


DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
DURHAM, N. C. 











THE JAMES SPRUNT HISTORICAL STUDIES 


Published under direction of the Department of History 
and Government of the University of North Carolina. 


Number 1 


Volume 20 


Editors 


i Pt 
R. D. W. Connor 
Mircue.t B. Garrett 


WiuiaM WHATLEY Pierson, Jr. 


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CONTENTS 
NORTH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 


By 
CHARLES CHRISTOPHER CRITTENDEN 


120379 


CHAPEL HILL 
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS 
1928 





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NORTH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 


By 
CHARLES CHRISTOPHER CRITTENDEN 


120379 





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VI. 
VII. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


PAGE 
TCERODEIET ION Ceo eh kle et. Lean Rie Ss Le a 7 
Tue EsTaBLISHMENT OF NEWSPAPERS .............00--00----- 11 
MAKE-UP AND CiReMUATION Ee oy ei 16 
OR FRSA Pry Serer ee rene Soe rede weet gel 24 
LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND LETTERS 
OP TEE VESTN ORS kee ete ald dy Me at TE Fl 31 
TAMEORWAT) CORE MIONE | a ce ee lt 36 
THE ADVERTISEMENTS: 
1. Description of Advertisements .........-...----------- 40 
2a bradcsand Commerce. 2 a 41 
SIU i Be 15 7 0p RA ME elses Bd SU te se 46 
ATE LU OWA RE cen ere ee ra wh gh are BE 48 
Spel Ysera 1's eveme: sO Leakage Batt Ud A Sa iia ohhh a 50 
6. Immigration and Emigration _.............--------.----- 52 
7 nah BOCES. Re ec hae Oan et 1. AAA aay CD SU SM 53 
SRE COLUO Tia eos ene aN Cums Sean cE Ba a5 
9. Publication and Sale of Books _.........-..----..- 57 


ApprenpIx A—A List of North Carolina Newspapers Pub- 
lished before 1790 Which Are Preserved in the Library 
of the University of North Carolina or in the Archives 
of the North Carolina Historical Commission ................ 60 


APPENDIX B—Letters Selected from North Carolina News- 
Mapeksndhy os 1 faon ween enetre ls Un. Ma ae 63 


Charles Christopher Crittenden, M.A., Wake Forest College, 
and candidate for the doctorate at Yale University, has been 
since 1926 Instructor in History in the University of North 
Carolina. 


INTRODUCTION 


Ten years ago it was practically impossible to make an 
adequate study of the early newspapers of North Carolina. Of 
necessity such a study must depend primarily upon an analysis 
of the papers themselves, and the papers were not at hand to be 
analyzed. Most of the issues had been either lost or destroyed ; 
and those which had been preserved were scattered among such 
widely separated points as London, Worcester, Chapel Hill, 
Washington, New Orleans, New York, Raleigh and Phila- 
delphia. The investigator neither knew what copies were in 
existence nor, had he known, would he have found it convenient 
to make extended journeys for the purpose of examining them. 
It was necessary that a careful search be instituted in order to 
discover the location of those papers which had been preserved, 
and then that an effort be made to assemble as many of them as 
possible at a place where they would be easily accessible to the 
student. This work was undertaken in 1920 by the North 
Carolina Historical Commission, having been facilitated by the 
publication, two years earlier, of Clarence S. Brigham’s Bibli- 
ography of American Newspapers ;? and so successfully was it 
carried on that there is today in Raleigh a collection which 
includes, with a few exceptions, either the originals or photo- 
stat copies of all North Carolina newspapers printed before 
1800 which are known to be in existence.® 


1In 1891 Stephen B. Weeks published his Press of North Carolina in the 
Eighteenth Century, in which he included an account of the newspapers of the 
period. Since the only papers printed before 1790 to which he had access con- 
sisted of an incomplete file of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777, 
to 30 November, 1778, he was forced to rely largely upon material which was in 
many ways not trustworthy and which failed to give many of the essential facts. 
It is surprising how much information he was able to assemble from such sources 
as were then available. 

?North Carolina Historical Commission, Eighth Biennial Report, 1918-1920, 
pees. 

® There is another similar collection in Chapel Hill. For a list of those 
papers printed before 1790 which have been preserved, see Appendix A. The work 
of collecting is not yet complete. Only three years ago there were found, glued to 


[7] 


8 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


There are still great gaps in the files. Very often just that 
number of a paper is wanted which cannot be had. A com- 
plete set of newspapers would undoubtedly shed much light 
upon the history of North Carolina and would perhaps definitely 
settle disputes over questions such as whether Mecklenburg 
County declared for independence in 1775, or why the state in 
1788 refused to adopt the federal constitution. It is tantalizing 
to have only one or two issues of certain papers and to realize 
that, with a little foresight on the part of those who lived a 
century and a half ago, all of them might have been preserved. 
But although there are gaps, the work of collecting has been 
done with sufficient thoroughness for the investigator to gain 
some notion of what these early papers were, although, of 
course, his knowledge is obliged to be incomplete to the extent 
that the files of the papers themselves are incomplete. But he 
can at least determine when, where, and by whom they were 
printed, how large they were, how they were made up, and what 
they contained of news, letters to the editors, literary contribu- 
tions and advertisements. 

Before 1790 the newspapers of North Carolina were in many 
respects similar to other American papers. Nearly all the 
papers of the period were small sheets of only four pages; 
were printed not more often than once a week; had a small 
circulation ; included a great deal of news from a distance and 
very little of a local nature; contained contributions on a 
variety of subjects; copied extensively from each other and 
from English papers; and printed advertisements of runaway 
slaves, of houses and goods for sale, and of ships sailing for 
various ports. In such matters there is little to choose between 
The Boston Weekly Post-Boy, The New York Mercury, The 
Maryland Gazette, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, and 
numerous others. 

Although North Carolina papers were in these respects 
similar to those of other parts of America, in other ways they 


the covers of volumes of county court records, certain copies of James Davis’s 
North Carolina Gazette for the years 1751 and 1752. Before this discovery took 
place it was thought that the Gazette had not been published so early. See The 
North Carolina Historical Review, Vol. II, pp. 83-89. 


Nortu CaroLtina Newspapers BEForE 1790 9 


differed from them. In the first place, they were later in mak- 
ing their appearance. The Boston News-Letter, the first news- 
sheet in British North America, made its debut in 1704; and by 
the middle of the eighteenth century seven of the colonies pos- 
sessed papers. But James Davis, the father of printing in North 
Carolina, did not begin to publish his periodical until 1751. Of 
the Thirteen Colonies, only New Hampshire, Connecticut, New 
Jersey, Delaware and Georgia established newspapers later than 
did North Carolina. The reason for this tardiness is not far 
to seek. The newspaper is the creature of the city. But North 
Carolina’s civilization was rural. In the whole period before 
1790 none of the six towns in which papers were printed had a 
white population of more than one thousand. Five of these 
‘towns, New Bern,® Wilmington, Halifax, Edenton and Fay- 
etteville were in the east, while only one, Hillsborough,® was 
in the west. 

In the second place, North Carolina newspapers differed 
from those in other states in that they were not as permanently 
established and did not bring in as large financial returns. They 
were printed less regularly than The South Carolina Gazette, 
The Boston News-Letter, The Virginia Gazette, and a number 
of others. None of them was able, as were several in Massa- 
chusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, to continue 
uninterrupted publication for a period of several decades. 
Their circulation was much smaller than that of the papers in 
the more populous towns of America, and therefore they did 
not pay so well. 

In the third place, they were less original than some of those 
of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, although as a rule they 
came up to the standard of those published outside these three 
towns. They contained much less expression of editorial opin- 

4For a discussion of American newspapers in the eighteenth century, see 
Thomas, Isaiah, History of Printing in America (1874), Vol. II; also Nelson, 
William, “Some Account of the American Newspapers, Particularly of the Eight- 
eenth Century. . . .” (In New Jersey Archives, Vols. XI, XII, and XIX). 
on is arranged alphabetically and goes only from Alabama to New Hamp- 


> The spelling was later changed to Newbern. 
* Hillsborough was later abbreviated by the omission of the last three letters. 


10 JAMEs SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


ion than such papers as The Massachusetts Spy and The New 
England Courant. They never, in criticizing the government, 
went as far as The New-York Weekly Journal.?’ They did not 
engage in controversies with each other as bitter as that be- 
tween The Pennsylvania Gazette and The American Weekly 
Mercury. They contained no literary contributions which 
would compare favorably with those of The Pennsylvania 
Gazette. On the whole they were less original, less enterprising, 
less daring, and less able to influence the thought and action of 
their readers than were those of Boston, New York and Phila- 


delphia. 


™Exception must be made in the case of Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina 
Gazette, in which the editor freely expressed his opinions, thus winning the dis- 
approval of the governor, the council, and many influential people in and around 
Wilmington. 


Le 


THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEWSPAPERS 


The first paper established in the colony was The North 
Carolina Gazette, which was printed at New Bern by James 
Davis.1 Before 1920 writers placed the first issue in 1755,? but 
recently several numbers have been discovered which make it 
certain that number one appeared four years earlier. The oldest 
extant copy is number 15, published 15 November, 1751; using 
that date as a basis for computation, it seems probable that 9 
August, 1751, was the date of the first issue. Davis continued 
to publish The North Carolina Gazette until as late as 1778. 
In general his purpose seems to have been to print his paper 
weekly, but he had no regular program—especially during the 
earlier period of its existence. He changed the day of publi- 
cation several times; he often suspended for months and even 
for years; and sometimes, when news was plentiful, he seems 
to have published more often than once a week. 

The next paper to appear in the colony was another North 
Carolina Gazette and was printed in Wilmington.? Only two 


1 This article does not discuss the lives of the various printers. For information 
on this point see Weeks, S. B., op. cit., passim. 

2Thomas Isaiah, op. cit., p. 166. Weeks, S. B., “The Pre-Revolutionary 
Printers of North Carolina’? (In The North Carolina Booklet, Vol. XV, No. 2, 
p. 112); cited in Connor, R. D. W., History of North Carolina, Colomal and 
Revolutionary Periods (1919), p. 207. 

% This date is correct provided the paper was printed regularly during the first 
few months of its existence, and provided there was not an earlier series with 
another set of numbers. Weeks had access to a copy for 18 October, 1759, which 
was number 200. Dating back, he calculated that number one must have appeared 
in December, 1755. Weeks, S. B., The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth 
Century, pp. 17-18. Such a calculation was reasonable and would have been cor- 
rect except for the fact that The Gazette was not printed regularly. 

4See Appendix A. In 1764, Davis began to print The North Carolina Magazine; 
or, Universal Intelligencer, which, in spite of its name, seems to have been a news- 
paper, the second in the colony. No original or photostat copy of this paper is at 
present either in Raleigh or in Chapel Hill. Weeks, S. op: cit.,(p, 21. A file 
of this paper, 6 July, 1764, to 18 January, 1765, is in the Library of Congress. 
Brigham, C. S., op. cit., p. 308. i " 

5 Davis’s paper was called The North Carolina Gazette; Steuart’s merelsWW orth 
Carolina Gazette. 

[11] 


12 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


of the regular issues and one “continuation” are accessible.® 
Publication, which apparently was begun on 17 October, 1764, 
was continued only until 1766 or 1767. Andrew Steuart, the 
printer, got into difficulties with the authorities because he 
published in the issue of 12 February, 1766, an “inflammatory” 
letter from Cross Creek.7 Accordingly he had lost his position 
as printer to the government; and thus, probably, forfeited the 
support of many of the influential citizens of the lower Cape 
Fear region.§ 

Next came The Cape Fear Mercury, which was printed in 
Wilmington by Adam Boyd on the same press Steuart had 
used. The first issue probably appeared on 13 October, 1769; 
and, although there was at least one temporary suspension,!° 
publication was continued until as late as 1 September, 1775. 
The paper was supposed to appear on Friday, but that it did 
not always do so is evident from a study of the numbers and 
dates of issue. Upon at least one occasion not more than four 
days elapsed between the printing of two numbers; and some- 
times there was an interval of as much as two weeks. 

Thus when the Revolution began, two newspapers were 
being printed, Boyd’s Cape Fear Mercury and Davis’s North 
Carolina Gazette. The first of these was soon discontinued and 
its publisher, on 4 January, 1776, became an ensign in the First 
North Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army.!! The 
second, while published irregularly until the end of November, 
1778, did not outlast the war because Davis, after the son who 
was helping him was drafted for the army, was unable to find 
anyone to take his place in the printing business.12 In all 


® Brigham, op. cit., p. 321, says that in the British Public Record Office is the 
regular issue for 20 November, 1765, and that in the archives of the North Caro- 
lina Historical Commission is a “continuation” of this same issué. The writer has 
seen neither of these papers, although he has searched for the one said to be in 
Raleigh. 

™The name, Cross Creek, was later changed to Fayetteville 

8 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 30; Colonial Records of North Carolian, Vol. VII, pp. 
187-188. 

® Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 31-32. 

10 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX, pp. 1118-1119. 

4 Ashe, S. A. (editor), Biographical History of North Carolina, Vol. V, p. 19. 

% Letter from James Davis to Governor Caswell (in Colonial Records of North 
Carolina, Vol. XIII, pp. 259-260). 


Nortu Carottna Newspapers Berore 1790 13 


probability no newspaper was printed in the state during the 
latter part of the Revolution. 1% 

Soon after the cessation of hostilities a number of papers 
sprang up, so that from August, 1783, until the end of De- 
cember, 1789, no less than eight were introduced to the public. 
The North Carolina Gazette or Impartial Intelligencer and 
Weekly Advertiser was published in New Bern by Robert Keith 
and Company, on the old presses and type of James Davis. 
The first number appeared on 28 August, 1783 ;14 and the paper 
seems to have been continued at least as late as the following 
January.1® In 1784 a paper was being printed at Halifax, as is 
indicated by a statement of James Iredell, who, writing to his 
wife on 28 March, said: “They have begun to print a news- 
paper at Halifax, which is to be continued weekly.” Un- 
fortunately, no copy of either of these papers is available. 

The State Gazette of North-Carolina, belonging at first to 
Hodge and Blanchard, and later to Hodge and Wills, seems to 
have begun publication on 17 November, 1785.17 Until the 
last of March, 1788, the paper was printed in New Bern;!8 but 
sometime between March and 9 July of the same year the print- 
ers were persuaded to move their business to Edenton.19 A 
suspension of nearly two months was caused by the removal,?° 
the first number appearing in the latter town on 8 September, 
1788.21 Publication was continued in Edenton for a number 

18 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 35-36. 


44 The North Carolina University Magazine, Vol. II, p. 40; cited in Weeks, 
Ma ., 10p:, CHE, ps SF. 

78 Archibald Maclaine, writing from Wilmington to George Hooper in Charleston, 
4 February, said that the newspaper published at New Bern was “not worth hav- 
ing.” Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVII, p. 128. He was almost 
certainly referring to Keith’s paper. 

1° McRee, G. J., Life and Correspondence of James Iredell, Vol. II, p. 96; cited 
in Brigham, C. S., op. cit., p. 300. This was probably the paper of Thomas Davis. 
Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVI, pp. 195-196. 

7The earliest extant issue of the paper, Vol. II, no. 99, is dated 4 October, 
1787. 

18 The issue for 27 March has been preserved. 

1 McRee, G. J., op. cit., p. 231, note; cited by Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 39. 

*° This calculation is based upon the numbering of the issues before and after 
removal. 


*1The issue for 3 September, 1789, stated that that number completed a year’s 
publication in Edenton. 


14 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


of years. The issue for 30 March, 1792, was the last to be 
printed by Hodge and Wills. From that date until the last of 
October, 1797, the paper was brought out by Henry Wills alone. 
On 2 November, 1797, James Wills, the brother of Henry, 
printed his first issue; he continued publication until at least as 
late as 20 February, 1799. 

Both in New Bern and in Edenton Hodge and Wills appear 
to have faced competition. In New Bern this was furnished by 
Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, publication of which appar- 
ently began 4 January, 1786, and certainly lasted until as late 
as 19 December, 1787; in Edenton by The Edenton Intelli- 
gencer, the paper of Maurice Murphy. Number one of this 
second paper probably appeared 23 October, 1787; publication 
was continued at least as late as 4 June, 1788, although how 
much longer cannot be determined.?? 

The only paper which existed west of Fayetteville before 
1790 was The North Carolina Gazette, published at Hillsboro 
by Thomas, the son of James Davis. The one copy which has 
been preserved, that of 16 February, 1786, either had no num- 
ber to begin with, or else its number has been torn off; there is 
therefore no basis for calculating the date of origin. However, 
it is almost certain that it was being printed at least as early as 
the preceding July.28 Thomas Davis, who seems to have been 
publishing a paper in Halifax in 1784, had moved by the follow- 
ing year to Hillsboro. How long after 16 February, 1786, his 
paper was printed is unknown. 

Wilmington was apparently without a newspaper from the 
latter part of 1775 until 1788, when Bowen and Howard estab- 
lished The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser. Num- 
ber one probably appeared on 5 March of the latter year.?* 
The paper could hardly have been published very long, because 
the partnership of the printers must have been dissolved in 1788 
or 1789, when Howard went to Fayetteville to establish another 
news-sheet. 


22The issue for 4 June, 1788, has been preserved. The number for 9 April is 
called Inteligencer; that for 4 June, Intelligencer. 

23 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVII, pp. 491, 500, 504. 

* The only copy preserved, Vol. I, no. 16, is dated 18 June, 1788. 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEForE 1790 15 


In Fayetteville, 24 August, 1789, Sibley and Howard 
brought out the Fayetteville Gazette.2® Although only four of 
the issues for 1789 are in existence, they are very valuable be- 
cause they contain several articles in favor of or opposed to the 
adoption of the federal constitution. Sometime between 12 
October, 1789, and 1 February, 1790, the name of the paper 
was changed to The North Carolina Chromicle; or, Fayetteville 
Gazette,?® and under this title publication was continued until 
7 March, 1791, when the editors declared that because of lack 
of funds they would have to discontinue the sheet.?7 

Before 1790, then, there were published in North Carolina 
no less than twelve different newspapers. Of some of these we 
have today no copies, of others only one or two, and of still 
others several dozen, but of none do we have anything like 
a complete file.28 Of the twelve, eleven were in the east, only 
one in the west. New Bern could boast of five, Wilmington of 
three, Edenton of two, and Fayetteville, Halifax and Hillsboro 
of one each.?® Four of the twelve were established before the 
Revolution, eight afterwards. Of them all, James Davis’s 
North Carolina Gazette seems to have survived the longest, 
but even its publication was frequently suspended. 

°° On page one the publishers announced to the public that they were proud of 
the fact that their paper was printed on the first printing press manufactured in 
North Carolina. This is the only evidence which has been preserved as to the 
building of this first press in the state. 

76 The issues for these two dates are in existence. 

27 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 44, 45, note; see below, p. 22. 

*3 See Appendix A. 

22The apparent mistake in addition is accounted for by the fact that one 


paper, The State Gazette of North Carolina, was moved from Newbern to Edenton. 
In the total it has been counted as only one sheet. 


1II 


Make-Up AND CIRCULATION 


Certain questions naturally arise as to the make-up, contents, 
circulation and finances of these early North Carolina news- 
papers. Some of these queries can be definitely answered ; to 
others because of lack of evidence the answers must be some- 
what vague. 

The size of the sheet and of the type varied from time to 
time. Each issue of a paper invariably contained four pages! of 
from one to three columns each; but the dimensions of these 
pages and the size of the type were changed at irregular in- 
tervals.2 The size of the page of James Davis’s North Carolina 
Gazette, for instance, was altered no less than eight times dur- 
ing the twenty-seven years of its existence, the smallest being 
about? 914 by 6 inches, the largest about 17% by 10 inches. 
Most of the other papers varied in size from time to time, 
although one of them, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 
was able before 1790 to maintain a sheet of regular size,* 143 
by 814 inches. The smallest sheet which has been preserved 
is the issue of Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette for 26 Febru- 
ary, 1766, each page of which measures 9 by 5% inches. The 
largest is the number of The |Vilmington Centinel and General 
Advertiser for 18 June, 1788, the size of each page being 1714 
by 10% inches. When the sheet was large, ordinarily the type 
would likewise be large; when the page was small, the type also 
would usually be reduced in size, so that it was possible to print 
approximately as much matter on a small sheet as on a large 
one. 

The size of the sheet seems to have depended largely upon 
the supply and price of paper. This article was not manufac- 
tured in North Carolina during colonial days and therefore had 


1 Sometimes supplements of from one to eight pages were issued. 

2 Two or more different sizes of type were often used in one number of a paper. 

*The pages of most of these papers are cut so irregularly that it is almost 
impossible to measure them exactly. Thus it is necessary to say “‘about.” 

4 Trregularities in cutting must be allowed for. 


[ 16} 


Nortu CAroLinA Newspapers BeErore 1790 7, 


to be imported. During the Revolution a paper mill was built 
but could not supply the demand. After 1783 there was less 
difficulty in obtaining paper, but even then it was not plentiful. 
When it was fairly cheap and easy to obtain, the size of the 
newspaper page was usually large; when it was scarce and 
expensive, the page would usually be small. Sometimes the 
size of the sheet was reduced without a corresponding reduction 
of the type because the publishers had at hand little material 
suitable for printing. 

Similar factors influenced the regularity or irregularity of 
the appearance of a news-sheet. If there was little news, if 
the publisher happened to be out of town for a few days, if a 
sufficient amount of paper could not be had, or if funds hap- 
pened to be running short, the sheet might not come out at the 
usual time. On the other hand, if conditions were favorable, 
publication might occur more often than the public expected. 
Thus, while all these papers were nominally weeklies, there were 
many occasions upon which they did not appear at regular 
seven-day intervals. 

Although there was some little variety in the make-up of 
these newspapers, they were in general put together in the fol- 
lowing fashion. At the top of page one were to be found the 
title, the imprint,®> and the number and date of issue. Two 
papers, Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette and The Cape Fear 
Mercury, printed in the title of some of their numbers a cut of 
the royal arms. A few illustrations of headings and imprints 
are worth quoting. On page one of The North Carolina Gazette 
for 15 April, 1757, was: “The Not Carolina Gazette With the 
Freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.” At the foot of page 
four was: “Newbern: Printed by James Davis at the Print- 
ing-Office in Front-Street ; where all Persons may be supplied 
with this Paper, at 16s. per Annum, and where Advertisements 
of a moderate Length are inserted for Three Shillings the first 
Week, and Two Shillings for every Week after. And where 
Book-Binding is done reasonable.” Martin’s North Carolina 


* The imprint was often to be found at the foot of the last page, and sometimes 
did not appear at all. 


18 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


Gazette carried the quotation: “Tros Tyriusve mihi nullo dis- 
crimine agetur. Vir.” Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette 
claimed to be “Influenced by all parties, but restrained by none.” 
The Edenton Intelligencer was truly patriotic in declaring: 
“Where LIBERTY dwells there is my COUNTRY.” All of 
these mottoes seem to have been taken, either verbatim or with 
slight change, from the newspapers of other parts of America.® 

Pages one and two and part of page three, were filled with 
bits of news from Europe and from the settlements up and 
down the Atlantic Seaboard, and often with a brief item from 
the town in which the paper was printed. On page three, after 
the news, came advertisements. Page four was filled with a 
“Poet’s Corner,” more advertisements, and perhaps a letter or 
two to the publisher. Such was the usual method of arrange- 
ment. There were, however, a number of other schemes which 
were often used. Advertisements might be so numerous that 
they filled almost the entire paper; or they might be omitted 
altogether. There might be no local news; or the sheet might 
be filled with it, to the exclusion of any other news. Several 
letters to the printer might be included in one number of a 
paper; or it might be that not one would appear for months. 
Sometimes there was quite a little padding ; sometimes none at 
all. 

What the circulation of any of these papers was, it is impos- 
sible definitely to say. That it could not have been large is 
evident. Though they were published in the larger towns: 
Newbern, Wilmington, Edenton, Fayetteville, Halifax and 
Hillsboro, the population of these places was so small that it is 
difficult to see how they could support papers at all. Wilming- 
ton, called “our metropolis,” and probably the most populous 
town in the colony, seems to have had less than eight hundred 
people when, in 1764, her first news-sheet made its appear- 
ance ;7 even as late as 1820 her population numbered only 2633, 

®A number of mottoes of American papers for the period are quoted in 


Thomas, Isaiah, op. cit., passim. 
7 Journal of a Lady of Quality (New Haven, 1921), p. 283. 


Norra Carotina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 19 


of whom less than 1100 were white. The field for newspapers 
offered by other towns was little or no better. Edenton in 1786 
contained 1112 people, of whom only 480 were white.® Hills- 
boro as late as 1790 could count only 36 white polls ;1° Fayette- 
ville the same year contained 274 heads of families ;11 and 
Newbern before 1790 could hardly have had more than 1000 
white people.!2 It seems impossible that the inhabitants of any 
of these towns could have purchased more than 275 copies of 
a single issue of a news-sheet; in all probability the largest 
circulation of any North Carolina paper in the town in which it 
was printed was not more than 150, while the average must 
have been less than 100. 

If it is difficult to estimate the circulation of a paper within 
the town in which it was published, it is almost impossible to 
find out how many copies went to the surrounding country. 
Certain it is, however, that there were in the rural districts 
many people who were eager to learn what they could about 
current events and who thus would be glad to have news-sheets. 
That such people did actually subscribe may be inferred from 
the fact that they sent letters and contributions of poetry to the 
printers, and that the papers published advertisements which 
were obviously intended for their eyes.18 The advertisements 

® Coon, C. L., The Beginnings of Public Education in North Carolina, Vol. I 
(Raleigh, N. C.,; 1908), p. 188. If, in 1764, half the population was negro; and 
if one white person in five subscribed to Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, the 
circulation of that paper in Wilmington would have amounted to less than one 
hundred. 

® State Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVIII, p. 434. 

2 Ibid., Vol. XXVI, p. 1313. 

4 [bid., pp. 458-464. 

Thirty years later her white population numbered 1475. Coon, C. L., loc. cit. 

12 The issue of Martin’s North Carolina Gazette (Newbern) for 11 July, 1787, 
contained a letter to the printer from Long Island on Holston, more than 300 miles 
distant in what is now Tennessee; and in the number for 15 August, 1787, was 
a communication from ‘‘Westfields, near Salisbury,” nearly 200 miles away. The 
State Gazette of North-Carolina contained a number of such letters to the pub- 
lisher: a series of five from “Camden” (7 and 14 May, 4 June, 2 and 23 July, 
1789), one from ‘‘Gates” (28 May, 1789), one from ‘“‘Scuppernong” (11 June, 1789), 
one from “Tyrrel,” and one from “‘Perquimons” (30 July, 1789). Contributions 
of poetry from the country districts, or the editors’ acknowledgement of such 
contributions, may be found in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 March 
and 12 May, 1775; in Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787; in The 


Edenton Intelligencer, 9 April, and 4 June, 1788; and in the Favetteville Gazette, 
14 and 21 September, 1789. There were numerous advertisements which were 


20 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


also indicate that several papers circulated in towns other than 
those in which they were printed. Notices of lots for sale, of 
public auction of goods, of boats to be disposed of, of goods in 
stock in some store—such advertisements for one town ap- 
peared fairly often in the newspapers of another.!* Conclusive 
evidence that at least one paper had a wide circulation is furn- 
ished by a statement in Martin’s North Carolina Gazette :1* 
“This gazette is forwarded regularly once in a fortnight, in [to] 
the followings towns, Kinston, Greenesville, Tarborough,?® 
Halifax, Warrenton, Louisburg, Oxford, Williamsburg, and 
Harrisburg, by the Western Post, and to Wilmington, Wash- 
ington, and Edenton, by the Continental Post every week.’’1? 

It is impossible, then, to make any definite statement as to 
the number of subscribers to any of these newspapers, but it 
can be asserted that, while no paper was sold very extensively 
in the town in which it was published, several circulated fairly 
widely in neighboring towns and surrounding country. The 
Cape Fear Mercury was read in the Cape Fear region; The 
State Gazette of North-Carolina in the Albemarle section; and 
both James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette and Martin’s North 
Carolina Gazette in the east generally. Of all the journals, 
James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette seems to have come 
nearer than any other to serving as a medium of expression for 
the whole of North Carolina, but this was possible because dur- 
ing most of its existence no other paper was being printed. 





evidently written to appeal to people living in rural sections. See, for illustration, 
notices of plantations for sale in the following papers: The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 
September and 29 December, 1773, 1 September, 1775; James Davis’s North Caro- 
lina Gazette, 29 August, 12 September, 28 November, and 12 December, 1777, 3 
April, 1778; Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 

%4The Cape Fear Mercury contains such advertisements for Cross Creek (23 
September, 1773, and 11 May, 1774); James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for 
Hillsborough (9 January, 1778), Beaufort (6 March, 4 and 11 September, 1778), 
and Edenton (3 April, 1778); The State Gazette of North-Carolina for Warrenton 
(8 September, 1788), Murfreesborough (4 December, 1788), Windsor (22 January, 
2 April, 1789), and Tarborough (1 October, 1789). 

1519 December, 1787. 

16 Greenesville was later shortened to Greenville; Tarborough to Tarboro. 

17In November, 1772, Adam Boyd was promoting the circulation of The Cape 
Fear Mercury in Granville, Guilford and Chatham counties. Colonial Records of 
North Carolina, Vol. IX, p. 356. 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 21 


A newspaper brought financial returns to its owner mainly 
through subscriptions and advertisements. As to the cost of 
subscriptions it is impossible to obtain information in most 
cases. Before the Revolution the standard price of The Cape 
Fear Mercury and of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette 
was 16 shillings proclamation money per year. Publication of 
the first did not continue long after the revolt against Great 
Britain had begun, and whether or not its price was raised dur- 
ing that short time is not known. The second, however, con- 
tinued to exist for several years, and the printer found it neces- 
sary to announce to his subscribers, 3 April, 1778, that “the 
great rise in every article of life, or rather fall of our money, 
puts it out of our power to serve them any longer on the same 
terms: the price of this gazette is therefore raised to thirty 
shillings per annum. .’ Of those papers which came 
into existence after the cessation of hostilities and before 1790, 
only two quoted prices.18 The first of these, The State Gazette 
of North-Carolina, cost 25 shillings a year; the second, The 
Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 40 shillings, a 
price apparently not justified by any exceptionally high quality 
which the paper possessed. 

The charge for printing advertisements varied. James 
Davis’s North Carolina Gazette before 1775 usually contained 
a statement to the effect that “Advertisements of a moderate 
Length, are inserted for Three Shillings the first Week, and 
Two Shillings for every Week after.”19 The Cape Fear Mer- 
cury before 18 May, 1774, gave notice that “ADVERTISE- 
MENTS of a moderate Length will be inserted at 4s Entrance, 
and 1s. a week Continuance: Those of an immoderate Length 
to pay in Proportion.” Of those papers which were published 
after 1782, Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette charged 
five shillings for the first week, and three for each week there- 
after; The State Gazette of North-Carolina eight and four 


It is possible that more than two papers quoted prices; but those copies which 
have been preserved do not indicate that this was the case. 

The wording of this statement was sometimes changed, but the price remained 
the same. 


22 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


shillings respectively ; and The Wilmington Centinel and Gen- 
eral Advertiser the same amount. 

There were two other sources of income from newspapers, 
at least for some printers: (1) government subsidies and (2) 
money charged for printing the contributions of certain writers. 
Adam Boyd, in 1775, was paid a small amount by the Wilming- 
ton Committee of Safety in order to encourage the publication 
of his journal.2° Whether any other printer was paid by the 
public for such service cannot be ascertained. The only evi- 
dence as to receipts from the second source is a notice in 
Martin’s North Carolina Gazette:?1 “A piece under the signa- 
ture of Honestius has reached us. The author should he wish 
to have it inserted must make himself known, and pay a fee.” 
To what extent such fees were demanded by other publishers 
is unknown. It is probable, however, that most papers made 
no such charge. Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette?” 
took pains to inform the public that “Articles of Intelligence 
and Essays will be gratefully received; and the chances are 
that the majority of the other journals were glad to obtain 
anything with which to fill their columns. 

In paying for their newspapers, as in settling many of their 
other bills, it seems that a large number of North Carolinians 
were extremely tardy. It was customary to sell papers to sub- 
scribers on credit or on part credit?’—with the result that the 
printers seem to have lost heavily. James Davis, in his Gazette 
for 20 June, 1775, stated that “All persons in Arrear for this 
Paper, are requested to make payment ;” and again, 3 April, 
1778, “our customers are requested to make payment for the 
last half year. . . . Our old customers long in arrear are 
once more called upon to make payment.” A Fayetteville paper 
was forced in 1791 to go out of business because of “The great 
expense of carrying on the same” and “the extreme want of 
punctuality in so large a number of their subscribers.”?* 


70 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX, p. 1111-1119. 

7115 August, 1787. 

216 February, 1786. 

23 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 3 April, 1778. 

*% Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 45, note. For evidence that still another paper had 
difficulty in collecting money from subscribers, see The State Gazette of North- 
Carolina, 3 September, 1789. 


NortH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 23 


Did it pay to publish a newspaper in this early period of 
North Carolina history? It must have done so since so many dif- 
ferent sheets were printed, some of which were continued for 
several years, but the business could hardly have been very 
lucrative. Subscribers were few. The papers were weeklies, 
and thus the price of subscriptions was not high enough to yield 
large profits. There was difficulty in collecting money which 
was due, and so most of the printers were forced to supplement 
their incomes by other activities. James Davis served as printer 
to the government, published books and sold them to the public, 
printed paper currency, contracted to carry the mails, was post- 
master at New Bern, and probably supervised the cultivation of 
one or more tracts of land which he owned. Andrew Steuart 
was printer to the government. Adam Boyd sold “sundry 
Pamphlets and Blanks; Also: Epsom and Glauber Salts by the 
Ib. or larger quantity”; and seems besides to have received 
financial aid from the Wilmington Committee of Safety. And 
so it was with most, perhaps all, of the others.25 That the 
business could not have paid very well is further indicated by 
the fact that no paper was able, as were several in other parts 
of America, to continue uninterrupted publication for several 
decades. The same factors which in the beginning had made 
the province tardy in securing newspapers, worked to limit the 
income of those which were established later. 


% Weeks, S. B., op. cit., passim. 


IV 


THe News 


Most of the news which was printed came from a distance. 
A paper usually contained several items from Europe and from 
the English settlements in America,! but carried little or no 
local news. It was customary to emphasize foreign events by 
placing them in the most conspicuous location, while local items 
were apparently considered least important and were therefore 
placed after all other news. The reader had to wander over 
Europe and a large part of America before finally arriving at 
home. Except very rarely there were no headlines to indicate 
what a column contained? and usually no emphasis was given to 
matters of special interest. The news of the epoch-making 
battle of Lexington, for instance, was printed on the third page 
of a New Bern paper without anything to indicate its impor- 
tance.® 

Nearly all the news from a distance seems to have been ex- 
tracted from papers which were brought into North Carolina by 
the post or, especially before the Revolution, by the numerous 
ships which sailed into her harbors. It was customary for 


1The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 16 July, 1789, contained despatches from 
The Hague, Stockholm, Warsaw, Leghorn, Paris, London, Boston, New York, 
Philadelphia and Newbern. The average paper, however, did not include items 
from so many different cities. 

2 Sometimes, however, there were printed in large type the word London or 
Paris or Boston, and the date of the despatch, showing the source and date of the 
news. One paper, The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, used the 
headlines Foreign Intelligence and Domestic Intelligence. 

3 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 5 May, 1775. 

4James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 November, 1751, contained items 
copied from the Westminster Journal of 27 July, and from The Old Woman's 
Magazine of 16 July. The same paper, 15 April, 1757, printed an article from the 
British Journal. Andrew Steuart, in his North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 
1766, said that he presumed certain extracts from, English papers, printed below, 
would not be unacceptable to his readers; and the same printer, two weeks later, 
quoted from a Newbern paper of 14 January (probably The North Carolina Maga- 
zine; or, Universal Intelligencer). The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 26 
February, 1789, included a paragraph “extracted from the Bahama Gazette, printed 
at Nassau, New Providence, the 3d ult.” The Edenton Intelligencer, 4 June, 
1788, copied from a Norfolk paper. Usually the source was not given; but it is 
almost certain that nearly all the news from a distance was extracted from jews- 
papers which had been brought into North Carolina. 


[ 24] 


Ai 


NortuH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 “aa 


American editors to copy almost anything they could lay their 
hands on. The printers of North Carolina, according to the 
practice of the time, must have subscribed to a number of 
journals; and they must have paid the captains of ships sailing 
to Europe and up and down the coast to bring back with them 
a collection of the latest news-sheets.5 Sometimes, when the post 
had been irregular and when no ships had arrived for several 
weeks, they were at a loss as to what to include in their papers.® 
Upon such occasions they were forced either to delay publica- 
tion, or else to resort to padding. The winter months were 
those in which there was the greatest difficulty of communica- 
tion, and thus the greatest paucity of news; but North Caro- 
lina printers did not encounter in this matter such obstacles as 
did those farther to the north. 

Sometimes news from a distance was not copied from papers 
which had been brought into North Carolina, but was obtained 
from other sources. During the entire period before 1790 
letters from correspondents were fairly often printed. James 
Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, for instance, carried such items 
as an “Extract of a Letter from Edenton, to a Gentleman in 
Bath,’? and an “Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in 
Charlestown, to his Friend at Newbern.”® Statements of travel- 
lers and captains of ships were also used: “Newbern. . . 

A large Snow has arrived at Occacock from France 
the Master of which, and a Gentleman Passenger, report 


° Dependence of the printers upon the mail service is indicated by a statement 
in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 30 November, 1778: ‘‘For the conveniency 
of inserting in this paper the earliest intelligence by the post, which arrives here on 
Saturday, it will, in the future, be published on Monday evening.’”’ Dependence 
upon the arrival of ships is illustrated by a paragraph in The State Gazette of 
North-Carolina, 9 April, 1789: “From papers received by the ship Polly and 
Nancy, Captain Warburton, lately arrived at this port from Liverpool (England) 
we have extracted the articles which follow. Had 

6 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 3 April, 1778, contains the notice: 
“No mail from the Northward last week.’”’ On the other hand, there was sometimes 
available more news than could be included in one issue of a paper. For instance, 
in The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 30 August, 1789, is a statement that “On 
account of the extreme length of the talk with the Indians, proceedings of Congress, 
&c. &c. we are obliged to omit sundry articles of intelligence intended for this 
day’s paper.” 

Tid July; 1777; 

81 August, 1777. 


26 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


. 3’8 “Newbern. . . . Since our last, arrived here the 
ship Harmony-Hall, Captain Alderson, from France, who re- 
ports. . . ;’1° Such accounts were recognized as being of 


doubtful value and, except during the Revolution, were rarely 
relied upon. They were used chiefly during the years 1777 and 
1778, when the post was irregular and when communication 
with the outside world was disorganized by the British ships 
which hovered off the coast. 

In contrast to our modern news-gathering facilities, the 
methods of the eighteenth century were slow and cumbrous in 
the extreme. Even when news came direct it usually travelled 
very slowly; but often, instead of coming direct, it arrived 
only by the most circuitous routes. An item of intelligence 
from New England, for instance, reached North Carolina only 
after having gone first to France and then to the West Indies ; 
and another piece of news, originating in Fayetteville, found its 
way to Edenton, ninety miles distant, by way of Richmond, and 
was printed in an Edenton paper more than two and a half 
months after the recorded event had taken place.11_ These are 
exceptional cases, but they show what often happened in the 
eighteenth century. On the other hand, news could sometimes 
travel much more rapidly than in the instances cited above. 
The newspapers mentioned, for example, a despatch which came 
in 1775 by “express” in twelve days from Connecticut, a ship 
which in 1777 brought news in thirteen days from the West 
Indies, and another vessel which in 1788 had come from New 
York in nine days.12. Communication between North Carolina 


® James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 17 October, 1777. 

10 Tbid., 25 September, 1778. 

11 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 January, 1778, contains this inter- 
esting bit: “From the Antigua Gazette. To the Printer. Sir, The following is a 
copy of an American paper, arrived by the way of Nantz. . . .” The State 
Gazette of North Carolina, 5 February, 1789, prints what is probably copied from 
a Martinique paper, the “Extract of a letter from a French gentleman in Boston 
to his friend in Martinique.” And the same sheet three weeks later includes what 
seems to be reprinted from a Richmond paper: “Richmond, January 14. Extract 
of a letter from Fayetteville (N. C.), December 6, 1788.” 

13“‘Newbern, May 5 (1775). Just received by Express, in twelve Days from 
Wallingford [near New Haven] in Connecticut. . . :” James Davis’s North 
Carolina Gazette. . . . “Newbern, November 28, 1777. By a Vessel in thirteen Days 


Po 


from the West Indies to our Bar, advices are received that... ;’’ IJbid., “Wil- 
- 


Nortu CaroLiInaA NEwsparers BEForE 1790 Ci, 


and the outside world could be fairly rapid, but usually news 
from a distance was so old by the time it was published that, at 
least according to modern notions, it was entirely out of date. 
During the decade prior to the Revolution, for instance, the 
Wilmington papers printed items as old as these: from Stock- 
holm, 120 days; from Minsk, 117 days; from Cologne, 126 
days; from London, 93 days; from Boston, 52 days; from 
Charleston, 21 days.13 During the years 1777 and 1778, in spite 
of the fact that means of communication were disorganized, 
items printed in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette were 
not quite so old as these, and after 1783 there was still greater 
improvement. A study of certain numbers of The State 
Gazette of North-Carolina for 1788 and 1789 gives the follow- 
ing results : 


AcE (IN Days) or ITEMs or NEws PRINTED IN The State Gazette of 
North-Carolina For 1788 anv 1789 


Point of Smallest number Largest number Number of 
origin of days of days Average instances 
VEE WSN WR ias aR ER NUD 106 115 111 2 
LEP IGG): yi eA Cie aU a 90 111 103 3 
Nondom rn tices kh Tae 68 125 85 14 
Boston est stn os 36 44 40 3 
WMawsi Morker iitiitk oil us) 13 27 23 10 
hiladelplaia (2.08). 14 31 23 15 
BaltimMoreurene ke ee nce 13 Shieh ye 23 11 
roland eS es 11 25 19 7 
Petersburg seem Ra es 7 14 11 2 
Norfolk ise beth ert 13 13 13 1 
Savannialiy css! ied iets yee 35 77 56 2 
febarlestony) ue eevee Ok 24 37 31 2 
Witlmaingtoni) iin iue enn) 21 21 21 1 
NeW, Beri) 25.0 Ua eee 14 14 14 3 


Probably in most cases the age of these items can be taken as 
the approximate length of time required for news from those 
cities to reach North Carolina. Sometimes when more news 
was at hand than could be printed in one issue of a paper, the 
mansion [June 18, 1788]. On Sunday iast arrived in this port, the schooner Gen- 
eral Washington, Capt. William Meads, after a passage of 9 days from New-York.” 


The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser. 
18 Average for several items. 


28 James Sprunt HistTorrcaL STUDIES 


publisher seems to have held some of it to be included in later 
issues; but this practice was apparently not followed to any 
great extent. 

The fact that news was weeks or months old did not keep 
people from reading it with interest. No matter what the age, 
it was fresh to them. Whether they would have preferred 
more local news and more articles of a literary nature to the 
great preponderance of foreign items which appeared in such 
papers as James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, it is difficult 
to say. The average American news-sheet of the period, par- 
ticularly during the years before 1775, gave very little space to 
local events. Since Americans were vitally concerned in the 
wars and alliances and treaties of Europe, they naturally took 
an interest in European news. Thus it may be argued that the 
printers gave their subscribers merely what they wanted. On 
the other hand, it is true that several of the early American 
papers, such as The New-England Courant of James Franklin, 
The New-York Weekly Journal of John Peter Zenger, and 
The Massachusetts Spy of Isaiah Thomas, followed the policy 
of filling their sheets largely with matter other than stale foreign 
despatches ; and there can be no doubt that some of the papers 
of this type were both widely read and profitable to the publish- 
ers. Thus it is quite possible that some of the printers of 
North Carolina, and many elsewhere in America, might have 
given their papers a greater appeal had they omitted some of 
the foreign matter and included material of a different nature, 
particularly local news. They perhaps printed such a pre- 
ponderance of foreign news, not because their readers wanted 
it, but because it was much easier to copy imported newspapers 
than to take the trouble of writing reports of local events or of 
composing articles for the amusement of readers. 

Local events, such as fires, deaths, storms, marriages, goods 
exported, prices, and ships entering and clearing, were reported 
with great brevity. For example: “NEWBERN. OCTOBER 
24 (1777). . . . On Tuesday last was married. Mr. James 
Green, Jun. of this County, to Miss Peggy Cogdell, second 
daughter of Colonel Richard Cogdell, of this Town; a most 


Nortu CaroLtina NEwspaArers BEForE 1790 29 


amiable and agreeable young Lady, with a considerable Share 
of Beauty and other Accomplishments.”14 Such an item is of 
much greater interest to the present-day student than are the 
foreign despatches; it is to be regretted that the papers did 
not include more of them.15 

Sometimes a paper included news from the country districts 
or from towns other than the one in which the sheet was 
printed. During the decade following 1765 a great deal was 
published in regard to the proceedings of the committees of 
safety in various counties; and scattered through the papers of 
the period were occasional paragraphs about crimes, the condi- 
tion of the crops, and other miscellaneous matters relating to 
North Carolina. For example: ‘The late severe frosts in the 
back country, we hear, has done great damage, particularly to 
the tobacco. . . . Some whole fields of late tobacco are 
entirely destroyed . . . it has likewise done great injury 
to the-late corn.”!6 During the years 1777 and 1778 James 
Davis’s North Carolina Gazette contained a number of items 
illustrating the activity of English ships off the coast. For 
instance:17_ “The cruizers are yet very troublesome on our 
coast, having lately cut several vessels and small craft out of 
Roanoke and Currituck inlets. Besides Capt. Goodrick, there is 
Capt. McLean, a little Scotchman, well known here, cruizing 
off our inlets; he has taken several of our vessels, and thus, 
exultingly, with Scotch gratitude, returns the many and sin- 
gular favours and polite treatment he lately received here.” 

The political news of North Carolina was given a fairly 
large amount of space. Before the Revolution the papers some- 
times printed the proceedings of assembly and council, ad- 
dresses of the governor to the two houses, or petitions to the 
king. During and after the struggle with Great Britain they 
published the laws which recently had been passed, extracts 


14 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 October, 1777. 

18 A few issues of papers contained quite a little local news. For instance, 
Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 and 26 February, 1766, was largely 
filled with accounts of the actions taken in and around Wilmington to oppose the 
enforcement of the Stamp Act. 

16 Fayetteville Gazette, 12 October, 1789. 

717 July, 1778. 


30 James Sprunt Historicat StupiEs 


from the journals of legislative bodies, or reports of legislative 
committees. Such items were usually mere copies of docu- 
ments and were not presented in such a way as to appeal to 
readers. Only very rarely did the editors venture any comment. 

The printers, then, were greatly handicapped in supplying 
the news by poor facilities of communication. They were often 
unable to obtain full accounts of what was going on outside a 
small section of North Carolina; and those accounts which they 
did obtain were frequently four or five months old. Thus it 
was impossible for them to keep their readers up to date as to 
what was happening in the world. An opportunity which they 
perhaps neglected, however, was that of publishing more local 
news. Had they done this they might have made their papers 
more readable and have increased their circulation. Certainly 
they would have made them more interesting and valuable to 
the student of today. ‘ 


V 


LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITORS 


Sometimes the printers had no difficulty in obtaining enough 
news to fill all the space at their disposal, but often they were 
forced to turn to any kind of material upon which they could 
lay their hands. At times they received contributions from 
readers, but more often they had to copy selections from books, 
magazines or other newspapers. Some of these, such as “An 
Account of the Life, Religion, and Polity of Mohammed, as 
it is contained in the Koran”! must have been very tiresome. 
Others, such as “Hints for Young Married Women,’ were 
perhaps both instructive and entertaining. Interesting likewise 
must have been the satires upon the intricacies of etiquette such 
as: “Maxims for the Conduct of Young Gentlemen. ; 
When in company with gentlemen, your superiors in age, edu- 
cation, and experience, be sure to engross the conversation, 
forcing attention to your observations by the vociferation with 
which they are uttered, and the violence of your gesture, if 
not by their importance. Speak out plumply and with decision, 
on subjects which have puzzled the ablest philosophers and 
metaphysicians ; and descant largely on the politics, commerce 
and state of your country, whether possessed of information on 
these points, or not. . . .”8 

A number of anecdotes were published, many of them so 
vulgar that they would not be allowed to appear in a respectable 
newspaper today.* Others were not inelegant, but were merely 
funny. For instance: “A Gentleman riding one morning very 
early in a place where he happened not to be acquainted, coming 
up by the side of a young woman who was carrying a pig in 
her arms, and hearing it squeal violently, addressed her thus, 
Why my dear, your child cries amazingly! The young woman 


*James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 June, 1768. 

2 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. 

* Tite State Gazette of North-Carolina, 5 February, 1789. 

*See, for example, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 25 June, 1789, for a 
prurient story about a French woman. 

4 


[31] 


32 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


readily turned round, and looking him in the face, said, with a 
smile upon her countenance, J know it Sir! it always does when 
it sees his Daddy.”® Stories of the kind seem always to have 
been copied ; probably they were never original. 

The papers also printed letters to the editors and contri- 
butions of native verse. The letters usually made no claim to 
literary excellency, but were written for some practical purpose. 
People often aired their views pretty thoroughly in the news- 
papers, sometimes using the most violent invective against each 
other. Complaints as to business conditions ;* comments on the 
colonial courts of oyer and terminer ;7 replies to attacks made 
by critics ;8 a discussion of duelling ;® a statement of the views 
of a candidate for office on the eve of an election!9—such were 
the contents of these letters. During the years 1788 and 1789, 
when the state was considering the advisability of adopting the 
new federal constitution, the papers were full of political con- 
tributions, one of the most illuminating being a series of arti- 
cles by ‘‘Aratus” in The State Gazette of North-Carolina. These 
articles succeeded in stirring up the bitterest kind of opposition 
among a number of readers of the paper. On May 28, 1789, 
for instance, there was this: “Gates, May 16, 1789. Mess.. 
Printers, . . . Should the learned Aratus think himself 
roughly treated, let him comfort himself with another parade 
of his erudition; but let him beware of wantonly turning up 
his posteriors again, for should they not be so lean as to excite 
compassion, they will probably meet with some attention from 
Flagellator Scurrarum.” To which, and to another similar 
letter, ‘‘Aratus” replied, 2 July: “As two ‘Jackanapes’ have 
attacked Aratus, he begs leave to inform them for fear of mis- 
take, that he may be personally heard of by applying to the 

5 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 26 February, 1789. For other anecdotes, 
see James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 13 March, 1752; Thomas Davis’s North 
Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786; and The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 19 
February, 1789. 

@ Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. 

™The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 

8 Tbid., 11 August, 1775; The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 13 August, 1789. 


9 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 30 November, 1778. 
1° The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 13 August, 1789. 


Nortu Carotina Newsparers BeErore 1790 33 


Printers.”!!_ Other controversies were not so bitter as this, 
but there were many which could be called anything but friendly. 
At one time or another during its existence nearly every one 

of these early papers contained, on page three or four, a ‘‘Poet’s 
Corner.” Although occasionally a native contribution appeared, 
most of the verse was copied and may be passed over with a 
word. A few of the poems of Philip Freneau and Peter Pindar 
were printed ;!2 but usually such verse was composed by obscure 
writers and was of little merit. The native contributions, while 
perhaps worthless as literature, are nevertheless interesting in 
that nothing else of the kind has been preserved for this period. 
So far as is known, no book of North Carolina poetry was pub- 
lished before 1790; and North Carolinians do not seem to have 
written verse for any magazine.18 This newspaper verse was 
mainly of a very practical kind, just as were the contributions 
of prose. One number of James Davis’s North Carolina Ga- 
zette,14 for instance, contained a few lines consoling a widow 
upon the loss of her husband. Sometimes controversies in verse 
were waged, each writer belaboring the other with the most 
insulting epithets. In The Edenton Intelligencer for 9 April, 
1788, appeared lines worth reproducing in part: 

Did’st thou not know, thou idiot most ill bred, 

A writer—first of all, should have a head, 

Well stor’d with brains, and with ideas full, 

And not like thine, an almost vacant skull ? 

Hie thee for shame! go with thy fellow brutes, 

Crop the green herbage or regale on roots, 


And never more—no never dare again, 
To visit social life—or mix with men. 


Occasionally scandal formed the theme of such controversies.15 
Contributions of verse were not always gratefully received 
by editors. Francis Xavier Martin informed one writer that 


41 The letters of “Aratus” and the replies which they brought forth are printed in 
full in Appendix B. 

4 See, for example, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 1789, passim. 

38 The writer has not examined the files of The North Carolina Magazine; or, 
Universal Intelligencer. 
* 4424 March, 1775. 

18 This, for instance, was the case with the verses printed in the Fayetteville 
Gazette, 14 September, 1789. 


34 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


“The lines, signed ‘A Reporter,’ which were sent to us on Mon- 
day morning, we then being absent, do not appear worthy of a 
place in this paper. The author will perhaps exclaim, H—g 
this F—chman.!® J wonder who made him a judge of English 
poetry. We know but one rule of English poetry, to wit, That 
in a poem there should be sense. It is the only touchstone by 
which we try the literary favours of our correspondents.”17 
At least one other printer of the period made a similar 
statement.1§ 

Perhaps the most enterprising attempt made by any news- 
paper in North Carolina during this early period to amuse its 
readers was that of The Cape Fear Mercury, which, during the 
fall of 1770, published a literary supplement. Five numbers of 
this supplement, which probably form a complete whole, have 
been preserved,!® the first printed 13 October, the last appar- 
ently 24 November. Each number consists of one sheet printed 
on both sides, the size being approximately eleven inches in 
length by seven in breadth. The supplements are almost en- 
tirely filled with five serial articles, entitled “some adventures 
which the Writer met with at an Inn where he stopped in a 
journey made Northerly,” written by “Jack Careless.” Imi- 
tating the style of Addison in rather clumsy fashion, they tell 
about what seems to have been a fictitious visit to aninn. A 
tenuous thread of narrative runs throughout all of them; and 
there are certain passages which are entertaining. But most 
parts are extremely dull, the theme is very poorly developed 
and, without the strictest attention, it is impossible to under- 
stand what the writer means. 

The articles in the supplement are meant to appear to be of 
native origin. It is stated that they were contained in “a packet 
which was left at the Printing Office”; and in the first number 
the writer tells of reading an earlier issue of The Cape Fear 


16 Martin had emigrated from France to America about the time of the beginning 
revolt against Great Britain. Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 37-38. 

11 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787. 

18 See the Fayetteville Gazette, 21 September, 1789. 

12These numbers of the supplement of The Cape Fear Mercury are in the 
Cobb Loan in the library of the University of North Carolina. The North Caro- 
lina Historical Commission possesses neither original nor photostat copies of them. 


NortH CaroLtina NEWSPAPERS BEFore 1790 a5 


Mercury. Upon a careful study, however, it becomes evident 
that the editor is merely using a ruse to deceive his readers, and 
that he has really copied the articles with a few changes from 
some English paper. The point of view taken is that of an 
Englishman; certain terms used show an intimate knowledge 
of English court life; and the purpose seems to be to appeal to 
English readers. Moreover the style, while laborious, is never- 
theless more polished than that of any contribution by a native 
to a North Carolina newspaper. All things considered, it is 
hardly probable that the articles were written in the colony. 
Some of the American news-sheets, such as The Virginia Ga- 
gette and The Pennsylvania Gazette, did contain original literary 
productions of a high quality; but the North Carolina papers 
did not. 


VI 


EDITORIAL COMMENT 


These early North Carolina papers contained no formal edi- 
torials. For the most part the editors, unlike some other Ameri- 
can editors of the period, restricted themselves to publishing the 
news without comment. Hence it is sometimes difficult to 
ascertain what their attitude was in regard to public issues. 
Only by a careful study of the type of material they printed 
and of the few remarks they made can any notion as to their 
position be gained. 

James Davis, publisher of The North Carolina Gazette, 
seems to have been quite tactful and politic. During the colonial 
period, when he was printer to the government and thus natur- 
ally anxious not to offend either governor or assembly, he con- 
tented himself with merely publishing the news and refrained 
from expressing his own views in print one way or the other. 
When the Revolution came on, however, he took the side of the 
colonies, and here and there in his paper included items which 
showed his sentiments. In 1777, commenting upon the depar- 
ture from the state of a shipload of loyalists, he declared that 
they “chuse to risk every Consequence rather than acknowledge 
the Freedom of a Country which has been so remarkably pro- 
pitious to the People of their Nation” ;! and in the spring of 
1778 he urged “the necessity of keeping some force on Occa- 
cock island, otherwise our trade will be annihilated.”2 Never, 
however, does he seem to have used forceful language or strong 
arguments in the few opinions which he expressed. 

Very different was Andrew Steuart, who was courageous 
enough, or perhaps foolhardy enough, to say just what he 
thought. A firm believer in the freedom of the press, he did 

1 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 25 July, 1777. 

3 Tbid., 10 April, 1778. Upon another occasion (25 September, 1777) he ex- 
pressed his regret at the drowning of Richard Blackledge, who had been carrying 
on the public salt works of the state. A month later (31 October, 1777) he wrote 


a brief article consoling the widow of General Nash, an officer who had been killed in 
the battle of Germantown, upon the loss of her husband. 


[ 36 ] 


Nortu Carotina Newsparers BEerore 1790 37 


not see why he should be restrained in his criticism. His paper 
for 12 February, 1766, contained an article which was more 
like an editorial than anything else appearing in a North Caro- 
lina news-sheet before 1790: 


The Printer hereof cannot help observing to the Publick, 
that he is at present in a very disagreeable Situation. At the 
earnest Desire, or rather stern Command of the People, he has 
endeavoured, with great Difficulty, to carry on a News Paper, 
well knowing that that Province that is deprived of the Liberty 
of the Press, is deprived of one of the darling Privileges which 
they, as Englishmen, boast of. . . . The Consequence has 
been, that, for publishing a Letter from a Gentleman at Tar- 
borough, (who no doubt tho’t that he was as much entitled to 
the Liberty of the Press, and making his Sentiments thereby 
known to the Public, as any other Man) he has been Threatened 
with a Horse-Whipping: . . . and doubtless he would have 
run some Hazard, had he refus’d inserting that very letter 

. What Part is he now to act? . . . Continue to 
keep his Press open and free and be in Danger of Corporal 
Punishment, or block it up, and run the risque of having his 
Brains knocked out? Sad Alternative. . . . One Thing 
he has long ago resolved on, viz. That as he looks upon himself 
to be a freeborn Subject, no Man shall ever Horse whip him, if 
it is in his Power to prevent it ; and when ever any such Threats 
are made toward him, he’ll take Care to be on his Guard. 


This statement and others of Steuart are mild when compared 
with the bitter attacks made on individuals and on the colonial 
governments in such papers as The New-York Weekly Journal 
of John Peter Zenger and The Massachusetts Spy of Isaiah 
Thomas. They are, however, more forceful than any other 
expression of editorial opinion in North Carolina before 1790. 
It was because of his radical policy that Steuart lost the support 
of many subscribers and was finally forced to discontinue the 
publication of his journal, . 

Adam Boyd was neither as outspoken as Steuart, nor as 
cautious as Davis. His policy, however, was more similar to 
that of the latter than to that of the former. Before 1775 he 
was careful not to go too far, although the type of news he 
printed showed clearly that he did not entirely approve of the 


38 James SprunT Historica STUDIES 


policy of the British government. Even after the Revolution 
had begun he did not express his own ideas in regard to the 
great issues at stake, but he did copy for his paper a number of 
articles which strove to justify the colonies in their revolt. 

Thomas Davis was more outspoken than his father. In his 
paper, The North Carolina Gazette, which he was publishing at 
Hillsboro in 1786, he expressed his opinions quite openly. The 
one copy preserved contains two paragraphs in the nature of 
editorials, one criticizing the legislature on account of its paper 
money policy, the other commenting on the acts recently passed 
which had confiscated the property of Loyalists. 

Francis Xavier Martin, in his North Carolina Gazette, like- 
wise expressed himself in brief editorial comments. He did not 
hesitate to inform a contributor that his verse was not fit to 
print ;3 and in the summer of 1787 he frankly discussed the 
secrecy of the proceedings of the Federal Convention, then sit- 
ting in Philadelphia. Only three issues of his paper have been 
preserved. No doubt if others were in existence they would 
show that he published his views in regard to numerous other 
matters. 

The State Gazette of North-Carolina, published at first by 
Hodge and Blanchard and later by Hodge and Wills, does not 
seem to have taken any very decided stand upon the issues of 
the day. Since it was printed during a period when there was 
great interest in problems of government, violent political con- 
troversies were waged in its columns ;° but the editors, although 
willing to include in their paper the ideas of others, were very 
cautious about expressing their own. Very rarely, however, 
they did commit themselves, as, for instance, when they printed 
a brief “Laus Deo” after the ratification of the federal con- 
stitution by the North Carolina convention of 1789,° or when 
they mildly declared that it was an excellent thing that the 
academies of North Carolina were prospering.” 

3 See above, pp. 33-34. 
411 July, 1787. 
5 See above, pp. 32-33; see also Appendix B. 


© The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 3 December, 1789. 
7 [bid., 22 October, 1789. 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 39 


Only two copies of The Edenton Intelligencer have been 
preserved, but they contain sufficient evidence to show that even 
as early as the spring and summer of 1788 Maurice Murphy, 
the editor, was in favor of North Carolina’s entering the new 
union. Murphy does not seem to have expressed his own 
opinions, but he copied articles from other journals, the mean- 
ing of which could not be mistaken. 

The one issue of The Wilmington Centinel and General 
Advertiser which is available does not contain editorial com- 
ment of any kind. It does include, however, an article “To the 
people of the state of North Carolina,” urging that the Hills- 
boro convention decline to adopt the federal constitution with- 
out amendments reserving to each state a number of rights, 
especially control over its own army, navy and mint. The arti- 
cle urges that the powers of the existing Congress be strength- 
ened, rather than that the new constitution be ratified. It is 
signed ‘“‘Honestius,” and, although probably not written by one 
of the editors, indicates that the paper was anti-federalist in 
policy. 

It is unfortunate that we have only four numbers of the 
Fayetteville Gazette. If we had more, we should probably be 
in a better position to gauge political sentiment in the state in 
1789. While the editors, Sibley and Howard, apparently did 
not express their views in regard to political matters, their paper 
is very valuable in that it contains a number of articles dis- 
cussing the advisability of North Carolina’s ratifying the new 
constitution. A series of letters to the editors in regard to the 
establishment of a religion in America; an “Extract of a letter 
from a gentleman in New-York to his friend in this state, dated 
July 29, 1789,” in favor of North Carolina’s coming into the 
union; two contributions signed, “Another True Federalist. 
Hillsborough, August 20, 1789,” opposing ratification of the 
constitution until certain amendments have been adopted—such 
articles are of great worth to the student.8 

It is possible, although not probable, that some of these essays were written 


by the editors themselves, and that fictitious names were signed to them in order 
to deceive the public. 


Vil 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


1. Description of Advertisements 


The publishers of North Carolina newspapers, in the period 
before 1790, had not learned a great deal about the art of adver- 
tising. They did, it is true, use various devices to catch the eye 
of the reader—very large lettering and italics and crude cuts 
representing houses or ships or runaway slaves. But their 
advertisements were usually very dull, mere announcements put 
together with little thought of appealing to popular fancy, more 
similar to modern English advertisements than to those of the 
United States. In this respect North Carolina printers seem to 
have measured up to the average among their American con- 
temporaries. They did not, however, compare favorably with 
a small number, such as Benjamin Franklin, who had learned 
to make such notices pithy and interesting. Moreover, they 
were not clever in placing their advertisements. Having failed 
to realize the value of sandwiching them between bits of news, 
they usually grouped them all together on pages three and four.* 

But, although not cleverly worded or well placed, the adver- 
tisements are valuable to the student. There is no other printed 
source which gives so many or so intimate details as to country 
life: the types of houses people lived in, the number of horses 
and cattle and pigs they owned, the crops they raised, and the 
number of slaves they possessed ;2 as to commerce: the number 
of ships that entered and cleared, the products they carried, 
where they went and whence they came, and how long it re- 
quired for them to make their trips; as to towns: goods on dis- 


1 Although the advertisements usually appeared only on the last two pages, they 
might be found anywhere in a paper. The total space they occupied varied con- 
siderably, but was most often from one-sixth to one-third of the total. 

2This paper does not discuss the subject of country life. While the advertise- 
ments are full of information in regard to the matter, they do not shed sufficient light 
for an adequate treatment. Furthermore, a comprehensive study of such a broad 
topic, even if it could be made from the newspapers alone, would require too much 
space for a paper of this type. 


[ 40] 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 41 


play at stores, houses for sale, plays and schools; as to printing, 
labor conditions, stealing, the value of money, the kinds of 
clothes worn—in fact, as to almost every phase of the life of 
the people. An exhaustive study of these advertisements, to- 
gether with the other sources which are available, should lead 
to interesting conclusions. The remarks which follow do not 
represent such an exhaustive study; they are intended to be 
suggestive rather than final.? 


2. Trade and Commerce 


The advertisements are full of information in regard to the 
trade and commerce of North Carolina. They indicate that 
during the quarter of a century before the Revolution her in- 
habitants, abiding by the provisions of the Navigation Acts, 
traded little or none outside the limits of the British Empire.* 
With the mother country, with the British West Indies, and 
with the other continental colonies there was an extensive busi- 
ness. Even at this time the lack of an adequate harbor was a 
serious handicap to commerce, but the ships used were so small 
that it was possible for them, in spite of the inconvenience and 
danger, to pass through the narrow and shifting channels which 
led past the bar into the sounds of eastern North Carolina, or 
to steer their way some distance up the Cape Fear, usually as 
far as Wilmington. 

There are a few notices which indicate what types of goods 
were exported from North Carolina. In May, 1778, for ex- 
ample, there was offered for sale “the Caswell, burthen 90 tons, 

now lying at Bogue inlet ready for séa with the fol- 
iheihne cargo on board, viz. 68 barrels tar, 114 do. pitch, 148 do. 
turpentine, 7 do. spirit turpentine, 3 do. of vernish, 4800 white 
oak hogshead staves, 25000 lb. tobacco, 8 barrels pork, and 
ROOO MID. biscuit...) 7 


‘The writer hopes before long to complete an investigation of economic and 
social conditions in North Carolina, 1763-1789. 

4It may be, however, that some clandestine trade was carried on which the 
papers did not tell about. A man engaged in violating the Navigation Acts would 
hardly have desired to advertise his business. 

"James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 May, 1778. 


42 James Sprunt HistoricaL STupIEs 


In regard to the types of goods which were imported, how- 
ever, the advertisements are much more explicit. Before 1775 
a number of stores in the colony kept a miscellaneous assort- 
ment of goods imported direct from the British Isles: “Just 
imported in the Snow Mary, Captain Corrie, from Leith: and 
the Ship Caesar, Captain Hume, from Glasgow; and to be sold 
by William Watkins, At his Store in Wilmington: Very good 
oznabrigs at ls. & 6d. per yard. a compleat assortment of 
checks. striped linens. . . . threads of all sorts. pistol 
lawns, plain and flower’d lawns. plain figur’d and striped gauze. 
gauze aprons handkerchiefs and ruffles. . . . sattin hats, 
cloaks and bonnets. sattin and calamancoe shoes. men’s neat 
shoes and pumps. coarse shoes. . . An assortment of very 
handsome paper hangings. one set of mape. choice hyson green 
and bohea teas. a few coils of cordage. . . iron pots. fry- 
ing pans and skillets. 20d. nails. an assortment hair cauls. rib- 
bons &c. for perukemakers. . . . Rum. sugar. molasses. 
and various other goods before imported.” For the most part 
such goods consisted of articles manufactured in England or 
Scotland, but there were also commodities from other sources 
which came by way of Great Britain or Ireland: rum, sugar and 
molasses from the West Indies ;7 tea, spices, and medicines from 
China, India and the East Indies; wine from France or the 
Iberian Peninsula, silks from France, and fine textiles from 
the Netherlands.® 

During the Revolution direct communication with Great 
Britain was cut off, and the people of North Carolina found it 
necessary to establish new trade contacts. Advertisements 
appearing in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for the years 
1777 and 1778 show that large quantities of goods were im- 
ported from France, and smaller quantities from Spain and 
the French West Indies. For instance: “Newbern, Feb. 20 
[1778]. Just arrived from Nantz, the Schooner Inconstant, 

© Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. 
™These products were brought into the colony also direct from the British 
West Indies. 


8 Tobacco seems never to have been imported, since a supply more than adequate 
was produced in the colony. 


NortH CAroLinaA NEwspaPers BEFORE 1790 43 


Capt. Vance, commander, who has imported the following cargo, 
which he will sell, for cash or produce: . . .” Although 
most of the goods which came from regions outside the British 
Empire were similar to those which had been imported from the 
British Isles before 1775, there were a number of products 
which had not been brought in extensively before: articles of 
finery and luxury such as “gold epaulets, ostrich’s feathers and 
sashes for officers, sword belts. . . , gilt and horn buttons, 
paper snuff boxes, looking glasses, combs of different kinds. 
. . , scented waters. . . , hair powder in pounds;” a most 
tempting collection of beverages: “French brandy in hogsheads, 
claret in bottles, Frontenac, Malaga and Mucadel wines &c. 
French liquors of different kinds ;” articles of food which would 
appeal to the connoisseur: “raisins in small boxes, currants in 
casks, linseed and olive oil in casks, fine, Florence oil in cases 
of 12 bottles, anchoivies in ditto, olives in ditto, capers in ditto, 
truffles in ditto, olives with anchoivies and capers, fruit pre- 
served in brandy ;” and a miscellany of commodities which were 
fancy and unusual, but which were hardly to be desired when 
even the necessities of life were scarce.® Imports before 1775 
had been largely of a different nature, articles which were useful 
rather than luxuries which appealed to the eye or to the palate. 

During the years 1777 and 1778 there was in the state a 
scarcity of certain kinds of provisions. A proclamation of the 
governor, September, 1777, prohibited the exportation of salt 
for thirty days.*%* In February, 1778, it was ordered that no 
beef, pork, bacon or salt be sent out of the state for thirty days 
in order that there might be for the armies as large quantities 
of these commodities as possible.®” A little later the ban was 
extended to include corn, peas and flour.2* And in September 
of the same year it was necessary to command that on account 
of the scarcity of provisions in the state, no beef, pork, bacon, 

®James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 7 August, 1778. These goods were 
offered for sale by Savage and Westmore at Edenton. They were typical of a 
large part of the imports of the state at the time. 

9a Tbid., 5 September, 1777. 


%> Tbid., 6 February, 1778. 
8c Tbid., 20 February, 1778. 


44 James SprunT Historicat STupDIES 


flour, wheat, Indian corn, rice, peas, or any other kind of pro- 
vision be exported for thirty days.9* When those articles nec- 
essary for a bare existence were so much needed, it must have 
seemed absurd that ships from France were bringing such 
articles as hair powder, scented waters and truffles. 

In the years immediately following the Revolution the state 
established wider commercial connections than ever before. 
She traded with the British Isles, with France, with both British 
and French West Indies, and up and down the coast. But al- 
though the ships trading with her visited more foreign ports 
than formerly, they for the most part came to ply again the 
routes which they had sailed before 1775. 

Imported goods were often disposed of at public sale. 
“Newbern, April 17 [1778]. Capt. Caillaud, late commander 
of the ship St. Germain from Cape Francois, lately stranded 
at Occacock bar, intends to sell at public vendue, the 28th inst. 
at Mr. Singleton’s wharf, the articles saved from the wreck. 

.’10 Goods thus disposed of went to the highest bidder, 
usually a merchant. Sometimes such auctions took place on 
board ship. 

Goods which had been imported usually found their way to 
stores, some of which must have been well known in their own 
sections. John Burgwyn at Wilmington, Edward Batchelor & 
Co. at Union Point [near New Bern], and Lory Brothers at 
New Bern seem to have had unusually wide reputations for 
that day. Sometimes a firm operated stores in two or more 
towns. There was, for instance, a co-partnership between 
Sutherland and Cruden at Wilmington and John Cruden & Co. 
at Cross Creek ;!1 and Scott, Irwin and Couper had stores at 
Tarboro, Martinboro and Washington.1*_ Nearly all these shops 
carried, as does the cross-roads store today, the most miscel- 
laneous assortment of commodities: shoes and olives, table linen 
and brimstone, frying pans and ribbons—almost anything, in 


od Ibid., 11 September, 1778. The proclamation provided that exception might be 
made in certain cases. 

10 Tbid., 24 April, 1778. 

The Cape Fear Mercury, 11 May, 1774. 

22 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 23 January, 1778. 


NortuH CaroLtina Newspapers Berore 1790 45 


fact, which could be sold for a profit. Very rare was the store 
which dealt only in a specialized kind of goods.1% 

Usually merchants bought their wares outright. That they 
did not always do so, however, is indicated by the advertise- 
ment of A. H. Adams, who “respectfully informs the Gentle- 
men of Newbern, and the public, that he has opened a Com- 
mission store in Pollock-street, where all kinds of English and 
West-India goods are thankfully received, and sold on the low- 
est commissions. If required, good security will be given to 
the amount of the goods.”'4 While there seem to have been 
no stores which did an exclusively wholesale business, a number 
disposed of their goods either wholesale or retail. It is prob- 
able that the majority if not all of them followed this policy. 

Most of the merchants insisted upon immediate payment 
for goods, but, since ready money was scarce, they were often 
forced to accept substitutes—as is illustrated by such phrases 
as these: “Tar, turpentine or lumber will be taken in pay- 
ment”’;15 “for cash or produce only” ;1® “for ready money or 
tobacco” ;1* “for cash or produce: no credit will be given, nor 
any goods delivered until paid for—without any exception.’ 8 
Some stores did allow credit but seem to have suffered mate- 
tially from bad debts. That this was the case is indicated by 
such a statement as this: “[ We] call on our good Friends, who 
are in Arrear to us, either by open Account, Bond, or Note, to 
make immediate Payment.”!9 North Carolinians were not 
noted for prompt settlement of their debts. 

An extensive trade in medicines was carried on: “Doctor 
Ward wishes to thank the public for the kind reception given 
to his purging cake. . . . Ward’s Anodyne Pearls 16 in a 
paper for only ls and that to be returned to any buyer who shail 
say they have not answered the character here given. 

18 JIn 1788 John Cuyler was keeping in New Bern a “Medical Store opposite Mr. 
John Green’s.”’ The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 27 March, 1788. 

14 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 
18 The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 

4¢ Tbid., 13 January, 1773. 

17 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 29 May, 1778. 


1%8The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 4 October, 1787. 
22 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 May, 1775. 


46 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


To preclude the attempts of imposture, by any imitation, Doctor 
Ward will sign his name with red ink, on every paper of printed 
directions that will be given along with them.”2° “To be Sold, 

Stoughton’s excellent London Bitters, being a grand 
Preventative against the Ague and Fever, and giving Strength 
and Digestion to the Stomach: Also some Cases of genuine 


Cordials.”’*1 “For sale, . . . Dr. Stephany’s incomparable 
gold tincture, also his infallible ague pills (sold by no other 
person in this state). . . .”’22 Most of the remedies dis- 


posed of would be considered helpful by the modern doctor, 
but some of them most assuredly would not.2% 


3. Manufacturing 


The advertisements indicate that before 1790 only a very 
small amount of manufacturing was carried on in North Caro- 
lina. Especially was this true during the colonial period, when 
the industrial revolution had not got under way, and when 
nowhere in the world had great manufacturing cities grown up. 
Even the type of manufacturing which was carried on under 
the domestic system was discouraged in America, since one of 
the cardinal points of the mercantilist policy of the British gov- 
ernment required that the cotoniés should not compete with the 
mother country in the fabrication of goods, but should rather 
furnish her with raw materials and serve as markets for the 
products of her factories. In North Carolina the towns were 
of little consequence. In regard to the piedmont and mountain 
sections, the advertisements give little or no information, but 
they show that on the plantations in the east there were saw 
mills, grist mills, and kilns for the production of naval stores, 
and that many of the slaves and white servants were skilled as 
coopers, as blacksmiths, or as workers in some other form of 

20 The Cape Fear Mercury, 29 December, 1773. 

71 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 February, 1775. 

™The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 2 March, 1788. 

3A very curious notice was the one which stated that ‘Any person that will 
dispose of their Front Teeth (slaves excepted) may receive Two Guineas for each, 


by calling on Doctor Laymeur. For further particulars enquire of the Printer.” 
Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786. 


Norru Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 47 


artisanry.24 Most manufactured articles, however, were not 
produced in the colony, but were imported. 

With the severing of commercial relations with Great Brit- 
ain in 1775 the situation quickly changed and the demand for 
certain commodities which had formerly been imported stimu- 
lated industry in various ways. North Carolina found herself 
especially in need of three kinds of fabricated goods: paper, 
cloth and iron; and in order to meet this need attempts were 
made to produce all three. The first paper mill was established 


Ri worded ae eaeemteats of the a) stating that they: 


ce 


: request the Favour of the Public and more par- 
ticularly the Mistresses of Families, and the Ladies in general, 
whose more peculiar Province it is, to save all their Rags and 
Scraps of Linen of all Sorts; old Thread Stockings, Thrums 
from their Linen Looms, and every Kind of Linen, is useful. 
As this undertaking is novel, saving Rags may perhaps be 
thought too trifling, and below the Notice of the good Matrons 
of this State; but when they consider they are aiding and assist- 
ing in a necessary Manufacture, and when the young Ladies are 
assured, that by sending to the Paper Mill an old Handkerchief, 
no longer fit to cover their snowy Breasts, there is a Possi- 
bility of its returning to them again in the more pleasing Form 
of a Billet Deaux from their Lovers, the Proprietors flatter 
themselves with great Success. . . .”25 


The spinning of thread and weaving of cloth in the household 
were encouraged, and at least one fulling mill was put into 
operation ;?6 and iron works were operated on Deep River in 
Chatham County.27 

All of these attempts at manufacturing proved abortive. 
While the war was going on, although there was a great de- 
mand for certain types of fabricated goods, the time for the 


% The advertisements make no mention of the extensive manufacturing which 
was carried on in Wachovia by the Moravians. 

25 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 14 November, 1778. 

28 This was ‘‘in Pitt county, about ten miles above Red Banks.’’ Ibid., 14 
November, 1778. 

27 Tbid., 9 January, 1778. Iron works had been in operation in North» Carolina 
2s early as 1771. Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. VIII, p. 496. There 
was also a great shortage of salt during the Revolution, although the advertisements 
do not indicate that this was the case. 


48 James Sprunt HisroricaL STUDIES 


establishment of factories was not propitious, since the whole 
economic system of North Carolina was disorganized. With 
the return of peace, when trade had largely gone back to its 
old channels, it was probably easier and cheaper to import 
goods than to make them at home. Thus the advertisements 
between 1783 and 1790 contain very little about manufacturing. 
A new paper mill was erected at Salem in 1789; and notices 
were printed in the papers by shoemakers and locksmiths.?* 
On the whole, however, the amount of manufacturing in the 
state was negligible. 

Before 1775 the advertisements give evidence of no ship- 
building.2® During and after the Revolution, however, they 
indicate that many ships were constructed. In the years 1777 
and 1778 the scarcity of certain commodities and the lack of 
vessels made it essential that boats be built for trade with for- 
eign countries. That they were built is indicated by a number 
of advertisements appearing in James Davis’s North Carolina 
Gazette. For example: “The subscriber has for sale at the town 
of Beaufort, Carteret county, a new vessels on the stocsts 
[stocks], well calculated for a fast sailer, and will be completely 
finished the 15th of May next. Her dimensions are 55 feet keel 
strait rabbet, 11 feet rake forward, 18 and a half feet beak, and 
7 feet and a half hold.’’%° After 1783 shipbuilding seems to have 
continued to be profitable, since such advertisements as the fol- 
lowing show that a number of new vessels were constructed : 
“For sale and now ready to be launched, at Bogue, a New 
Vessel, built of live oak, and cedar, of the following dimensions 
48 or 49 feet keel, 19 ditto beam, 7, 10 inch. or 8 feet hold,— 
with double bends. She will be sold cheap, for Cash, or part 
cash and the remainder in goods.’’31 


4. Labor 


The advertisements tell a great deal about labor conditions 
in North Carolina. The oldest copy of a newspaper which has 


28 Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786, The State Gazette 
of North-Carolina, 2 July, 1789. 

22 Ships were built, although the newspapers do not show that this was the case. 

3015 May, 1778. 

81 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 


Nortu CaroLtinA Newspapers BEForeE 1790 49 


been preserved, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for 15 
November, 1751, carries an advertisement that a reward will be 
paid for the return of a runaway slave, and such notices con- 
tinue to appear in large numbers all during the period studied. 
One illustration will suffice: “Newbern, June 27, 1777. Run 
away from Green Spring, near Newbern, a Negro Fellow named 
Smart, very black, about 5 Feet 8 inches high, well made, and 
very likely, speaks broken English, but very artful and insinu- 
ating. He is supposed to be lurking about Slocomb’s Creek, 
with a Fellow belonging to Mr. Almond, and a Gang of Run- 
aways belonging to the late Mr. Clear’s Estate. Whoever 
brings the said Slave to Green Springs aforesaid, shall have Five 
Dollars Reward. James Davis.” 

Notices were printed that slaves were for sale or for hire: 
“To be sold for cash or on short credit with approved security, 
Two likely, healthy, sensible negro fellows, who have been ac- 
customed to plantation business, & are well acquainted with 
every branch of it.’”83 “To be hired out by the Year or Month, 
several house servants. . . .’84 Evidence that slaves were 
being imported from Africa and from the British West Indies 
is given by such notices as this: “Newbern, December 10, 1774. 
Just imported in the Schooner Hope, Thomas Foster, Master, 
from Africa, a Parcel of likely healthy Slaves, Consisting of 
Men, Women, and Children, which are to be sold for Cash, or 
Country Produce, by Edward Batchelor & Co. at their Store at 
Union Point.’’35 

The advertisements show that there were Welsh, Irish, 
Scotch and English indented servants in North Carolina before 
1775, and that these servants, not to be outdone by the negroes, 
frequently ran away. Such persons were “Mary Kelly, lately 
from Ireland, but says she has lived 14 years in London,”%¢ 
and “William Miller a Scotchman, a taylor by trade, about 5 


32James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777. This advertisement 
continued to appear until May, 1778, the reward being raised to ten, and later to 
twenty, dollars. Apparently Smart was not recovered. 

83 The Cape Fear Mercury, 29 December, 1773. 

%4 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 6 June, 1778. 

35 Tbid., 24 February, 1775. 

38 The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 


50 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


feet 1 inch high, wearing long black hair, darkish complexion, 
24 years old, had on when he went away a brown coat, black 
sattin breeches.’’87 Of the indented servant class, the men were 
usually workers skilled at some trade, the women most fre- 
quently household servants. While there were a few of them 
in North Carolina, they were not nearly so numerous as the 
slaves. 

There were, besides these two groups, a few men who 
worked for wages. In the towns were journeymen printers, 
assistants to tailors or shoemakers, and clerks in stores; in the 
country districts were those who tended saw- or grist-mills, or 
who acted as overseers of plantations. Into the last class would 
fall the person who printed the following notice: “To the 
Landed Gentlemen. A Steady, sedate man, regularly bred to 
the farming Business, who understands the Management and 
Improvement of Farms, and every necessary Branch of Agri- 
culture, would be willing to serve any Gentleman in undertak- 
ing the Management of his Farm, or the Improvement of his 
Lands, Arable or Pasture; he is thoroughly versed in the 
Method of grazing, the Nature of rearing Cattle, and breaking 
young Horses to their proper paces fit for the Saddle, having 


had sufficient experience in England. . . . N.B. He can 
write a legible Hand, and knows the Method of Bookkeeping.”?° 
5. Travel 


The advertisements throw light upon conditions of travel 
and communication by land as well as by water. They indicate 
that before the Revolution, as early at least as 1766, the post 
was being carried over certain roads of the colony at regular, 
although infrequent, intervals. “The Wilmington Express sets 
off Thursday Morning early; and will continue to set off every 
other Thursday, for Charlestown in South-Carolina. : 
Letters, Messages, &c. must be left at the Printing-office before 
8 o’clock Wednesday Evening.’’%9 Eight years later the post 
was being carried between Wilmington and Cross Creek, al- 


37 Tbid., 29 December, 1773. 
38 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 February, 1775. 
39 Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 26 February, 1766. 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFrore 1790 51 


though only once in a fortnight.4° As to conditions during the 
Revolution, the advertisements tell nothing. But they do show 
that after 1783 the mail service was better than it had ever been 
before. By the Continental Post mail was being carried in 
1788 between New Bern and Wilmington, twice a week from 1 
May to 1 November, and three times a week from 1 November 
to 1 May. During the same year the post seems to have gone 
west from New Bern once every two weeks.#1 

There were notices in regard to stage coaches—none before 
1789, but a few in that year. The only stage route mentioned 
was that from Washington to Edenton and Suffolk. It will 
suffice to quote one of these notices: “This is to inform the 
public, that the Mail Stage will leave Captain Kocke’s tavern 
in Edenton for Suffolk, on Mondays and Thursdays, and will 
return on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Those gentlemen that 
please to favour this undertaking with their patronage, will 
apply to Capt. Kocke in Edenton, and Mr. John Rayborn in 
Suffolk, who will receive their freights, and baggage committed 
to their charge will be duly entered on the stage bill, and for- 
warded agreeable to directions; and as the stage sets out by 
four o’clock in the morning, it is hoped that Gentlemen will 
send their baggage and enter the evening before, which will 
greatly oblige the public’s most obedient humble servant, Rich- 
ard Townes.’’42 

Along the roads and in various towns were inns at which 
the traveller might stop. “Robert Egan Informs his friends 
and the public in general, that he has removed from the house 
he lately occupied, to the noted tavern formerly kept by Captain 
Kock, where he proposes, as usual, to keep A House of Enter- 
tainment. . . . Horses and carriages to hire. . . . Eden- 
ton, December 20, 1748.”48 Although the advertisements men- 
tion such taverns as existing only in Fayetteville, New Bern and 
Edenton, they were kept in other towns and in the country 
districts. 


40 The Cape Fear Mercury, 11 May, 1774. 

41 Martin's North Carolina Gazette, 19 December, 1787. 
“The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 18 June, 1789. 
43 Tbid., 25 December, 1788. 


52 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


6. Immigration and Emigration 


The advertisements give a few scattered, but very interest- 
ing, bits of information in regard to the movement of people into 
and out of North Carolina. That negro slaves were brought in 
from Africa and from the West Indies, and that indented ser- 
vants came from Great Britain, has already been indicated. There 
are also other notices about immigration: “Newbern, December 
24 [1778]. Hamilton Ballantine late of the island of Jamaica, 
attorney at law, acquaints the public that he purposes to reside 
in this State. . . .’44 “Betty Trippe and Daughter, Just 
from Philadelphia, Beg leave to inform the gentlemen and 
ladies in Newbern, that they have just opened Shop in Front- 
street, near the Palace, at the house of William Tooley, where 
they carry on the business of Tayloresses, Mantuemaking and 
Millinery, and seemstry of every kind.”4> “John Frazel, Begs 
leave to inform the public that he has engaged with William 
Lowther, from London, Gunsmith and Locksmith, and proposes 
carrying on those businesses ; together with his own of A Black- 
smith.”46 These and similar notices tell a great deal about the 
type of people entering the state. 

Likewise something, although very little, is told about the 
great movement to the west and southwest which, beginning a 
few years before the Revolution, came by 1815 to be a great 
drain on the population of North Carolina and a serious obstacle 
to her economic development. In 1777 the state of Georgia 
advertised in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette*" that, in 
order to encourage settlers to come in, she would give “Five 
hundred Acres of Land for every Head of a Family, and Fifty 
acres for every white Person belonging to the same, and also 
Fifty Acres for each Negro, not exceeding ten in Number.” 
A decade later, when a stream of emigrants was flowing steadily 
from North Carolina into Kentucky and Tennessee, a notice 
appeared in The State Gazette of North-Carolina*® that: “The 


44 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 9 January, 1778. 
4° The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 7 February, 1788. 
48 Tbid., 2 July, 1789. - 

4724 October. 

4818 December, 1788. 


Nortu Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 53 


public are informed, that the New Road from Campbell’s Sta- 
tion, at the lower end of Clinch Mountain, to Nashville, was 
opened on the 25th of September (as advertised) and the guard 
attended at that time to escort such persons as were there ready 
to proceed to Nashville: That about 60 families appeared and 
went on, among whom was the widow and family of the late 
Brigadier-General Davidson and Sumner. i 


7. Towns 


Much information is given in regard to towns and town life. 
Of houses and lots for sale there are a number of notices, some 
of which give fairly comprehensive descriptions of the property 
to be disposed of: “Wilmington, January 15th, 1766. To Be 
Sold, or Let, The House and Lot now occupied by Robert 
Wales, a little below Mr. Purviance’s Tar-House: The House 
is new and well built, 36 Feet by 24, not quite finished in the 
inside, fronting Front street, running down to the Water, where 
may be built a very commodious Wharf, with a very small 
Expence; the Lot is 66 Feet front. . . .”49 “On Wednes- 
day the 3d of January will be sold at public vendue, at the 
dwelling-house of the deceased Mr. Timothy Clear, in New- 
bern, The Household Furniture belonging to said estate, con- 
sisting of mohogony chairs, tables, and bedsteads, &c. &c. fifteen 
hogsheads of West India and New England Rum, a quantity of 
Indigo, Molasses, loaf and brown Sugar, cotton and wool 
Cards.”’5° Notices of the kind were printed from Wilmington, 
New Bern, Edenton, Murfreesborough and Windsor. 

Most of the towns were growing rapidly and offered a 
chance for profits from the sale of real estate. Lots were 
offered for sale in towns which were already established; and 
one man, James Campbell, was so impressed with the possibili- 
ties that he attempted to build up an entirely new community : 
“Notice. The Subscriber proposes to form a New Town, by 
the Name of Campbellsburgh; situate on the West side of 
Chowan River, between Thomas Cochran’s and said Campbell’s 

49 Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. 


- % James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 22 December, 1775. 
& 


54 James Sprunt HistortcaL STupDIES 


on the place formerly called the Old Tar Landing, in Bertie 
County, North-Carolina. . . . There will be immediately 
laid off One Hundred Lots of Half-Acres each joining the River 
and continuing outwards from the River, with the Streets run- 
ning North and South, East and West in Squares; the Price 
will be Five Pounds Paper Currency per Lot; there will be 
Fifty Acres laid off for a Common for said Town. . . .751 

Notices printed in the newspapers indicate that Edenton in 
1789 possessed a government which was active in trying to better 
living conditions. In order to lessen the danger from fire, it 
was ordered that all chimneys which had been improperly built 
be altered.52 Measures were taken to restrict trading by 
negroes: “Public Notice. The inhabitants of the town of Eden- 
ton being determined, after the 5th of August next, to take up 
all negroes bringing or exposing anything for sale, or purchas- 
ing any kind of goods, or trafficking in any manner whatever, 
without a permission in writing (expressing the articles exposed 
for sale, and those wanted to purchase) from their master or 
mistress—hereby give notice that all those who transgress may 
depend on being prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the law.”5* 
Complaints were made that the streets were crowded with 
negroes on Sunday afternoon; to which one of the commis- 
sioners replied that it was the duty of the magistrates rather 
than of the commissioners to attend to the matter.54 

No theatrical performance is referred to in the newspapers 
before 1788. About that time, however, groups of players began 
to visit the towns of the state. Wilmington and New Bern 
possessed theatres, while Edenton saw plays in her court- 
house.5> Examples of advertisements of the theatre are these: 
“Newbern, March 27, [1788]. This evening will be presented 
at the theatre in this town, Dr. Young’s celebrated Trajedy 
called the Revenge. To which will be added a comic opera, 


5\ The Edenton Intelligencer, 9 April 1788. 

@ The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 5 February, 1789. 
58 Tbid., 30' July, 1789. 

54 Tbid., 13 August, 1789. 

58 Tbid., 3 November, 1788. 


Norte CaroLtina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 55 


called the Poor Soldier.”5* “On Monday evening, the 13th inst. 
[June, 1788] the Theatre in Newbern was opened by Mr. 
Kenna’s company of Comedians, with the trajedy of Isabella, _ 

- or the Fatal M. arriage. Mrs. Kenna, in the character of Isabella, 
gave the most universal satisfaction to a polite and genteel 
audience, many of whom in pearly drops testified that their 
hearts were sensibly touched with those tender feelings which 
her inimitable powers always must inspire. . . . The lov- 
ers of the Drama are informed, that it is expected Mr. Kenna’s 
company of comedians will, in the course of a few days, open 
the Theatre in this town.’”®7 


8. Education 


A few of the schools which existed in North Carolina before 
1790 are mentioned in the advertisements. In education New 
Bern seems to have been the leading town. It possessed 
a public schoolhouse which was rented out to persons de- 
siring to teach; and between 1774 and 1788 no less than eight 
different men gave notice that they intended to give, or were 
actually giving, instruction.’ For example: “Newbern, Au- 
gust 4, 1774. The Subscriber takes this Method to inform the 
Public, that he has just opened School in the public School- 
House of this Town, where he proposes to teach, at Sixteen 
Shillings per Quarter, Reading, Writing, Cyphering, Naviga- 
tion, and Surveying; . . . and Algebra, Euclid’s Elements, 
Latin and Greek, at Eighteen Shillings. . . .”59 

In 1778, because of the fact that France was aiding the 
colonies in their struggle against Great Britain, there was great 
interest in all things French. In New Bern at least two men 
gave instruction in the French language. One of these was 
“Gasper Beaufort, from Philadelphia,’ who advertised “that 
on Monday next he proposes opening a school in this town, 
at the house of Widow . . . [?] to teach the French 
tongue ; to read, right [sic], and speak it grammatically. Gen- 


56 Tbid., 27 March, 1788. 

31 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. 
58 Not all of them taught in the public schoolhouse. 

59 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 2 September, 1774. 


° 


56 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


tlemen and ladies that please to favour this undertaking may 
depend on his greatest care and assiduity. His price will be 
thirty shillings per month. He also proposes to attend any 
gentlemen or ladies at their own houses in the evening for the 
above purpose.’’®° The project did not turn out as well as had 
been expected. The next week the would-be-teacher, whose 
feelings seem to have been hurt, gave notice that: “As Mr. 
Beaufort has attended at the house mentioned in his former 
advertisement, and has not met with such encouragement as he 
deserves, in teaching the French [sic], he intends to continue 
but one month if no better encouragement; he hopes such gen- 
tiemen and ladies that intend to be taught that useful and 
genteel language, will not neglect this opportunity, as he is 
wanted where he may have encouragement suitable to his 
merit.”®! Beaufort probably did not meet with “encourage- 
ment suitable to his merit,” for three months later another per- 
son, George Harrison, was advertising for pupils to be instructed 
in French. 

There were notices*? of academies in Perquimans County, 
in Granville County, at Warrenton, and at the house of Rev. 
James MacDougal, “17 miles above the town of Halifax.”6 
The advertisement of Warrenton Academy, appearing in the 
fall of 1788, is worth quoting: “The Trustees give notice, that 
on the lst Monday of October next, the academy will be opened 
under the direction of a gentleman. . . . The price of tui- 
tion will be five pounds Virginia money, and of boarding and 
washing in genteel private houses, twenty-five pounds; or by 
gentlemen keeping public houses eighteen pounds, like money 

the students to live in houses detached from the public 
houses, and in both cases to find their own lodging. The cur- 
rency of the state will be taken at its real value. One half of 
the board and tuition must be advanced half yearly.” 


© Ibid., 6 March, 1778. 

“1 Tbid., 13 March, 1778. 

2 Aone of these notices was printed before 1788. 

63 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 22 January, 1789; 24 December, 1789; 
8 September, 1788; 1 October, 1789. 


Nortu Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 57 


9. Publication and Sale of Books 


Some of the newspaper publishers attempted to add to their 
incomes by the printing of books. Before 1783, although 
Andrew Steuart seems to have published a book or two, nearly 
all the printed works came from the press of James Davis. 
The first which he turned out, and the first to make its appear- 
ance in North Carolina, was “A Collection of All the Public 
Acts of Assembly of the Province of North Carolina,” pub- 
lished at New Bern in 175185, From that year until 1775, with 
one exception, no book from Davis’s press was advertised in 
his paper.®6 

When the Revolution began there was a larger demand for 


reading matter. During the year 1775 alone Davis published O) 


and advertised for sale no less than seven books and pamphlets. 
There was: “price eight coppers. . . . The first Book of 
the American Chronicle of the Times. . . . Specimen of 
the Work. Chap. I. 1. And behold! when the Tidings came 
to the great City that is afar off, the City that is in the Land 
of Britain, how the Men of Boston, even the Bostonites, had 
arose, a great Multitude, and destroyed the Tea, the abominable 
Merchandize of the East, and cast it into the Midst of the 
Sea. . . .7’6% Besides this Davis printed: “Extracts from 
the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Con- 
gress, held at Philadelphia, on the Fifth Day of September, 
1774. . . ,” the price of which was two shillings ;68 “The 
Office “and Authority of ‘a Justice, of Peace. . . 73 “Dhe 
speech of the Right Honourable Earl of Chatham, in the House 
eilards, on January 20) 0775.) \..:.). 2389 “They Crists A 
Periodical Paper lately published in London, in 8 numbers” ;7° 


<S) 


and “The Journal of the Provincial Congress, Lately held at , 


@ Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 59, 60-61. 

65 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 November, 1751, 

During this period Davis, although he did not mention them in in his paper, 
was actually turning out a number of works, the most numerous of which were 
the journals of the two houses of the legislature. Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 53-62. 

67 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 February, 1775. 

6 Tbid., 24 February, 1775. 

6 Tbid., 16 June, 1775. 

70 [bid., 14 July, 1775. 


58 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STupIES 


Hillsborough.”’71_ In the years 1777 and 1778 Davis’s press 
continued to be active. He printed, besides the acts of the 
assembly and the journal of the provincial congress at Halifax, 
the “Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between 
the thirteen united colonies” ;72 the “Treaty of Friendship and 
Alliance Concluded between France and the United States” ;73 
“The Rudiments of the Latin Tongue. . . . By Tho. Rud- 
diman, M.A.”’;74 and “Dyche’s Spelling Book: or A Guide to 
the English Tongue.’’*> 

After the Revolution works of a more varied nature than 
ever before were published in the state and advertised for sale. 
Some of these were: “the Independent Citizen, or the Majesty 
of the People,” a pamphlet which attacked the powers of the 
general assembly and which had been reprinted from Martin’s 
North Carolina Gazette ;"° Iredell’s Revisal ;77 a History of the 
American Revolution, by David Ramsay ;78 a History of the 
Rise, Progress and Establishment of the Independence of the 
United States of America, by William Gordon, D.D.;*9 Human 
Nature in Its Fourfold State, by Thomas Boston.®° 

Besides the books which were published in the state after 
1783, a number were imported and advertised for sale. “Lord 
Lyttleton’s history of Henry IId, 4 vols.”; “Gordon’s Gram- 
mar”; “Newton on the Prophets”; “Laws of the Admiralty, 2 
vols.”; “Blackstone’s Law Tracts, 2 vols.” ;81 “Almanacks” ;82 
“Observations on the new constitution. . . , by a Colum- 
bian patriot’ ;88 “Hutching’s map of the interior parts of the 
United States’ ;84 ‘“Ashe’s Commercial Institutes”; “Clarke’s 

71 [bid., 6 October, 1775. 

72 Ibid., 2 January, 1778. 

3 Ihid., 29 May, 1778. 

™ Tbid., 28 August, 1778. 

™ Toid., 7 November, 1778. 

76 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 

17 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 8 September, 1788. 

78 Tbid., 9 January, 1789. 

™ [bid., 2 April, 1789. 

80 Tbid., 16 April, 1789. 

81 Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786. 

82 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787. 


33 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. 
84 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 7 February, 1788. 


NortH CAroLinA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 59 


Introduction to the making of Latin”; “The New-England 
Primer improved” ;85—these were a few of the volumes 
advertised.8® 

The existence of a few private libraries is indicated by the 
advertisements. Martin Howard, before leaving the state in 
the summer of 1777, offered for sale “a Variety of Books in 
Law, History, &c.” ;87 and there were several other notices of 
“a small library of books,”88 or of “some books of law and 
divinity.”8® But, although a number of collections of books 
did exist in North Carolina, they were not frequently men- 
tioned in the newspapers.®° 


In many other ways the advertisements prove themselves a 
most valuable source of information. They include notices that 
articles have been lost or found or stolen, that horses have 
strayed from their owners, that men will not pay debts created 
by their wives who have “eloped from their bed and board,” 
that letters are unclaimed in the postoffices, that claims against 
estates must be filed—notices in regard to the most varied phases 
of the intimate life of the people of North Carolina. Very few 
indeed are the aspects of this life which are not touched upon in 
one phase or another. 

85 Tbid., 8 September, 1788. 

86 Tt is possible, although the advertisements do not show that this was the case, 
that some of these books were printed in the state. 

81 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777. 

88 [bid., 12 September, 1777. 

89 Tbid., 12 December, 1777. 

* For further information on the subject of libraries and the publication and 


sale of books, see Weeks, S. B., Libraries and Literature in North Carolina in the 
Eighteenth Century. 


APPENDIX A 


A List or NortH Carotina Newspapers PuBLisHED BEFore 1790 WuicH 
ARE PRESERVED’ IN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY or NorTH 
CAROLINA OR IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE NortH CARO- 

LINA HistToricAL CoMMISSION 


a. Original in U. N. C. Library. 

b. Original in Historical Commission. 

x. Photostat copy in U. N. C. Library. 

y. Photostat copy in Historical Commission. 

THE NORTH CAROLINA GAZETTE (NEW BERN) 
Day and 

Year month Number Remarks 
1751S. Noss. Guan i oe a bxy. Mutilated. 
GiZ522)E(Mara6ir)) oe (31 ?).bxy. Mutilated. 
NA SZ ee. Mar gaa. pay Ae bxy. 
VAS Bien Chatly dit) ae: (?)e2.. bey, Pp. 1 & 2 missing. 
IV Gy AEs Avprililiss somes LOS a xy 
57 Sho) ait Oct Sw oeee 200........xy 
(Cio) ee, EY el aE Gp yeah Pp. 3 & 4 missing. Mutilated. 
V4 ofs\pe aan (Gr) ea @ Nee ee (Gis) eee ops<iz Mutilated. 
176B. e233 une 24 ee ee Sve Snel! xy 
T7698. Nowe Oe (fe icern eek xy. 
VATA! July SEs eee (Ghi9)) FEES 9,2 Pp. 1 & 2 missing. 
V7 fA ey Sept/2aneina:: 237s xy 
7/7 (ayaeantl Heb. 2a SIZ eee xy 
UG /f fone Niarsi24 Sula S1Gre as xy 
IGS 2S ee WN ove ¥ Aut ele, BAIR SLs ee xy 
L775 Miany 15 Sat oo esa S22 REN xy 
775 ee May alZeeeses S25RLAE xy 
IAC faye elie juneloweee S25e y 
EASY June SOM eee S50 ae xy. 
WALES Waly (ieee ee Sole xy 
LA Joye July ieee OB Viz se xy 
VA SARA Oct Gees 344o xy. 
dose ID) ec! 22a ear (Gr taay, Pp. (1&2?) missing. Mutilated. 


A complete file (ay), July 4, 1777, to Nov. 30, 1778, inclusive, (nos. 
383 through 456) except: no. 407, Dec. 19, 1777; no. 417, Feb..27, 1778; 
no. 420, Mar. 20, 1778; no. 424, Apr. 17, 1778; no. 451, Oct. (23 or 24?), 
1778; no. 452, Oct. (30 or 31?), 1778. (No. 398, Oct. 17, 1777, lacks 
p. 1&2. There is a supplement of 1 page to no. 401, Nov. 7, 1777. No. 
450, Oct. 16, 1778, is mutilated, lacking the greater part of pp. 3 & 4.) 


1 April, 1927. 
[ 60] 


<< 


' 


Nortu CaroLina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 61 


NORTH-CAROLINA GAZETTE (WILMINGTON) 





Day and 
Year month Number Remarks 
17652222. INOVU27 Senn he Or eee xy. A “continuation.” 
TAGE .!.:. RlebrtZ oe 74 eee xy. Pp. (3 & 4?) missing. 
17O6)-...... Hebsy222 2b 7p ONS xy 
THE CAPE-FEAR MERCURY (WILMINGTON) 
Day and 
Year month Number Remarks 
7 (0) 2) ae INOW 24ers. Fee xy. 
IV) Ae feck Ve sj as oa ee 1hGie ee y. Pp. 3 & 4 missing. 
iV Se Sept Z2i ava Sse ay 
V(t DectZN 23) ae 204........ xy. 
V7 Mia Taint (fa ase tee b. Pp. 3 & 4 mutilated. 
WATAL Iu leisefilte) ean (224?) b. Pp. 1 & 2 missing. Mutilated. 
77a aly eS ee 266.......-XY 
Vi ees tie bane ti LOZ eK, 
7/7/ eee INCA Ee 268........ xy 
\7/7As haere JNU ay ASE Eee 269s ee xy 
(747 a Septet her ca: PAR es xy. 
SUPPLEMENT TO THE CAPE-FEAR MERCURY 
(WILMINGTON) 
Day and 
Year month Number Remarks 
WEA Ochs. e ee. (46 ?)..a. Mutilated, 
G2202)Octi27?) AG cites a. 
(1770?) ..( Nov. 10?)........- SO a. 
Gi7702 Nov. 17 2) Gh eae Zi, 
(1770?) ..( Nov. 24?)......-.- SZ a. 
THE NORTH CAROLINA GAZETTE (HILLSBOROUGH) * 
Day and 
Year month Number Remarks 
Vicia Heb lG ce 4.20 Go) eaeay, 
MARTIN’S NORTH CAROLINA GAZETTE (NEW BERN) 
Day and 
Year month Volume Number Remarks 
WAS Jes... Tete? LR Sa LA estes SOME xy 
a7 Awe 15 TE 65) ey 
ICY Aas ss Dyan ER ee pee Se eee xy 
THE STATE GAZETTE OF NORTH-CAROLINA (NEW BERN) 
Day and 
Year month Volume Number Remarks 
Vi (Oye s, 7 Ne Taal OO es xy. 
1787-2... INOvailow. 2 TITEL i O)Syh ees xy. Pp. 3 & 4 missing. 
7. [Reba Aer ak TULL Ras) LL xy. Mutilated. 
1788........ Weta, 27. SO 103) Gates (24. EP b. 


62 James Sprunt Historicat STuDIES 


THE EDENTON INTELLIGENCER 


Day and 
Year month Volume Number Remarks 
17882 Apr, OU NA | Peas 25 xy. Spelled Inteligencer. 
1788... June 4 Iie 4.8) Susie x Spelled Intelligencer. 
THE WILMINGTON CENTINEL AND GENERAL ADVERTISER 
Year ea Volume Number Remarks 
1788........ FINE TB ee a 1 Ar 16: xy 


THE STATE GAZETTE OF NORTH-CAROLINA (EDENTON) 


A complete file (ay), Sept. 8, 1788, to Dec. 31, 1789, inclusive (Vol. 
III, no. 140, through Vol. IV, no. 208). 


FAVETTEVILLE GAZETTE 


Day and 
Year month Volume Number Remarks 
Vidoes Aig 24S ss | es eh) tid et b. 
174332 Sapna Sept jlqueosees Toph ANN ay. 
T7892 2 Septygi crn Pesce se peeeat ay. 
AGS Ochi 2 rae [eyene (Se Er ay. 


APPENDIX B 


SELECTED ARTICLES FROM NORTH CAROLINA 
NEWSPAPERS, 1787-1789 


To the collection of articles here reprinted belongs also The Inde- 
pendent Citizen, a series of essays first published in Martin's North Carolina 
Gazette, and later issued by Martin in pamphlet form (1787). That 
series, however, was included in the issue of The North Carolina His- 
torical Review for January, 1927; and to print it again would be super- 
fluous. The articles here presented begin with a reply to The Indepen- 
dent Citizen. Then follow contributions from “A Juryman” and “A 
Citizen and Soldier,’ and the answers to them. Finally come the some- 
what lengthy series of letters of “Aratus’ and the rebuttals which it 
drew forth. 

The theme developed by “The Independent Citizen,” “A Juryman” 
and “Aratus” is in general the same: that the constitution of the state 
must be strictly observed, that the legislature must be prevented from 
overstepping its rightful authority, and that the powers of the executive 
and judicial departments of government must be strengthened. So 
similar are these three articles to each other that it is very probable they 
all came from the pen of the same man. That is the opinion of the 
writer who adopted the nom de plume of “A Farmer.” The point of 
view is that of James Iredell and Archibald Maclaine, although it is 
hardly possible that either of these men was the author. 

The contribution signed “A Citizen and Soldier” is included because 
“A Farmer” thinks the writer is the same person who composed the 
other articles. It is true that the style is very much the same; but the 
subject is a different one and the ideas expressed are more radical. The 
letter was written less than three weeks after the North Carolina con- 
vention of 1788 had refused to ratify the new federal constitution, the 
author, who strongly favored the state’s entrance into the union, hinting 
in his “appeal to the minority” that force ought to be used to accomplish 
this purpose. He may have been the same man who wrote the other 
essays, but there is no conclusive evidence to show that this was the case. 


From A Yeoman} 

MR. MARTIN. 

I HAVE read the five numbers of the Independent Citizen, in your 
useful paper. Independent of the Gentleman’s learning, his letters con- 
tain a great deal of sound sense, and I must confess have awakened me 
from my dream. I had always thought that the House of Assembly 
were the Lords and Governors of the State, and superior to every other 
power; but when the Independent Citizen talks of the Majesty of the 
People and the Voice of the Constitution the Assembly appears in fact 
to be but a secondary body in the scale of government. 


1 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 
[ 63]. i 


64 James SpruntT Historicat STupDIES 


The Constitution, the supreme law of the State, has said in the 44th 
section “the Declaration of Rights is hereby declared to be part of the 
Constitution of this State, and ought never to be violated on any pretence 
whatsoever.” Now, in the Declaration of Rights, section the twelfth, it 
is said, ““No Freeman shall in any manner, be deprived of his life, liberty 
or property, but by his Peers.’ And in the fourteenth section, it is said, 
“In ALL controversies at law the trial by jury is one of the best 
securities of the rights of the people, and ought to remain sacred and 
inviolable[.]” 

When on the one hand, I look at these three articles of our sacred 
Constitution, which we have erected in blood; and after, on the other 
hand, observe several late acts of our Assembly, the members of our 
legislature appear, either to have forgot that there ever existed any such 
thing as a Constitution, or to have wilfully trampled it under their feet. 
And, here I must cordially agree with the Independent Citizen that every 
such violation of the Constitution, is treason against the state. The 
gentleman need not to have quoted any authority upon the occasion, com- 
mon sense and the Constitution tell me so. Luke Day and Shays in 
Massachusetts, openly dared to disturb the public peace and to create 
insurrection—these men no doubt were guilty of treason—they com- 
plained of grievances which were not redressed and they boldly took up 
arms—while I hate the treason, I love the traitors for their openness 
and generosity. But here, under the mask of sound policy, under the 
aim of authority our legislators damn the Constitution and trample the 
Bill of Rights under their feet. With the /ndependent Citizen, I must 
agree it 1s rank treason. 

The Independent Citizen appears to be a man possessed of warm and 
enlightened notions of freedom: but when he says that the legislature 
cannot be sued, that damages cannot be recovered of them, that they 
cannot be beheaded (alluding to Charles the first) I disagree with him 
so far, for in the the [sic] twenty third session [section] of our glorious 
Constitution, it is said, “That the Governor or other officers, offending 
against the State, by violating any part of the Constitution, maladmin- 
istration or corruption may be prosecuted on the impeachment of the 
General Assembly, or presentment of the Grand Jury of any court of 
superior jurisdiction in the state.” From hence though a plain, unlet- 
tered man, I would infer three things. 

First, That every member of the Assembly is liable to be impeached 
by a future Assembly, or, secondly presented to the grand jury, for 
infringing an article of the Constitution, or thirdly, amenoble [sic] to 
any hereafter convention of the people. 

The Independent Citizen says in his fifth number, that he will not 
allow himself to be a dupe of opinion, or so far tied down to the strict 
letter of the law, as not to admit that from the necessity of the thing, 
the trial by jury may in some cases be dispensed with, and he quotes 
instances of the courts conscience of Georgia and Virginia. But here I 
disagree with him, and I will explain myself. The courts of conscience 
in Georgia and Virginia were established prior to the revolution, and as 
in each of these states the trial by jury is declared to be a fundamental 


Nortu Carotina NewspaPers BEFore 1790 65 


law, no further power can be given to these extraneous courts. Prior 
to the revolution, a single justice in this State had only jurisdiction to 
the extent of forty shillings, (1762, c. 2, s. 17) and as the Bill of Rights 
succeeded and declared the trial by jury to be sacredly had in all cases 
whatever, no trial without a jury, beyond forty shillings can be had in 
any case, without infringing or violating the Constitution. I am there- 
fore of opinion, that the £5 law, the £10 law and the £20 law, are all 
equally illegal and unconstitutional. 

If the General Assembly will trifle with the Constitution in one 
instance, they may equally do so in another. No line can be drawn, the 
cloud which arose from the sea no bigger than a man’s head may carry 
the tempest in its bosom. But I would recommend to the justices, who 
seem to be the men that are grasping after the phantom of authority, 
not to trample on the Constitution for the attainment of their wishes, but 
to call a Convention. Here they may lay their views before the people 
at large, and perhaps gain their ends by honorable means, Should they 
persist in their distracted career, the Majesty of the people will one day, 
Snatch from their hand the sceptre & the rod, 

Bejudge their justice, be the god of god. 

I am with much respect, 

Sir; 


Your much instructed and obedient, humble servant, 


A YEOMAN. 
Westfields, near Salisbury, July 30. 


From A Juryman} 
For the Edenton Inteligencer. 
Mr. Murphy. 


In your Paper of the 9th of January last, I read an Ordinance of the 

General Assembly, in favor of Thomas Vail. —The resolution of this 
Assembly did not at that time make any impression upon my mind 
more than other incidents in the passing current of the day. 
But my surprise was great, when on the return of our members I was 
told that the Depositions which were taken for the purpose of a New- 
Trial, were Ordered to be entered on the Journals—that a memorial was 
handed to the House against his Hon. Judge Spencer, which had nearly 
drawn on an Impeachment against him—And still more was my wonder 
increased, when one of the Gentlemen who had attended the Assembly, 
insinuated somewhat roundly—that Mr. Vail had acquitted himself with 
honor. 

I entertain no doubt, but that the Gentlemen who signed the Petition 
for Mr. Vail, were actuated from motives of the purest humanity, in pro- 
curing some indulgent step, at least to moderate the harsh sentence of 
the Law. But where was the necessity of a Prayer to the Legislature, 
when a legal mode of application to the Executive lay open to them, and 


1The Edenton Intelligencer, 9 April, 1788. 


66 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


that not difficult of access? Where was the necessity of introducing 
depositions (as they are called) of Record to wound the dignity of 
judicial proceedings? Where was the necessity of procuring a witness 
to draw a veil over common notoriety, or to stamp credit where none 
was necessary?—-Where was the necessity of importing a high misde- 
meanor in office to the Clerk and the first officers of the State? Or 
where was the necessity of impeaching in an improper form, the sacred 
Record of a Court of Justice, and challenging an authority paramont to 
the Laws of the Land. 

For it is certain —— that the... [?] was illegal and unprecedented. 
—It is certain, that the Clerk of the Superior Court is a Gentleman, and 
that his Honor Judge Spencer, conducted himself with his usual repu- 
tation. It is certain that any depositions which were taken, were alto- 
gether ex parte and in a corner—It is certain, that the Witnesses have 
outstepped modesty—It is undubitably certain, that the Verdict, Guilty 
of passing the Note knowing it to be Forged, was enregistered in a 
formal solemn and sacred manner.—And it is equally certain, that the 
then Governor would not have risqued his popularity in refusing a Par- 
don against the pressing prayer of Gentlemen so highly respectable as 
many of the petitioners were. 

Allow me to call your attention to the proceedings of the House on 
this business—they invelop three matters of the greatest moment to 
every Citizen of the State. 

lst. The unconstitutional usurpation of the Legislature on the 
Judiciary. 

2d. The impeachment of the sacred character of a Judge, and 

3dly. An attack upon the momentous Palladuim of our Liberties, 
the Trial by Jury. 

It is unnecessary to trouble you with the Petition or the Address to 
the House by the presenting member,—but listen to the Resolution. 

“Whereas it has been represented to the General Assembly, and 
“confirmed by se-several [sic] depositions, and those of Record, and by 
“the testimony of the Sheriff, who was present at the Trial, “that Thomas 
“Vail, of the County of Chowan, has been indicted in the Superior 
“Court of Law and Equity, for the District of Edenton, for Forging 
“and Publishing knowing to be Forged, in November, 1786, an Obli- 
“gatory Note, and that on the Trial of the said indictment The Jury 
“found him not Guilty; yet, by some accident the said Verdict was .. . 
“[?] and whereas it appears that the said Vail, has heretofore supported 
“a fair and unblemished character.” 

I shall pass over the Blunders in the Petition and the Ordinance of 
the House, in point of Grammar and Technical expression. In Zeal it 
abounds, and candor might say, that the Gentlemen who forwarded the 
Business were in a hurry.—There is nothing like Dispatch of Business, 
answered the raw Hunter (on striking the Hare with his whip) to the 
Master of the Hounds:—But shall we Mr. Printer, be whipped out of 
our Liberties, and shall Judges be abused because good meaning men are 
in a hurry. 


NortH CaroLtina Newspapers Brerore 1790 67 


Under your favor, Mr. Printer, permit me to lay before the Public, a 
few animadversions upon the glaring Attack made by the Assembly on 
the seperate and Independent Rights of the Judiciary, involving in its 
usurpation the most destructive consequences ;—Upon the upright con- 
duct of his Honor Judge Spencer, who sat on the Trial, with Dignity and 
Impartiality—and upon the Verdict disagreed on by the Jury. 


A JURYMAN. 


From A Citizen and Soldier 


To the People of the District of Edenton. 
My Friends and Fellow Countrymen, 


The hour fast approacheth when the trumpet of calamity will reach 
you. After having unequivocally experienced the impotent feebleness 
of confederate America, an efficient government was offered to you; 
which with disdainful scorn, a majority in Convention has treacherously 
rejected. 

I already conceive from my own knowledge, and your well approved 
attachment to good government, that you are at a loss to discover, the 
best remedy to extricate us from our present forlorn condition,—I am 
apt to presume that you are bewildered in your thoughts of the future; 
and with confidence I hope, that with indignant pride, you feel the fatal 
blow that your unhappy country has suffered. Be assured I am no 
stranger to such feelings; my mind has been on the rack of torture to 
vent itself to you—my heart hath bled for you, without an ability to 
express the language of expedience, or wisdom.—I have often been led 
to suppose, from the suggestions of timidity, that things would come 
about and times turn better of their own accord. But this is the lan- 
guage of despair; this is the fainting hope of the dispirited authority; 
this is the whining of a schoolboy to the relentless tyrant: This is pray- 
ing to Jupiter, without putting our shoulders to the wheel. 

Trust me, my fellow countrymen, I have no design in addressing you 
but for our mutual good. I am equally to enjoy or to suffer with you. But 
the God of fate hath blown a blast inimical to our salvation—The sun 
of North-Carolina hath already set—Clouds and thick tempest compasses 
[sic] and we are the weary wanderer in midnight darkness. 

My present object is, with modest diffdence, to suggest to you the 
necessity of an appeal to the minority of the state. I may be mistaken, 
but I address you from the fixed conviction of my soul, that you are at 
this instant a ruined people. Tyranny and oppression may with tardy 
step approach you, but anarchy and confusion are at hand. The con- 
sequences, which in all human probability, must await the rejection of 
the constitution are to the last degree menacing from all quarters. 

Let us endeavour to draw the curtain of our fate, let us hold the 
mirror up to nature—Let us discover the accursed authors of our misery; 
let us with undaunted stedfastness view the dreadful situation of our 


1 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 22 September, 1788. 


> 


68 James SprunT Historicat STUDIES 


country. Let us examine her wounds; and let us then see, if there is 
no balm in Gilead, if there is no healthful restorative to revive her 
decayed vigour. 

While with the love of a brother I expect you will pardon my rash- 
ness, in attempting a subject of such momentous consequence, allow me 
to call upon you all to offer your mite, in the same blunt manner with 
myself. Let us communicate freely our sentiments to the world and to 
one another. 

The indignant feelings of a mind unacquainted with reproach hath 
roused me to address you.u—Will you permit a soldier who hath served 
you, who bleeds with the wounds of his country, in the hour of danger 
to come forward? Will you permit an humble citizen? and who in each 
respect, in the hour of peace or war, will not be daunted by the arm of 
power; who is feelingly alive to the distresses of his parent; who will 
ever be bold to brand the villainy of men in office; and who as long as 
he hath a hand to act, a tongue to speak, or a heart to flutter, shall be 
ready to serve you as 

A CITIZEN and SOLDIER. 

August 20, 1788. 


From Willie Jones’ . 


Mess. Hodge & Wills, 

A SMALL pamphlet, signed, “A CITIZEN and SOLDIER,” ad- 
dressed to the inhabitants of the Edenton district, lately fell into my 
hands. I do not know who wrote it, nor where it was printed, but it 
was brought from Edenton to Halifax.—the writer asserts, that I called 
the Members of the Grand Convention, generally, and General Wash- 
ington and Col. Davie, in particular, scoundrels——To this I answer that 
I never said so of the whole, or any one of these gentlemen. I know as little 
of many of the Members of that Convention, as this angry soldier (who 
perhaps never drew a sword in the service of his country) knows of me; 
therefore it would have been wrong for me to call them scoundrels.— 
As to General Washington, I have long thought and still think him the 
first and best character in the world. As to Col. Davie, I have a per- 
sonal regard for him; I think him an honest man and a valuable member 
of the community, and I know him to be a man of genius, and knowl- 
edge in his profession. To make short of the matter, I swear that noth- 
ing can exceed the respect I bear for these two gentlemen, unless it be 
my scorn and contempt for the “CITIZEN and SOLDIER.” 

Be pleased to publish this in your paper, and you will oblige, gentle- 
men, your most obedient servant, 

WILLIE JONES. 

Halifax, October, 1788. 


1Tbid., 20 October, 1788. 

2 The pamphlet referred to obviously does not include the same material as does 
the letter by ‘‘A Citizen and Soldier’? which is printed above. In the latter article 
the writer makes no statement such as that which Jones mentions. 


NortH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 . 69 


From An Honest Man} 
To Willie Jones, Esquire. 

A PUTANIST in oaths has as little credit given to his off-hand 
swearing, as a common prostitute, when she bridles up, acts the prude 
and lectures on chastity. Your seeming scorn and spurn at the Soldier 
and Citizen, is but a poor evasion. It is true it is a clumsy performance; 
it charges heavily; stand forward, answer it, give reputation to your 
182 who negatived the learned labour of the choicest worthies of our 
Empire.—Produce to public view your thoughts, your wisdom, your 
objections to the code handed us from the Federal Convention; or like 
the grave digger in Hamlet, confess your self: Or in a manly, honest 
manner, make the best apology in your power. 

You are a member of the General Assembly, have unburthened your- 
self of the burthen of being a Councillor of the state; call together, 
embattle your myrmidons, head and command them, redress, if possible, 
your errors, bring forward a new and second Convention, and with a 
clean mouth and sweet blood, assist and support the country you have 
injured, to peace, happiness and honour; to a stand and rank amongst 
the civilized trading nations of the earth: Then you may once more be 
seated in the breast of 

An HONEST MAN. 

October 23, 1788. 


From a Member? 


Mess. HODGE and WILLS. 


In Mr. Murphy’s paper of Wednesday, the 9th of April, a person 
under the signature of “A Juryman” invokes the attention of the public 
on the proceedings of the General Assembly respecting Thomas Vail; 
he begins with marvels, and if I may be at liberty to express my senti- 
ments on them, must conclude as the great poet, with some little vari- 
ation, that they have brought forth mice. Was there a cause for wonder 
that the General Assembly should have entered on the journals the 
grounds of their proceedings, that it might redound to the satisfaction 
of any person who was inquisitive enough to read them?—As to a 
memorial that had nearly brought on an impeachment, it is equally false 
with his wonders; nor do I recollect a single recital in it that was not 
supported by undoubted proof, nor a single allusion that reflected the 
least discredit to his Honour Judge Spencer; a mistake as to entering 
the verdict and against the intention of the jury cannot be denied. And 
can it be possible that any man, who entertains a moral or political 
sentiment, who is not deluded by passion, prejudice or ignorance, will 
undertake to alledge that an entry in any proceedings should be regarded, 
though it be positively false and contrary to the intention and express 
declaration of those whom they alledge gave a sanction for it? A belief 
of this kind must at once suppose that the stroke of a pen or mistake 


1Ibid., 27 October, 1788. 
2 Loc. cit. 


70 James Sprunt Historicat STuDIES 


of a Clerk, should be validated in preference to the positive oaths of 
the jury. A person possessed with an opinion of this last, I hope will 
embrace some mode of convincing the world that their proceedings are 
infallible, which will be an illumination that they are at present at a loss 
for. He says that the interference of the legislature was illegal and 
unconstitutional. It cannot be supposed that there was any member of 
the legislature who would not promote the interest of his country, per- 
haps sooner than Mr. Juryman. What an accumulated stock of impu- 
dence must such an incendiary have?—How ought such a prophetic and 
omnipotent being’s absence be regretted in all matters of doubt and 
difficulty—one whole knowledge and genius is sufficient to preponderate 
a nation. But alas, the fault perhaps is on the side of Providence; 
though it is possible the mistake with more propriety may be charged on 
his fellow citizens, who have not penetration enough to consider him 
competent to the discharge of the public trust, otherwise they could not 
have deprived themselves of such a dictator—To convince the public that 
what he has urged is false, and designed only as an imposition, I will 
refer them to the XIXth section in the constitution and XIIth in the bill 
of rights, and then they will find that the General Assembly have done 
no thing but what they had an absolute right to do by the standard of 
our liberties—the constitution. As to impeaching in an improper forum 
(as he calls it) the records of a court of justice, he certainly at the time 
of this expression could not have possessed his intellectual faculties, for 
the court themselves set aside such entry from a full conviction that it 
was wrong, and not having it in their power fifteen hours after the jury 
were discharged to reverse it; during which space they had been subject 
to the embraces of many disingenuous and base minds, in order to dis- 
suade them from dissenting to an entry which they had done at the bar, 
before pen was put to paper, which they have deposed; and this fact is 
also corroborated by the Sheriff, who counted them after retiring. 

After these sacred truths, which many are acquainted with beside those 
who have deposed, I would ask if ten thousand men were to swear that 
they did not hear them, if it would or ought to make any difference as 
to the fact: If it was true then, it must be true now, and will ever 
remain so. There is an idea on this point that evidently appears to 
those of the smallest capacity, that his Honour Judge Spencer was not 
to blame for a thing he did not hear, and consequently the defendant not 
bound by the laws of the land for a transaction that was at least grounded 
on a mistake, or accident, perhaps at that time invisible. As to the depo- 
sitions being taken ex parte, or in a corner, it is a most eggredious false- 
hood; they were taken in open court the same term of the trial, copies 
of which, with all the records relative thereto, were transmitted to the 
General Assembly, and there acknowledged by the Clerk to be true; there 
were some taken out of court that related to the trial, it being impossible 
to have them all taken in court by reason of its being the last moment 
of the court, and there was not time. As to the gentlemen who con- 
ducted the business being in a hurry, it is as true as the other allegations 
of Mr. Juryman. Its origin before its determination was nine days, and 
then there was but one dissenting voice in the whole House of Commons, 


NortTH CAROLINA NEwspaPers Berore 1790 fA 


and that was by the mellifluous —————; it was then transmitted to the 
Senate, and the next day was concurred with by nearly the whole house. 

As to the improprieties in the resolution, I must confess the most 
superficial scholar would have discerned it, without the assistance of an 
Argus-ey’d Juryman; nor was that published a true copy of the original 
without the additional dress of the —————, who I suppose put it into 
the hands of the Printer—Permit me, therefore, Mess. Printers, with 
as little intrusion on your paper as possible, to give as compendious a 
narration, and that as strictly consistent with truth, as can be done. 

The defendant, in November 1786, was indicted in one bill which 
contained two charges, that of forging, and publishing knowing it to be 
forged; on this issue the whole subject depended. The day after the bill 
of indictment was found, the defendant being as I suppose distressed at 
the thoughts of having any charge of the kind, immediately came to 
trial without having a single witness, but rested his defence totally on 
the testimony that might be given in behalf of the state; the jury after 
the usual proceedings came to the bar and were counted by the Sheriff, 
and asked by the Clerk for their verdict; to which they answered by their 
foreman, that the defendant was not guilty of the forgery, but was guilty 
of publishing; these were the express words, the jury meaning as they 
have deposed, that the defendant had passed it to another person as it 
had passed thro’ several hands before the defendant had passed it, and 
not considering that the word guilt implied a crime. The Judge by 
hearing the word guilt mentioned, dictated to the Clerk to enter the 
verdict as guilty of publishing the bill or note knowing it to be forged— 
the jury hearing how the Judge dictated to the Clerk to enter the verdict, 
at this moment answered by their foreman that it was not their verdict 
or meaning. They not receiving any answer from the Judge (he not 
hearing them) but being somewhat confused, and thinking that it was 
entering as they intended it, and perhaps not understanding the technical 
words of it, the defendant was required to give bail, which instantly dis- 
closed to the jury how the verdict was entered. They then proclaimed 
it to Mr. Iredell, who with great emotion and his usual delicacy, earn- 
estly insisted that the Judge answered in these positive words, that he 
was alone on the bench, and would not wish to have any thing done that 
night. And I firmly believe that he was not at this moment apprised of 
the inextricable difficulties which that moment’s neglect would draw on; 
for it was impossible with any degree of propriety to rescind that entry 
the next day by the same jury. A practice of this cast would totally 
viciate the solemnity of a trial by jury, which is the only colour of 
liberty that we now possess.—lIt is notorious that his Honour Judge Ashe 
delivered his opinion from the bench in November term, 1787, that from 
the face of the whole proceedings the jury intended to acquit the defend- 
ant; but the court could not at that time go into an explanation. 

The General Assembly without doubt were convinced that the prose- 
cution was conducted with a spirit of malignity very foreign to the pur- 
pose of doing public justice, and could not deny pronouncing the defend- 
ant acquitted, and adopting such constitutional steps to their officers as 
they thought most eligible. A trial did take place which no man will 


72 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


deny, and it could not have been a nullity which the Judges themselves 
invalidated the same term. A new trial after an acquittance is unknown 
in a criminal case by the laws of the land—the indispensible rights of a 
jury, the duty of a Judge as limited by law, and the powers of a Parlia- 
ment of Assembly, are called forth on this subject as the first instance 
since the late revolution, which truly deserves the observation of the 
community. The history of each is extensive, and I hope that I shall 
hereafter be permitted to offer a few observations on the animadversions 
of Mr. Juryman, which I mean to do not without producing my authori- 
ties, that the world may be capable of forming a precise opinion, without 
calling to my aid either falsehoods of impositions, which are truly as 
unbecoming as they are unnecessary; and it is to be lamented that Mr. 
Juryman is not properly known, that the public might be able to stamp 
some credit or discredit as to his real importance, and not to skulk appar- 
ently under the ground of a Judge or other person, and offer his senti- 
ments coloured with blackness, instead of mentioning his authorities 
which might command more repute and attention; and not because he 
had perhaps been treated with deserved disrespect, set up his comments 
in opposition to the conduct of a country, which if it had treated him 
with as little charity as he had bestowed gratitude, he must long before 
this have submitted to the dire resort of perpetually soliciting a susten- 
ance from that very source, which he now has arrogance enough to 
attempt to reprobate. 


A MEMBER. 
Letters from Aratus! 


To the PRINTERS. 
No. I. 
Camden, April 20, 1789. 


HAVING some time ago perused the letters of a Juryman upon the 
constitutional powers of the legislative, executive and judicial departments 
of our government, we conceive his ideas to be apt, and that his cursory 
observations might be extended to advantage, when stript of their tech- 
nical dress. We shall therefore endeavour to enquire more minutely into 
the democratic powers of each of these three branches of our republican 
system, keeping in our view the tract of the letters above mentioned. 

At a general convention of the people, by their delegates, held at 
Halifax, in 1776, it was laid down as an express position or axiom, that 
the sovereignty of all governments existed in the people only. Tired out 
and oppressed by a distant monarch, they disentangled themselves from 
his power, and on this principle established the form of government we 
now enjoy. The territory being too extensive for the action of a simple- 
unmixt democracy, it was deemed necessary, that the people should be 
convened by their delegates in Gen. Assembly. 

A constitution being then instituted, consisting of a legislative, execu- 


1These five letters appear serially in the issues of The State Gazette of North- 
Carolina for 7 and 14 May, 4 June, 2 and 23 July, 1789. 


Nortu Carotina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 73 


tive and judicial, co evil [co-eval], co-existent, separate and independent, 
each to act in its own proper sphere and province, for the general welfare 
of the community; the convention rightly judging, that to place the 
power of government in one man, or body of men, or even in a General 
Assembly without controul, would not only be impolitic and dangerous, 
but contrary to every maxim of government laid down by political 
writers. 

To investigate our present mixt form of government, would be too 
extensive for this pa-paper [sic]|—it would be an interesting and a fine 
speculation—but as we intend to keep within narrow limits, suffer at this 
instant the executive and judicial to rest, that we may succinctly speak 
of the legislative; and here no great abilities or genius are necessary, as 
the business is simple, natural, limited and confined within written 
boundaries. 

In the monarchy of Great Britain, the prerogatives of the Prince, and 
the rights of the people, form an extensive subject for the learned, in 
precedent, usurpation or right; this with Britons is a mighty subject, yet 
to them too fine, subtle and dangerous to admit of a full investigation. 
In the establishment of our government, the forming worthies, breathing 
the sentiments, and being bred and educated under the laws of Great 
Britain, retained them in full view, in no manner yielding up their 
lineage, ancestry or laws. They proceeded to form a constitution: The 
business was already formed. 

How to get rid of the lumberment of government, a King, and at the 
same time to establish a permanent prerogative, was an arduous and 
mighty labour. Here we may, without the assumption of deep learning, 
or the taxation of pedantry, distinguish or difference the governments, 
monarchy and democracy, from each other, most essentially, in the case 
of prerogative. In a monarchy the Prince is supported by a strong 
hereditary nobility; a full and ample investigation of the prerogative 
might endanger the rights of the people. Jn a democracy, a material, 
political and essential personage is erected, and fully written and enrolled 
amongst the archives of the state, for the good, the order and pre- 
servation of the whole, in which is vested the sovereignty of the state, 
supported by those democratic prerogatives, commonly called (much 
venerated until lately) the declaration of rights and the constitution. 

Having thus in a simple manner paved our way, we will attempt to 
define and declare the order and business of the General Assembly. 
War, peace, religion, taxation, revenues, &c. &c. being not in our view, 
are intentionally omitted. 

The great extent of the state, as before set out, demanded, that the 
people should be represented by their delegates, who when elected, con- 
vened and qualified, form an essential order, the General Assembly, whose 
business it is to make rules, ordinances and regulations called acts of 
Assembly, just equal and impartial, for the safety, decency, order and 
general good of the whole people, and the honour and dignity of the 
state, perfectly consonant to the constitution, girt around and supported 
by the declaration of rights, without presuming at amplification, restric- 
tion, construction, or as the lawyers say, the equity, the spirit, but fixed 


74 JAMES SpruntT Historicat STUDIES 


and bound down by the plain grammatical expression of the words 
thereof. A deviation from this plain constitutional definition, an over- 
leaping the powers delegated, is tyranny. A deviation would be an 
assumption of power which would swallow up the democratic pre- 
rogatives before mentioned, which are beings in the people they cannot 
delegate, without a total abolition of the present form of government. 
We beg leave to observe, the sovereignty, even after delegation, and at 
all times is fixed and immovable in the people, and never is, and in no 
manner can be, in the Assembly or delegated. This definition naturally 
introduces into action the executive and judicial, and will manifest their 
independent, separate and controuling powers of efficiency and utility in 
the pure and regular government of the state; and at the same time may 
with propriety introduce a group of suppositions that will probably 
never exist; yet as they may in the rage and riot of power, the extension 
of the prospect will the better exemplify our observations in manifesting 
the controuling importance, use and powers of the executive and judicial. 

From scripture, without a taxation of impiety, we may be admitted 
to draw a precedent, which at this day of enlightened philosophy would 
make virtue stand astonished, and humanity revolt: I Saumel xv. 1. 
“Samuel said unto Saul,” verse 3, “Now go and smite Amalek, and 
utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both 
man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.” 
And in the holy bible Solomon says, “There is nothing new under the 
sun.” This if granted—let us suppose that the Assembly in the wild 
riot of power should enact, and thereby enjoin and command the execu- 
tive to draw together a strong body of men, and appoint them with all 
the habilments of war, embattle and march them into any county of the 
state, and command the Governor to smite all the inhabitants, and utterly 
destroy all they have, and spare them not; but slay both men and women, 
infant and suckling! Must this horrid law be complied with? Had the 
executive no negative, no power of action? 

This would rouse the chief magistrate to enquire and search into 
his dignity, power and authority. 

ARATUS. 


To the PRINTERS. 


No. II. 
Camden, April 20, 1789. 


It is too generally thought, that the Executive is a simple machine, 
appointed for the purpose of signing and sealing commissions, receiving 
public dispatches, to hand them to the Assembly, to act in non-essentials, 
to receive a small salary, to be called Governor or Excellency, to take 
the wall of all other citizens, and the head of table at feasts, or the lead 
on public cavalcades and processions, and on all days of ceremony and 
ostentation to be the chief figure in the group. A petty man this indeed! 

The state of this officer has always appeared to us in a more exalted 
light; to exemplify this character, let it be supposed that a body of the 
Lords and Commons of the Parliament of Great-Britain should bring in 


NortH CaroLtina NewsparPers BeEroreE 1790 7) 


a bill to repeal magna charta, the bill of rights, and totally abolish the 
habeas corpus act. Would not the bringing in of this bill be judged 
treason in the agents? Would it not be deemed a complotting and con- 
spiring the death of the King? We think we see the traitors condemned 
and dragged to condign punishment. 

Suppose the monarch deeply engaged in the plot, must and ought the 
people to be passive? The wise and patriotic would advert to first 
principles, and as in the time of Charles the first, declare the sovereignty 
of the empire to be constitutionally vested in the people, and perhaps 
for the common good, revive and act the old trajedy of regisissiation 
over again. 

We may not bring his Excellency on the political governmental stage, 
to act in stile with more and proper dignity. 

The law is passed! The county, the people and every living creature 
therein devoted! The Assembly adjourned, the traitors quietly seated 
in their habitations ! 

The Governor steps forward—a man, bold, wise, just, of an ancient 
generous lineage, learned in the laws of his country and the rights of 
man, a patriot, and one perhaps who ably aided in the formation of the 
constitution and the declaration of rights. 

The horrid bill is delivered, with the impious mandate of the Assem- 
bly! It is natural to enquire, how he would deport himself on the occa- 
sion. Would not the vain and idle character of pomp and pageantry be 
lost? Would he not clothe himself with all the powers and authority 
of the constitutional confidence and trust reposed in him? Would he 
not become active, essentially and efficiently the Chief Magistrate of the 
state? If wise, just, bold, as above related, we conceive he would retire 
to his closet, and prostrate himself before the God of governments— 
would call to his aid the wise men and elders, but more especially the 
judicial, the Judges of the land, who are bound by the same sacred oaths 
to preserve the constitution inviolate. Here is an ample field—we leave 
our countrymen room for genius and expatiation—to go further may be 
too adventurous and bold, travelling in an unexplored country, treading 
on mystic ground. We will terminate this head and venture a dogma. 
That the executive, with the advice of his Council of the State, has an 
indubitable right, and that it is his duty in the recess of the General 
Assembly, as often as the legislature shall enact laws in violation of the 
constitution and the powers delegated by the sovereignty of the people, 
either by proclamation to impede the injurious attack, or to convene a 
general convention of the state, that they may have an instant oppor- 
tunity to advert to first principles, ere the disease becomes so morbid, 
as to demand an amputation. 

ARATUS. 


No. III. 


HAVING proceeded thus far, we shall attempt an investigation of 
the third order of government; an order of the greatest consequences to 
the rights and liberties of the citizen—we mean the Judicial. An order 
often spoken of, but little understood. 


76 James Sprunt Historica, Stupies 


We wish at the formation of the constitution, its influence and pow- 
ers had been fully explained, delineated and investigated by the forming 
worthies. This prudential foresight might have preserved the reputation, 
honour and credit of the state. At least this prudence would have given 
our laws the appearance of honesty and common sense. 

Unhappily for our country, they were young in government—un- 
fledged politicians. Dependent on Great-Britain, our Assemblies before 
that period had little to do with politics or government, except now and 
then a dispute with a petty despot; of course their knowledge therein 
was limited and confused. 

It is certain they had nothing in view, but how to repel the powers of 
the Rex Basilicus of Great-Britain. This on a view of the business 
must manifestly appear to the judicious at first sight; and, if they had 
acted without the aid of the Bill of Rights and the Habeas Corpus act, 
the whole would have been (from intention or knowledge) a dead letter. 
They intended well—they were full of that spirit of liberty and virtue, 
which enlivens and gives action and energy to the patriot character: 
They deserve and truly merit our praise: They were patriots but not 
legislators: No trait of that kind of knowledge appearing in their 
composition. 

In the formation of all governments, power ought to be divided 
amongst many—there should be ponderating powers, and a power to 
preponderate. This is an essential policy, as well in all mundane as 
coelestial divisions of power. If we look at the constitution of North- 
Carolina, all power and authority, at first sight, seems vested in the 
General Assembly. But it is our business to develope that ill-founded 
opinion, by unraveling the subject in such a manner, that an error taken 
up in haste may as hastily be done away. 

In speaking of the Legislature, we took into our consideration mon- 
archy, and used analogy and comparison. The Judicial of our democracy 
runs an equal pace with a monarchical judiciary, but steps forward to 
an almost undetermined distance—not only acting in all law occurrences, 
determining meum & tuum, adjusting all difference in law and equity as 
the monarchical judiciary; but from the nature of our government, as 
may be easily deduced from the constitution itself, pro salutate reipub- 
licae, it advances higher, and becomes the equilibrium or pendulum 
thereof. 

We are well aware this doctrine will sound ruffly in the ears of many 
of our demagogues of power, who have been subverting the constitution, 
and unhinging the first principles of the common law, mounting on stilts 
Justices of the Peace, as well within court as without. And at the same 
time degrading and humiliating the learned and wise Judges of the 
superior courts of law and equity, the only bulwark the faithful lieges 
have to depend on against lawless power and usurpation. 

But as in this case we aim at explication, we shall cautiously shun 


declamation. 
ARATUS. 


North Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 Fa. 


NUMBER IV. 


THE Judicial of our state is what we shall attempt to explain, not 
simply, but to draw a full, perfect, and essential character, manifesting 
not only its civil but political agency. In this attempt we have viewed 
our subject in several lights, hoping by some fortunate stroke to have 
brought it to a just conclusion. We have wandered through a great 
extent of business, too comprehensive for the limits of this paper. We 
will confine ourselves within narrower bounds; presuming with propriety 
and system, and with the aid of the sages of the law, to analize the 
character, office, duty, and origin of a Judge of this state. This enquiry 
will, of consequence, bring into sight the Justices of the Peace; the wise, 
unconfined, and unlimited Judges of all matters of law, abstruse and 
arduous of determination, in the County Courts of Pleas and Quarter 
Sessions; presenting in comparison a gloomy contrast, expressive of the 
ill-fated condition of the jurisprudence of our country: To this dis- 
section we will adduce an auxiliary question or two, which, we conceive, 
without the drapery of a comment, will warrant what we above set down 
as a dictum, “that the Judicial, pro salute reipublica, becomes the equilib- 
rium and pendulum of our government.” 

My Lord Coke, in his proem to his 4 Repts. says, a Judge should be 
as God himself just. In the kingdom of England the Judges are always 
appointed from the learned sergeants of the law, reverend for their 
authority, learning, experience, wisdom and probity, deeply read in the 
ancient and modern laws and customs of mankind; and now by the 
judicious and wise laws of that country, placed above the licentiousness 
of power, and nobly appointed; by means whereof they may act without 
terror, in despight of public danger or private malice. 

Having taken a step to our parent country, from whence we drew 
all our sources of knowledge, wisdom, and government, borrowing from 
no servile land, we will present our countrymen with the 13th section 
of our constitution, which says, “That a General Assembly shall by joint 
ballot of both Houses, appoint Judges of the Supreme Courts of Law, 
who shall be commissioned by the Governor, and hold their offices dur- 
ing their good behaviour.” And the 23d section, “That the Governor 
and other officers offending against the state, by violating any part of the 
constitution, maladministration, or corruption, may be prosecuted on the 
presentment or impeachment of the General Assembly.” Having drawn 
the character of the Judges at Westminster, and shewn the origin and 
creation of the Judges of this state, it may be necessary to observe, 
that there is no order of men from whence they are to be chosen, nor 
quality or quantity of abilities designated. In authority, learning, ex- 
perience, wisdom, probity, and fortitude, they stand in equality. Here 
we may, without the fervor of a poet’s fancy, imagine we see them hand 
in hand, peripatetic, under some shady grove, sagely conversing on provi- 
dence, the wise order of nature, and the extensive business of law and 
government; presenting, in prospect, a more interesting portraiture than 
the sublime Shaftsbury ever drew. 

It is appointed by law, that the Judges ere they enter on their office 


78 James SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 


and duty, take two holy sacraments—an oath of fidelity to the state, and 
a comprehensive oath of duty: And that the weight of these oaths and 
holy sacraments, may be fully understood by our countrymen, it will be 
necessary and of great improvement to enquire into and point out what 
constitutes the laws of the land: —And here, without a pause, a doubt, 
or a moment’s contemplation, we answer, that Magna Charta, the many 
statutes so often adjudged and so interwoven with the common law, that 
their originals scarcely ever come in view, and which to interfere with, 
would produce most dangerous effects—the constitution and bills of 
rights entered into, ordained and constituted by the majesty and superb 
monarchy of the people in Congress assembled, at Halifax, on the glori- 
ous and important 18th day of December, 1776, are the supreme laws of 
the land, and constitute the palladium of our civil and political rights and 
liberties, irrevocable and unalterable. And we humbly think those rules 
and ordinances commonly called acts of Assembly, arising from circum- 
stances, incidents of time and necessity, may with propriety be denomi- 
nated bye or secondary laws; inferior, and to be abridged and enlarged, 
altered or abrogated as time, cause, the rural, commercial, or civil policy 
of the state may demand. And over these secondary laws, the Judges 
of the Supreme Courts of Law have an indubitable rule, as we promise 
ourselves hereafter fully to make appear. The two oaths mentioned, 
merit consideration. The one is an oath of allegiance to the monarchy 
of the people, by whom they are created, and by the Assembly nominated. 
By this oath they solemhly swear to preserve the constitution inviolate, 
under the penalty of an impeachment, as set forth in the constitution; 
and we may add, not inaptly, the odious sin of perjury. By the second 
they swear to do equal justive between man and man, civiliter, and 


between the state and man criminaliter. 
ARATUS. 


As two Jackanapes’ have attacked Aratus, he begs leave to inform 
them for fear of mistake, that he may be personally heard of by applying 
to the Printers. 


NUMBER V. 


To exemplify our position, causes us to pause. —Time, place, and 
circumstance, claim attention. 

In the eastern states, education and science, the only foundation on 
which a perfect government can be erected, have made a noble stand; 
if a performance on the subject of government, law, science, or the 
useful arts, makes its appearance, it is searched after with avidity— 
each thought is minutely investigated—it becomes a folio. 

Where the mind, or wisdom is concerned, touch the pendulum, the 
instrument is in action. There a subject, simple and unadorned, pro- 
ductive of utility, will receive all its merits. 

Seated in a country far distant from the schools of knowledge, our 
residence being amongst plain, incult, honest men, to whom we address 
ourselves, we would shun the swell of words, with the same caution as 
we would censure; but reflecting on time, place, and circumstance, we 


NortH CaArotina Newspapers BEForE 1790 79 


must bear down with a heavier hand, we must strike with a bolder 
brush. 

In treating of the Legislative and Executive provinces, we introduced 
supposition to elucidate; proceeding on the Judicial, the figure may be 
equally explanatory and useful. 

Having in view a sage Judge (Lord Coke) the oracle of the law, not 
in his words, but from his page, permit us to produce a wondrous strik- 
ing portrait. —Figure to your mind the Parliament of Great-Britain 
incontinently passing a law, such as the Evangelical pillars, the holy 
props of all governments, piously forged in the fifth year of the reign 
of Richard II. enjoining the bible orthodox christians of England, to 
take an oath and swear to fall down and worship the fashioned things 
of priestly, superstitious imagination (¢mages) in open violation of holy 
religion, of the immutable, moral, and eternal law of God. —Mr. 
Rymer, in his MS of Parliamentary proceedings, comfortably informs 
us, that the Godly Priests, Masters in Divinity, Ambassadors from 
Heaven, under this law, to the glory of their God, piously and devoutly 
burnt many a goodly Briton. 

Figure to your mind a subject pointed out a vicitim to holy sacrifice. 
A man as moral as Spinosa, or as learned and virtuous as the meta- 
physical Servitus, to whom the faculty are indebted for the knowledge 
of the circulation of the blood: —the pages we have read, blush record- 
ing the fate of these worthies. 

Figure to your mind the horrid writ de haeretico comburendo (to 
burn heretics) to be issued—The procession appears, headed by a mitred 
Monk, attended by a fanatic, enthusiastic band of chaste, well tithed 
Fathers—the oppressed, virtuous, trembling burnt-offering is produced, 
cloathed in his auto de fe faubeneto jacket, highly emblazoned in ortho- 
dox painting, presenting a figure too infernal for a common law Judge 
to view without terror, sufficient to affright humanity : 

“To gallow the very wanderers of the dark.” Shakespeare. The 
Judges in the calm wisdom of philosophy, appointed for life—nobly inde- 
pendent—placed above the influence of power and private malice—girt 
around with virtue, justum et tenacem—possessed of the process and the 
subject of the frightful cavalcade!!! 

This is a stand big with important business. In what manner would 
the judges (whom we have already described) conduct themselves? 
They would take an advisare, remit the oppressed citizen—they would 
remonstrate to their Monarch, saying, “Great and mighty Sire, on the 
“superb day of your coronation you took an awful oath, the most sacred 
“ligument of government, by which you religiously swore to govern the 
“nation by the ancient laws of the land: —This law is against the ancient 
“laws of the land, holy religion, it is malum in se. We, your Judges, 
“by our oaths, which we hold inviolate, are sacredly and doubly bound 
“to your Majesty and the laws: By the constitution of the kingdom, 
“we are the keepers of the conscience of the King, by the majesty of 
“the people elected to rule over them.” Fuat justitia, rurat Coelum. 
—No Lawyer or Commentator, to our knowledge, hath proceeded further. 


80 JAMEs SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


The Doved Fanatic may say, the example is too highly coloured; he 
may exclaim the piece is unnatural—it is the production of a Flemish 
painter. No, it is the language, say the painting of an honest and simple 
man. Examples apt presented themselves, apropos in file. Religion 
was out of our sight: Dehors the business. Puppies will yelp; suffer 
this as an apology to the ingenious and candid reader. 


ARATUS. 


From Flagellator Scurrarum1 
Mess. Printers, 


If the modern Aratus, who appears in the front of your paper of the 
7th instant, thinks himself assisted by the genius of the ancient astrologer 
of that name, and therefore a conjurer, I beg leave to think for myself: 
But if he thinks that through a long line of transmigrations, his carcase 
is animated by the soul of a patriotic Prince of that name, and that he 
is therefore the presumptive heir to his signature, no body ought to 
believe him; for the patriotism of that Prince was real and consistent— 
his is but pretention, as manifestly appears before he finishes that laboured 
performance—that complete exemplification of Horace’s Mountain in 
travel. 

While I was amused with his philological parade and affectation, I 
began to think the whole no more than a singular and very curious dis- 
play of patriotism; but he soon convinced me of the contrary, by his 
freedom with the Legislature and his impious ridicule of the main sup- 
port of our government, namely scripture revelation: For to say the 
least, it is admitted, I believe, on all hands, by men of sense, that the 
religion of any country, is the surest and most permanent support of its 
government. But the fictitious and absurd Aratus, under a disguise of 
friendship for his country, strikes at this main pillar of government, 
with all the force that imbecility can exert, and malignity inspire. And 
while this mountain of absurdity is miserably convulsed, and labours 
hard with the throes of a sterile imagination, so as even to astonish his 
readers, “Out comes the ridiculous mouse!!!’ 

Should the learned Aratus think himself roughly treated, let him com- 
fort himself with another parade of his erudition; but let him beware 
of wantonly turning up his posteriors again, for should they not be so 
lean as to excite compassion, they will probably meet with some attention 
from 

Flagellator Scurrarum. 


From a Farmer? 
Mess. Printers, 


YOU have a curious kind of correspondent. He sometimes calls 
himself by one name and sometimes by another: for I can always know 
him by his factious spirit and manner of writing. I remember when he 


1 [bid., 28 May, 1789. 
2 Ibid., 11 June, 1789. 


Nort Carotina NEwsparers BEerore 1790 81 


took it in his head to abuse the Assembly and Justices of the Peace, as 
a parcel of stupid, ignorant and wicked rascals, he called himself An 
Independent Citizen. At another time, to vent a fit of ill humour, he 
said a great many trifling and absurd things, and then called himself 
A Juryman. After that, when he undertook to out-do the Devil himself 
in maliciousness, and the pride of being thought a man of learning, he 
signed himself A Citizen and Soldier. And now, in his two last frantic 
performances, by the name of Aratus, he seems to be growing still more 
crazy. In short I am afraid he’ll run mad and do mischief, I cannot tell 
what he would be at, or what is the design of those two pieces, unless 
from a conceit of his superior abilities, he has undertaken to teach the 
Governor and Judges their duty; and to abuse the scriptures. It may 
be his great learning for what I know that makes him so unintelligible 
to me, a man of plain sense, who can just read and write a little. How- 
ever, if learning has a tendency to make the man so devilish proud, dis- 
contended [discontented] and quarrelsome, I thank God that I am not 
cursed with more than I have common sense to manage. 

Poor man, may be he is a discontented lawyer; distracted by the 
jarring interests of pride and‘poverty. And the plaguy Assembly have 
put it out of his power to acquire enough in any reasonable time to 
satisfy the claims of either, by suffering the Justices to do so much busi- 
ness out of court, and at the same time putting it in their power to 
over-hawl him, if he should take a fee agreeable to his learning and 
consequence; so that in fact it is no wonder if he should run as mad as 
a March hare. Yet I should be glad, and I dare say many more, if he 
would leave off to fill up so much of your otherwise agreeable and useful 
paper with his learned scribblings. 

A FARMER. 


From Observators 


Tyrrel, July 21, 1789. 
Messrs. Printers, 


*Tis reported that in the vicinity of a plaintain a spider bit a toad 
several turns, in a short space of time: that the latter effected a cure of 
poison by eating a piece of the plaintain as often as attacked by the 
former. A by-stander observing them, pulled up the plaintain, which 
the toad missed after another pass at his antagonist, and instantly flung 
himself on his back and expired. 

Aratus in the vicinity of flatterers swelled badly in point of com- 
position. Flagellator Scurrarum perceived him making mouths, was 
provoked and bit him with his fly letter. Avatus affecting to laugh about 
it, found some coxcomb, who still could flatter his vanity, so got cured 
of his wound, and very soon tried another effort against his opponent. 
In the mean time the Farmer got a gripe at Aratus: and has probably 
excited risibleness in his plaintain-friends, insomuch that the corrosive- 
ness of Flagellator Scurrarum’s next attack will effect the heroe’s fatal 
execution, and throw him flat on his back. 


1Tbid., 30 July, 1789. 


82 James SprunT Historicat STupIEs 


Should Aratus summons me to an interview, as he has others, perhaps 
the distance will not prevent, at his interment, the attendance of his 
humble servant. 


OBSERVATOR. 


From Diogenes 


Perquimans, July 26, 1789. 

Gentlemen, 

It seems not a little surprising that you should suffer this thing, or 
this no thing, which calls itself ARATUS, to fill so much of your paper 
with its tedious and unintelligible performances. 

Or is it really the ghost of Aratus that is come to haunt us for our 
sins? And to scare us “With Gorgons, Hydras, and chimeras dire!” 
And will nothing quiet this busy, scribbling, messing, perturbed spirit? 
Is there to be no end to its wanderings? “Another yet; and yet another 
still!” Cannot the holy wand of the Prophet lay the restless phantom? 

But if he is indeed a man of flesh, he should regard it; and bear in 
mind the threatened rod of the fool-whipper, which above all he ought 
to dread. 

Will this weaver of minionet, this spinner of cobweb, this frothy 
syllabub of asses milk never be done? Must this meer clangor perpetu- 
ally pester us with noise and nauseousness? -—-Common sense forbid it. 

Yet might the dreamer go on to deal out his crude and ill suited mate- 
rials unnoticed by me, were it not that he takes up so much of your 
paper, which otherwise would contain, as formerly, subjects both useful 
and pleasing. 

While the important affairs that are now transacting both at home and 
abroad, afford such ample funds for interesting intelligence, it is to be 
hoped Aratus will no longer find room for his unmeaning, perplexed 
and flighty effusions. 

I trust he will not, nor cannot, unless he is extremely captious, be 
offended at the liberal manner in which I have mentioned his produc- 
tions; as I have endeavoured to observe every possible degree of gentle- 
ness, temper and decency. -—Let him lay aside his fustian, and write 
intelligibly if he can, and I may bear to read him: But what can be the 
use of his writing what no mortal can understand. 

DIOGENES. 


N.B. I am apprehensive I have been mistaken in my conjectures 
concerning Aratus. As since writing the above I have accounts from the 
family of the Apes’s, or as Aratus stiles them, the Jack-a-napes’s, by 
which I learn that the whole family are exceedingly rejoiced that they 
will have it in their power through your means to discover their long 
lost kinsman Aratus Apes. They are positive that he is of their family, 
although he has thought proper to suppress his surname. And notwith- 
standing a vile report which they have heard, of his cutting off his tail to 
look like a man; yet they speak with great affection of their dear Rati, 


1 Loc. cit. 


NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 83 


for they cannot believe that he could ever be so weak as to part with that 
beautiful, useful and distinguishing ornament of the Ape, merely from 
the poor affectation of imitating man: which in spite of all his efforts, 
he ought to be sensible, it would be impossible for him to effect in any 
tolerable degree. I further learn that a number of gentlemen and ladies 
of the family have it in contemplation to pay their beloved Rati a visit 
as soon as fruit comes in plenty. A visit before, they apprehend, would 
put him to great inconvenience; as it might be difficult, for him to pro- 
vide for so large and respectable a company. They are preparing some 
little matters expressive of their affection, and amongst the rest they 
intend to present him with some nuts to crack, as a rarity. This intelli- 
gence may be depended upon, as it comes from the best authority. 
Apropos, supposing the above report to be true, will it not be indis- 
pensably necessary and proper for Aratus to provide himself with a tail, 
that he may appear a finished Ape? For malice itself cannot say that 
he wants any thing else to compleat him. —I mention this only as a 
friendly hint. 


aT Boel tree aN ATLA 
4 Na Ne v, 


UN MAT Ye 
Wie 


WA ) 
in 
a 





THE JAMES SPRUNT HISTORICAL STUDIES 


Published under direction of the Department of History 
and Government of the University of North Carolina. 


Volume 20 Number 2 


Editors 
R. D. W. Connor 


Wiruam Wuattey Pierson, Jr. Mrrtcuett B. Garretr 


< “NO, 
Re) Rog 


b 


L 


LIBERTA 


RIVERS) 7 
¢. 
-xroux? 


» 


Meco 


CONTENTS 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM PAPERS, 1861-1884 


Edited by 
H. M. WAGSTAFF, Ph.D. 


Professor of History and Government in the 
University of North Carolina 


CHAPEL HILL 
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS 
1928 





THE JAMES A. GRAHAM PAPERS, 
1861-1884 


Edited by 
H. M. WAGSTAFF, Ph.D. 


Professor of History and Government in the 
University of North Carolina 














INTRODUCTION 


The material included in this number of the James Sprunt 
Historical Studies consists of two parts: (1) the Confed- 
ate War Letters of James Augustus Graham, written to his 
mother and father between the dates of his enlistment in 1861 
and the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, 1865, and (2) a 
“Descriptive Book of the Orange Guards” (Company G, 27th 
Regiment of North Carolina Infantry). Graham became a 
member of the Orange Guards upon its organization at Hills- 
boro in April, 1861, and was its captain at the end of the war. 
He is the author of the “Descriptive Book.” This was found by 
the editor in the possession of the University of North Caro- 
lina Library, with the circumstances and date of its accession 
apparently not traceable. It is in manuscript, the handwriting 
that of James A. Graham, as proven by comparison with the 
handwriting of his “Letters” herein appearing, and attested by 
his brother, Major John W. Graham of Hillsboro. It is entitled 
“Copy” of Descriptive Book, etc., and the theory of the editor 
is that it is a duplicate of the original manuscript prepared by 
Graham and reproduced immediately to provide an additional 
number. What became of the original manuscript, if there was 
one, or whether he used the word “Copy” to designate a repro- 
duction, is unknown. The manuscript is without date, and in- 
ternal evidence does not enable one to fix the time it was 
written. It is a unique work of its kind, no other record of any 
military unit of the state having survived in nearly so complete 
a form. The record is the more important in that the Roster of 
North Carolina Troops, compiled by John W. Moore, and pub- 
lished in 1882, is admitted by Moore to be very incomplete as 
to the men enlisted in the various companies of the 27th Regi- 
ment. He states in a footnote (Vol. II, p. 407) that the only 
records of this regiment available to him of Companies D to K 
inclusive were the captured field returns to be had at Wash- 
ington, and deplores the meagerness of information to be de- 
rived from this source. Moore’s list of Company G, allowing 


[91] 


92 JAMES SpPRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


for duplicates resulting from promotions, contains eighty names. 
Graham gives the total enlistment from the time of the organi- 
zation of the Company as the “Orange Guards” in April, 1861, 
to the end of its service in April, 1865. The number is one hun- 
dred and eighty-one men. Moore’s roster gives no data whatever 
besides the dates of enlistment of the eighty men in his list, and 
the attribution of them all to Orange County except one. Gra- 
ham’s book shows a number of the enlistments to have been 
from other counties and several from other states. It is com- 
plete in detail of the military record of each of the one hundred 
and eighty-one men. 

Graham wrote the History of the 27th North Carolina Regi- 
ment which appears in Walter Clark’s “Histories of the Several 
Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great 
War, 1861-65,” published in 1901. He dated this sketch at 
Washington, April 9, 1901, having been a resident there since 
1888. By comparing this sketch with the “Descriptive Book” of 
the Orange Guards (which was Company G of the 27th Regi- 
ment) one reaches the conclusion not only that he reéxamined 
Confederate and Federal war records, but that he used his 
previously prepared “Descriptive Book” as a dependable source 
of information in addition. It is the editor’s conviction that the 
book was written in the immediate years after the Civil War, 
during the period in which the author was an attorney at Gra- 
ham, Alamance County, that it was a product of his personal 
interest in his company, and that no use was ever made of it 
beside the slight one above suggested. 

The Graham letters were placed in the hands of this editor 
by Mrs. Sara Graham Peck, daughter of James A. Graham, and 
now a resident of Derby, Connecticut. It was agreed by her 
that the letters might be published in the James Sprunt His- 
torical Studies for their value to Confederate war history, and 
the original manuscripts be loaned to the University of North 
Carolina Library, in its manuscript division, where they will 
remain until a final disposition of them is decided upon by their 
owner, Mrs. Peck. 


THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 93 


There are three letters in the series written by W. A. Gra- 
ham to his son James A. Graham, and two by him to Mrs. W. A. 
Graham. There is one letter from John Washington Graham to 
his mother, Mrs. W. A. Graham. In the latter part of the series 
appear three letters written by Brigadier-General John R. Cooke, 
of the 27th Regiment, to James A. Graham. They relate to con- 
troverted points respecting the share of Cooke’s Brigade in the 
battle of Reams’ Station, August 25, 1864, and are evidently in 
reply to letters of Graham to Cooke. 

The last of the letters written by James A. Graham is of 
date October 17, 1876. It is to Charles E. Miller, Esq., in appar- 
ent answer to an inquiry relative to the social, economic, and 
political condition of the state. It should have historical value 
as the assessment made by a young soldier, ten years removed 
from the war, of the condition and prospects of the State of 
North Carolina just as it was, along with other southern states, 
emerging from the period called “Reconstruction,” but which 
had yet to make an almost wholly new start toward the goal of 
a renewed vigor and health. 

James Augustus Graham was born at Hillsboro, N. C., July 
7, 1841. His father, William Alexander Graham, was one of 
the most useful and distinguished citizens that North Carolina 
has produced. Born in 1804, graduated at the State University 
in 1824, William A. Graham became a Whig in politics, and 
after a service in the state legislature from 1833 to 1840 he 
was elected to the United States Senate in the latter year, serv- 
ing to 1843. From 1845 to 1849 he was Governor of North 
Carolina. In 1850 he became Secretary of the Navy in Fill- 
more’s Cabinet. He was candidate of the Whig party for vice- 
president in 1852. He was senator from North Carolina in the 
Confederate States government from 1863 to the collapse of the 
Confederacy, and was elected United States Senator again in 
1866 but, along with other southern senators, was denied ad- 
mission. He held other important positions of trust in the state 
and nation until his death in 1875. Of his seven sons who at- 
tained adulthood, five fought in the Civil War, and afterward 
all seven attained distinction in one field or another in civil life. 


94 JAMES SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES 


The author of the “Descriptive Book” and the “Letters,” 
James Augustus Graham, was the fourth son of William Alex- 
ander Graham. He married in 1869, Elizabeth Cheshire Webb of 
Hillsboro, and had four children (James Augustus, Jr., William 
Alexander, John Washington, and Sara), all of whom are now 
living except the second son, William Alexander. He practised 
law in Graham, Alamance County, North Carolina, from the 
end of the Civil War to 1888 and served Alamance County as 
state senator in 1870. He received an appointment as Pension 
Examiner in the Federal Bureau of Pensions in 1888 and re- 
moved to Washington City. He died March 20, 1908, and is 
buried at Hillsboro. 

John Washington Graham, the writer of one of the letters 
in the series (date, November 27, 1864), was brother to James 
A. Graham, and the second son of William A. Graham. He was 
a member of the 56th North Carolina Regiment and attained 
_ the rank of major before the end of the war. He too became a 
lawyer, settled at Hillsboro, and represented Orange County in 
the state senate, 1870, 1876, 1907, and 1911. He was a member 
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868. For his probity, 
his learning, and for the high standards he has upheld in his 
profession, he received the LL.D. degree from the State Univer- 
sity in 1921. He is still living at Hillsboro. 

Of the other brothers, the subjects of reference in the Gra- 
ham Letters, Joseph Graham was the oldest. He was captain of 
Battery C in the 10th North Carolina Regiment and after the 
war practised medicine at Hillsboro until his death in 1907. 
William Alexander, the third son (and namesake) of his father, 
became Captain of Company K in the 19th Regiment (2nd Cay- 
alry), was wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, and thereafter 
promoted to the rank of major and assistant adjutant-general of 
North Carolina. At the end of the war he settled as a farmer in 
Lincoln County, represented his district several times in the 
state senate, became Commissioner of Agriculture in 1908, and 
died in this post December 24, 1923. Robert Davidson Graham, 
the fifth son of Governor William A. Graham, became Captain 
of the 56th Regiment of North Carolina Infantry. After the 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 95 


Civil War he practised law for a time, then became a Secretary 
of the Civil Service Commission, and later a Commissioner in 
the Land Office of the Interior Department of the United States 
government. He died in 1904. Two other brothers of James A. 
Graham, referred to several times in the letters, were George 
Washington Graham and Augustus Washington Graham. Both 
were too young for military service during the Civil War. The 
former became a physician at Charlotte, where he resided until 
his death in 1923; the latter a lawyer who has served Granville 
County frequently in the state legislature and was speaker in 
1909. He was Judge of Superior Court from 1895 to 1897. He 
lives at Oxford, N. C. 
H. M. WacstaFrF 
Cuapet Hitt, N. C. 
March 15, 1928 










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CoRRESPONDENCE OF JAMES A, GRAHAM, 


1861-1884 








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CALENDAR OF LETTERS 


Letters Written by James A. Graham to 
Mrs. W. A. Graham 





Place Date 
Racor erecta wen oy SN seen ei Neh ee April 22, 
TVG IAL) 015 age ed en Bure MNES a eeeePDE Mor tJ. 2 maven nam May 8, 
Riera UC OME nee, Seti eaee ty be ks eae ney l7, 
“E\ISTE TRAEAW OSG) ARIE aR ae ok 0 Se r,s Ree oa July 21, 
PY SAIE TN T2 VCO) | pRIg RR SEES EN iee e o Sept. 6, 
“EG Tg ol AG CYA SAS MeO ae eh Sea Oct, /Z1; 
TROSEE IN VCloy ali ease. ut a ea na a et eed Ne Nov. 26, 
| ABFIE NILA NG vie Se fal oe ee ase ny Na Jan. 2, 
arian erate es hove, Cee wise Mes te Lele ae Jane tS; 
LP ONE LVS (Seta eae MN a A seared Jan. 24, 
Pewee. IL Bnin Sip eet eae Rta haley es Male Eon Cos LA On IR (jaca. 
Save TLS Nae sh ei eek ied 2) be 5 Maat SD RRR OARIEGRY 292 ora RR Feb. 17, 
rte ettie.. e o) Bie ba 95 ARR Feb. 28, 
LEST PDSIUOU ed We nk aa Nt pa a A cena el March 15, 
EIN STO 2 saul AR eae NUE SERRE ne March 19, 
RO Ais OUR CSS cen tees ee nae eee eae an :..March 31, 
ILLIA May 14, 
IR epRERICHUONG,, Nid... soso ene EN June 3, 
Herre OMG ON Beet da iste a aad ol June 8, 
Enmcey George County, Vance July 11, 
ampiicee near Petersbure,. Vaden July 16, 
‘CoB LESS MIN RR are i SO mn ap July 21, 
“Sunny: LSS ieee bs West nc, eR erg mete) a Srey Ss July 25, 
PURINES Vato ne oc tae ett uel’ August 8, 
iedminichimond, Vas. tee ee August 23, 
Reanim station, Vas lo ea ea a August 31, 
eam Martinsburg. Vari) le eae Sept. 21, 
Rleate yvimenester,, Vaio tie Joe eee Sept, 29) 
MotecmeN Mime e Sten? Viale ee Sk ee eee Osi 2: 
BNicromNV IICMESten, Wai wee ei). os eee Oct. 19, 


Llea ye Sige) OE aah UE Wane Hr eo nee rey cA Jan. 9, 


1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1861 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1862 
1863 


100 JAMES SpruNT HistortcaL STUDIES 


Near South Washington, WhiGi 0) ne Jan. 30, 1863 
Coosawatchie, 'S.(Cii) 2. ae March 2, 1863 
Coosawatchie, 'S.\ Ci a March 22, 1863 
Coosa watchte) Sinn co SNe ih a March 29, 1863 
Coosawatchie, S.C. Cee April 12, 1863 
Camp‘near Wilmington, N: C../.. 2 e April 26, 1863 
GoldsborapiNe Givens ui oe) a Sr May 10, 1863 
Campinear) Kinston, /N ‘Cis Vi May 26, 1863 
Camp: Johtiston near Kinston/..)........ eee June 3, 1863 
Camp" below. ‘Richmond, 'Vael..1:....-2... 22 eee June 14, 1863 
Campinear Richmond, Value we July 7, 1863 
Camp mear’ Taylorsville, Vai....2.00.... July 27, 1863 
Camp near Fredericksburg, Vavq11:c.-<:s0-:--ccosaceesee August 3, 1863 
Camp near (Gordonsville, Va............. Oct. 4, 1863 
Bivouac near Rappahannock Station, Va................- Oct. 17, 1863 
Camp near Brandy Station, Va,......:....-.22:) ee Oct. 24, 1863 
Camp ‘near, Brandy ‘Station, Va..2..-.-.... ee Nov. 1, 1863 
Camp:near Orange C. F1.,\Valu.0. Oe Nov. 17, 1863 
Tn'line of Battles iio i. ke Nov. 30, 1863 
Camp 27th N.C. Intantry. 20 Dec. 13, 1863 


Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 
Dec. 31, 1863 

Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 
Jan. 7, 1864 

Camp 27th N. C, Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 
Jan. 24, 1864 

Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 


Feb. 1, 1864 
@anip 27th N. ©) imgantry. ne ee March 4, 1864 
Camp 2/th Ni C, Tata ee ee March 19, 1864 


Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 

April 2, 1864 
Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. 

April 8, 1864 
amp 2/th N.C, Intantry ee April 18, 1864 
Grorconsville, Va eee ae ee ee May 9, 1864 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 101 





M@ienches/mear Petersburg, Vai......0-. ka Sept. 13, 1864 
MerIGUEVCLOEGOUIGS Walp ee Oct. 6, 1864 
BeraeTEES IEP. ayer atc ye cok Nov. 5, 1864 
Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Petersburg, Va.....Nov. 16, 1864 
Wamp asta. C. Intantry. Nov. 23, 1864 
amr ern Ne Cimtarte ye ee ial ON aay Dec. 3, 1864 
amueczs nay iN Coin taaitn yi ee iN en ens ce Dec. 7, 1864 
Mei ea tON  Calaramtry. 10 Nae, ue eh Dec. 18, 1864 
ESTO) ZA AWN ae RS I 0 a a a Dec. 24, 1864 
amp 2AL NC Intantty ee eae Dec. 30, 1864 
ME rrM eI MC Ena a ls Jan. 13, 1865 
Mem 2c aiN CO. sbrtambrys ae Jan. 18, 1865 
Ban cao NO inibatitrye sk A el ee Feb. 4, 1865 
inet Pe Aachen MNS Nil GAIN G sez aM ee UE A nee Feb. 6, 1865 
+ Latin nyo 24 Ai dak 0 a! GHANA Nah i aan a Pe Feb. 24, 1865 
Mamipyayiu Ne Cx Uatamtryes eh een See ee March 8, 1865 
apenas Oe Writantiy iy er ee March 20, 1865. 
ginal O(c Sg) I SM aS EOE eR rt ee May 20, 1865 


Letters Written by James A, Graham to 
W. A. Graham 


Place Date 
Eaieataay erprreinING cos, cence saute a A UR UE a Jan. 18, 1862 
Port Wane, NC... ees REA ase LL March 7, 1862 
Campinear Winchester Vanya et Sept. 29, 1862 
COGS RAVE CL ASRS AM COUIMNINE, ES PULA UN MAM OP PAA March 15, 1863 
Sree eaTR ROTH NIN CC.) en UMass May 3, 1863 
Panipunesn richmond) Wazoo cw wai! July 3, 1863 
PIM NIUMELION, )/V cbt eee ND Soke Ue ny July 11, 1863 
Mampinear Paylorsville;/ Va. ee oe) July 30, 1863 
Camp of 27th Inf’y, near Rappahannock rivet........ Oct. 21, 1863 
Wampinear, Brandy Station, Va. ka Oct. 28, 1863 
Gamenear Brandy Station; Wau ly Nov. 3, 1863 


Camp of 27th N.C. Inf’y, near Orange C. H., Va. 

Nov. 12, 1863 
Camp of 27th N.C. Inf’y, near Orange C. H., Va. 

Nov. 24, 1863 


102 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


Camp near Orange C. H., Vaei)..12..... a Dec. 4, 1863 
Gamp 27th N. C, Inf’y...2-23e 2 Dec. 21, 1863 
On the Picket ‘Line::..0.:.22:. 42 March 26, 1865 
Charlotte, N.C. 22..0U 2 er May 30, 1865 


Letters Written by W. A. Graham to 
James A. Graham 


Place Date 
Hillsbotos ING oc sac a Sa April 19, 1864 
Richmond» Va. :......---.-.-....2eet April 30, 1864 
Richtagnd Wa... <.:.........2 | May 6, 1864 


Letters Written by W. A, Graham to 
Mrs. W. A. Graham 


Place Date 
Richmond, Va, (Telegram) -..2......0.-..-...... 2 May 16, 1864 
fichwiond), Vass... shed May 18, 1864 


Letter Written by John W. Graham to 
Mrs. W. A. Graham 


Place Date 
Trenches near Petersburg, Vaz... Nov. 27, 1864 


Letters Written by John R. Cooke to 
James A. Graham 


Place Date 
Richmond, Wace. cee August 4, 1883 
Richmond, Vee 208 22 eee ee Sept. 8, 1883 


Richmond; Vas. e21 52. nae eee June 7, 1884 


I 
CORRESPONDENCE OF JAMES A. GRAHAM 


Fort Macon, N. C. 
Apr 22nd 1861 

Dear MoTHER 

We arrived here safe and sound on Sunday morning. We 
stayed at Morehead City on Saturday night and slept on the 
floor of the warehouse. Had a pretty rough time and felt next 
morning as though we had not slept at all; for we were as sore 
as could be and completely broken down. I have got well fixed 
in quarters. 

There are about 40 of us in a room about 35 feet long and 
15 feet wide. I sleep with Tom Whitted. The officers are in 
another room, but I am as well fixed as I would wish to be. 
We do not know what day we may be attacked, but we are 
prepared for them no matter when they come. We have some 
hard work to do, but not half as much as I expected when I 
left home; for I came with the expectation of having to ditch 
and do every sort of hard work. Cousins John, Bryan, & Wil- 
liam Cobb are here. Also Cousin James Washington and Dr 
Crayton who married Cousin Annie Washington. I saw Aunt 
Ann and Cousin Laura and Jimmy Bryan in Newbern. Also 
Cousin William Washington’s wife and Miss Margaret Woods 
who used to stay with us. They were all well. Our company 
is in very good spirits and all very well except James Jones. 
He is a little unwell to-day. I had to drill a squad for an hour 
this evening and am pretty tired and cannot write any more at 
present. 

I am writing on a little piece of board which I picked up in 
our room. Johnny joins me in Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate son 

mis. James A. GRAHAM 


Direct your letters. 
JAMES A. GRAHAM 
Orange Guards 
Fort Macon 
N.C. 


[ 103 ] 


104 JAMES SpruntT Historica STUDIES 


Fort Macon 
May 8th 1861 
DEAR MOTHER 

I received the box which you sent me by Mr. Strayhorn and 
am very much obliged for it, also for the books, for I never 
missed my books as much in my life as I have since I have been 
here. I have a good deal of leisure time and was bored a great 
deal by not having anything to do or to read. My shirts fit 
very well. I would like the collars made just the size of the 
larger one (it is 4 inch the largest) and the wristbands made 
shorter; not more than 1 inch wide. I have been drilling in 
Artillery for the last two or three days and like it, though it is 
harder work than Infantry drill. You wished to know whether 
Willie and I would both need a mattrass. One will do for us 
both and you can either send it or let him bring it when he 
comes. 

He had better bring a pair of blankets also and that is all 
that he will need as he and I will sleep to-gether. Some ladies 
came over from Morehead City the other day and brought us a 
Southern Confederacy flag. We hoisted it and fired a salute 
of 9 guns. Some of the boys were down on the beach and when 
they heard the guns fire ran for the fort thinking that we were 
attacked, but soon found that they were mistaken and were 
laughed at a great deal for being so easily frightened. Our com- 
pany numbers 65 men and can get as many more as we want. 
Tell Willie that he can join if he comes down. I hope that you 
will not let Carlo & Alto be killed for I am certain that they did 
not kill anybody’s sheep and I would not part with them for 
anything. 

Tell Sarah Scott that her brother is well and that he re- 
ceived the things that she sent him. Tell her he says she must 
write to him as soon as she can. I must close as the drum has 
beat for drill. Give my love to sister Bettie and tell her that she 
must write to me. Johnny joins me in love to all. Write soon to: 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE JAmMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 105 


Fort Macon 
June 17th 1861 
Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter last Friday. It came 
Thursday night, but as I was on guard I did not get it till 
Friday morning. I would have been very glad to have been at 
home on the 8th, but could not get off. I hope to be at home 
the last of this week or the first of next as almost all of our 
men have had furloughs and I reckon my time will come next, 
but it will depend on circumstances. I was on guard last Thurs- 
day (13)th and, therefore, could not observe the day as I would 
have wished. 

We had no drill but had preaching twice viz! at 6% in the 
morning and at 5 in the evening. I read the chapters; on Sun- 
day; that you recommended. You wished to know how we 
spend our time. We have to get up at a quarter past 5 in the 
morning and have our beds made up and rolled up by 6, at 6% 
we have to drill for an hour and then get breakfast. We then 
have nothing to do till 10, when we have to drill again for an 
hour. Drill again at 5 in the evening. Dress Parade at 614 and 
then Supper. Answer to Roll call again at 9 o’clock and have 
all lights out by 10. Between times we very often have some 
work to do. When I am not drilling I am generally sleeping, 
reading or studying military tactics. On Sunday we have no 
drills and generally have preaching once and sometimes twice. 
I spend the day generally in reading Spurgeon’s Sermons or the 
Bible or sleeping.. The salt air makes me feel sleepy nearly all 
the time. I keep a regular journal every day. 

You wished to know who composed my mess. They are 
Stephen and Sam! Dickson, Tom Whitted, George Lynch, 
Charley Parks, Haughton from Pittsboro and myself. There 
were several more but they have either received commissions 
or gone home. I suppose that you have heard before this how 
well the 1st Regiment, under Col. Hill, did at Newport News 
Va. There don’t seem to be much chance of our ever having a 
fight down here, though we are well prepared for the enemy. 


106 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


Claiborne, a boy belonging to Mr. Thos. Cain, waits on our 
mess. Our cooking is done at the regular cook room for our 
company. 

Johnny joins me in love to all. Write soon to Your affec- 
tionate son 

James A. GRAHAM 


P. S. Excuse bad writing as my pen is very sharp and sticks in 
the paper so that I can hardly write at all and I am too lazy to 
go to my room to get another one. 


Gee 


Fort Macon 
July 21st 1861 
Drar MoTHER 

As Mr Lynch is going up in the morning I will write by 
him. 

Please send me some writing paper and envelopes as I am 
very near out of paper. Please send me about half a quire 
of foolscap paper among the rest. Tomorrow is Johnny’s birth- 
day. I wish that we could all be at home then. Tell Willie that 
I think he owes me a letter. The Rev Mr Wiley, presbyterian 
preacher, preached for us this evening. We have preaching 
almost every Sunday, but still it is nothing like Sunday at home. 
I hope that this war will end soon, for I am getting tired of it. 
I have been appointed Orderly Sergeant of our company. Tom 
Whitted is 4th Sergeant in my place. As it is Sunday I will 
write no more. 

Tell Cousin Kate I wish she would answer my letter. 
Love to all. 

Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Tue JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 107 


Fort Macon 
Sept 6th 1861 
Dear MoTHER 

The enemy have not attacked us yet nor have we seen any- 
thing of them. I do not know when they will come if they 
come at all, but this I do know that we are very well fixed for 
them and can give them the hardest fight that they have had 
anywhere yet. 

I feel just as safe here as I would anywhere. I was in 
NewBern yesterday. Saw Gen. Gatlin and Johnny. Brother 
Joe is stationed at Fort Lane about 3 miles below NewBern on 
the river. I went down to his camp. They have cleared a place 
in the woods on the bank of the river large enough to pitch 
their camp and are hard at work clearing more. Col. Camp- 
bell’s & Col. Singletary’s Regiments are there. They are well 
fixed up. 

I did not see Cousin Laura. She has a baby about a week 
old. Uncle James Bryan and Aunt Ann have not been able to 
leave New York yet. Jimmy Bryan told me that he had a letter 
from his father dated Aug 20th stating that Aunt Ann was 
not able to travel at that time. Yesterday was Father’s birthday. 
I wish that we all could have been at home, but it could not 
be. I wish him many returns of it and that we may all be at 
home to enjoy them in peace. 

I am getting tired of war and wish that it would cease, 
but am afraid that we will have more than enough of it before 
it does quit. There is no news. 

Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son 

James A, GRAHAM 


Fort Macon 
Oct 21st 1861 
My pear MoTHER 
I wish that you would send word to Carmichael to make 
haste with my uniform. He told me that he expected the cloth 
the day I left and he ought to have finished it by this time. 


108 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


If he has not finished it yet tell him if he can finish it by 
Thursday morning and will send it to the depot then he can 
send it down by some one, for there will be one or two members 
of the Guilford Grays from Greensboro coming down on that 
day. 

It has been raining for two or three days pretty steady and 
there has been almost a storm raging all day. 

I received a letter from George (at Dr Wilsons) two or 
three days ago. 

He and Gus are both very well. 

I have not been able to find the life of Havelock yet, but 
will find it if I can. Nobody ever thinks of returning a book 
here when they borrow and hardly ever think of asking for a 
book, but just borrow it anyhow whenever they see one: Is 
Willie Captain of his company yet or does Mr Turner still 
hold it? 

I was not able to get any undershirts in Goldsboro when I 
came down. If you can get them I wish that you would get me 
two No 34, or 18 by 28, or 19 by 29 inches. 

If you cannot get them I can make out with what I have as 
I will not be very much exposed to the weather unless we are 
moved out of the Fort and there seems to be no likelihood of 
that. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate son JAMES A. GRAHAM 


Fort Macon 
Nov 26th 1861 
My pear MoTHER 
There is no news here and little or nothing to write about, 
but I will try to write to you to-night even if I can find nothing 
else to say than that I have at last gotten well of the mumps 
and am very well again. 
Johnny and Cousin William Morrison were down here last 
Saturday with Gen. Gatlin. 
I suppose that Johnny is with you by this time as he told 
me that he expected to go home on Sunday, the day after he 
was here. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 109 


We had a very sad occurrence here last Sunday night. 

The Orderly Sergeant of the Guilford Grays, from Greens- 
boro, attempted to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a 
razor in a fit of temporary derangement of mind. 

He was prevented from finishing the deed by a young man 
who was sleeping with him. He is now very low and there is 
little or no hope of his recovery, as he tore his throat with his 
hands after the razor was taken away from him. It seems 
strange that a man will meddle with his own life in this way. 

If you have my flannel shirts done please send them down 
by Capt. Webb. He will come back about the middle of next 
week. 

I will try to get a furlough and come home in about a 
month. I must close 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 
Fort Macon 
Jan 2nd 1862 
My pDEAR MoTHER 
I received your very welcome letter four or five days ago 
and as Lieut. Dickson is going up in the morning I will write 
by him. 

I will come up as soon as Lieut. Dickson returns, which will 
be about the eighth or ninth. 

I wish I could have been at home on New Year’s day, but 
could not. 

I was on guard the night before and saw the old year go 
out and the new one come in. ; 

I visited all the salt works near Morehead City to-day and 
tried to get some salt as Father requested in his last letter; 
but was not able to get any at all at present. 

I may be able to get some in a week or two, but do not 
know ; as it is a rather hard matter for them to get wood and 
some of them make no more than they want for their own use; 
however I will try again in a few days. 


110 JAMeEs Sprunt Historica STupIEs 


If the officers of our Company are to have uniforms made 
of the cloth purchased for the Company please tell Carmichael 
not to cut mine until I come up, for I wish it double breasted 
as that is the Confederate fashion for officers and I do not 
think he has my measure for a double breasted coat. 

Capt. Webb requests me to present his respects and say that 
he does not say ugly words now. 

Rev. Mr Thorne, who preached in Chapel Hill a year or two 
ago preached here last Sunday. He is now living in Kinston. 
There is no more news. I will write to Father in a few days. 
Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Fort Lang, N. C. 
Jan 18th 1862 
My DEAR FATHER 

I have been appointed adjutant of our Regm’t. I found my 
appointment waiting for me when I came down last Thursday. 

I came up from Fort Macon this morning and will enter on 
the discharge of my duties tomorrow. 

I wish you would buy me a good saddle and bridle if such 
a thing is to be had in Hillsboro or Raleigh. 

I have got the promise of a horse that I can use till our 
term of service is out; for his feed. It is a fine black mare, a 
firstrate animal in every respect. 

There is a good deal of talk here of Burnside’s expedition 
attacking this place, but I think it ought to have been here by 
this time if it is coming here at all, but nobody seems to know 
where it is going. We heard yesterday that it was at Hatteras. 

I was over at the Cavalry Camp to-day and saw Willie. 
He is pretty well. 

When you write please direct your letters to Fort Lane 
Near Newberne 

NIG 

Please get my saddle of the sort called military saddles as 

they are better for riding I have to do than others. If you can- 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 111 


not get one of that sort I will buy one that Col. Sloan has here— 
a very good common saddle. There is no news. Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


P, S. Please send me a servant to wait on my room if you can 
spare one. If you cannot spare one I suppose I can hire one 
in Newberne. I would like one that can cook and I want him 
also to attend to my horse 

Your aff Son 

J. A. GRAHAM 


Fort Lang, N. C. 
Jan 24th 1862 
My pEAR MoTHER 

I have left Fort Macon and come up to Camp Gatlin or 
(Fort Lane) having been appointed Adjutant of our Regiment 
by Col. Sloan. We are about 2% miles from Newberne on the 
bank of the Neuse River living in log houses. 

My house is not done yet and I am living with the Major, 
John A. Gilmer Jr from Greensboro, until it is done. 

I hope to be able to get into it in a few days. At present 
it is nothing more than a log pen about ten feet square and four 
or five feet high, but I expect it will make a very good house 
when it is finished. 

I wish you would send me about half a dozen towels by the 
first chance as I lost nearly all those I carried to Fort Macon 
with me. Also please send me a box of eatables if you get a 
chance. 

I am about two miles from Willie’s Camp and five from 
brother Joe. 

I saw Willie last Saturday and intend to go down to see 
brother Joe tomorrow or next day. I entered upon the discharge 
of my new duties last Sunday and like it pretty well. 

It has been raining now for two days and is very wet and 
muddy and this renders it very disagreeable, but taking all 
things together it is a very nice place. 


112 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


I believe that I like it better than Fort Macon; for it does 
not seem so confining. I have not time to write more. Excuse 
all mistakes for I write in a great hurry to be in time for the 
mail. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. Please direct your letters to 
Ligut. JAMES A. GRAHAM 
Adjt. 27th Reg’t N. C. Troops 
Fort Lane 
Near Newberne N. C. 


Fort LANE, N. C. 
Jan’y 31st 1862 
My pEAR MoTHER 

It seems that Burnsides’s (or as we call him here Jim 
Burnside’s) fleet has left our waters, for we have heard noth- 
ing of them now for three or four days. I have never thought 
they intended coming up here and always laughed at the way 
in which some of the Newberne people were frightened. 

I was at Uncle James Bryans one day last week and Aunt 
Ann had most of her things packed up and ready to leave. She 
said she reckoned she would have to unpack again as it seemed 
that Burnside was not coming. Cousin Laura is in Virginia 
with Dr Hughes. 

I went over to see Willie last Sunday and they were drill- 
ing just the same as any other day. We never have any drill 
on Sunday—and have never had, either here or at Fort Macon, 
but I believe we have done more hard work on Sunday than 
any other day. 

I expect to get into my new house tomorrow or next day. 
I would have had it finished before this but that it has been 
raining a great deal since I have been here and even now is 
pouring down pretty hard. It has been clear and very pleasant 
for a day or two but this evening about dark it commenced to 
rain again. 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 113 


I wish you would send me a comfort to put on my bed as 
it is pretty cool these nights with only a couple of blankets and 
that was all I brought with me when I came off last April. 
Down at Fort Macon we had double beds and put our bed 
clothes together and then we had plenty, but now I have a 
house and bed all to myself. I am very well pleased with this 
place. 

Some days I have a good deal of writing to do and am kept 
pretty busy; but sometimes I have little or nothing to do. 

Please send me a box of eatables when you get a chance for 
we cannot buy things here as we could down at Fort Macon 
and even when we can get them we have to pay a good big 
price for them. Please dont forget to send me some towels. 

There is nothing new. I hope this rain which is falling now 
is a big storm wherever Burnsides fleet is and that he may lose 
all the rest of his vessels; for I understand he has lost eighteen 
already. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


P. S. Please send me my blue pants if they can be found 
ips nee 


Fort LANE 
Feb 17th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter by Alex on Saturday 
night. 

I did not get my box and bag until yesterday evening, as 
Mr Whitted left them at the depot in Newberne, thinking that 
I very likely would not be out at the crossing when the train 
passed. I had them brought over from Newberne in the wagon 
yesterday. I will send brother Joseph’s and Willie’s things to 
them today. 

I was over at Willie’s camp yesterday and spent three or 
four hours there. 


114 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


I delivered your letter to him and told him to send after his 
things. 

I saw Capt. Brem’s Light Artillery drilling last Friday. 
Brother Joe was there, but I did not get a chance to speak to 
him. Their company is splendidly drilled, in fact I think the 
Light Artillery drill is the prettiest drill there is anyhow. We 
can get no particulars from the Roanoke Island fight, as to who 
was killed or wounded. The Richmond and Petersburg papers 
mention no other company than the Richmond Blues and one or 
two other Virginia Companies. I suppose they were there, but 
I think it nothing but right that the North Carolina Regiments 
who were there should get some credit for the part they bore 
in that hard fought battle; for our men certainly did fight well 
and bravely, but somehow or other North Carolina seems never 
to have a special correspondent to puff her up and thus other 
men get all the credit while we do our full share of the work 
and fighting. 

Cousin Lizzie Sloan came down last Friday night and will re- 
main for a week or two with the Colonel. 

We had a little fair weather last week and I thought the 
ground would get dry once but it has been raining now for 
about three days and our camp is getting to be almost a mudhole 
again. 

Please hurry Carmichael up with our uniforms for the 
Orange Guards, for I would like to have mine very much, but I 
do not want it until they all get them. I am very sorry that my 
blue pants are lost, for I wanted them, but I reckon I can do 
without. Excuse such small paper, for it is the best and only 
sort that can be had about here and, as small as it is, it cost 50 
cents per quire. 

I must close as breakfast is ready and the train passes im- 
mediately after breakfast. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. Col. Sloan says please send him a glass of syllabub the 
next time you send a box; for you make the best he ever saw. 
Js Oe Gs 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 115 


Fort Lane N. C. 
Feb 28th 1862 
My Dear MorTHER 

I received your very welcome letter a day or two ago and 
as Lieut. Whitted is going up to Hillsboro tomorrow morning I 
will answer it by him. I received my uniform last night. It fits 
very well, in fact I think it is as good a fit as I ever had. Capt. 
Webb’s and Lieut. Whitted’s fit very well also. 

I wish you would make me two or three shirts like those you 
sent to Willie. He was over here this afternoon and I saw his. 
I have not seen brother Joe within the past week, but will ask 
him about the shirts when I see him. I wish mine trimmed with 
blue instead of yellow. 

I have not used up all the hominy you sent me. We think it 
very good. We will not need any more just now. 

Our company, together with the Guilford Grays and Golds- 
boro Rifles, was moved up from Fort Macon day before yester- 
day. 

They are now camped here with us and I suppose will re- 
main here till our time is out. 

Please tell Father that if he will see Capt. Jo Turner per- 
haps he can get the horse he bought from Hedgepeth, before he 
puts him into the service of the state. 

It is the horse that Robert wrote to me about a day or two 
ago. Capt. Turner gave $135.00 for him. We have heard noth- 
ing from Burnside’s fleet in a day or two. I do not know where 
it is now. 

As it is very late and I am very sleepy and besides, I have to 
get up to Dress Parade at Day break in the morning I must 
close. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
March Ist 


P. S. Please tell Father that I received his letter this morning 
and that I will see about the horse to-day or tomorrow. It is the 


116 JAMEs SprunT Historicat STUDIES 


same horse I wrote about in the first part of my letter. If Capt. 
Turner will consent to let me have the horse before he turns 
him over to the state there will be no trouble about getting him, 
but if he is already put into the service it will be rather a hard 
matter to get him as we will have to go such a round-a-bout 
way to get at him. I will write to Father in a day or two. 
Your son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Fort LANE 
March 7th 1862 
My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter last night. I am not yet 
fully determined as to what course I shall pursue about my ad- 
jutant’s office, but think that I will return to my company in a 
week or two. 

I would rather be with my old company than any company 
I know of; for it is the best drilled company I ever saw and 
one of the best companies I ever saw in every particular. 

I will not go into the ranks again for if I am not re-elected to 
my present office I am not compelled to go into the ranks, but 
can quit and go to work recruiting on my own part. If I am 
re-elected and a better place offers afterwards I can take it then, 
but I think it would be rather the better plan to make sure of 
what I have. I must re-enlist again, for I could not stay at home 
contented and not bear my part while the war lasts. I will write 
again in a few days and let you know what I have determined 
really to do. Even if I should keep my place as Adjutant I will 
not want a horse as our present enlistment will be out in two or 
three months at the farthest and I may not be Adjutant in the 
next Regiment that we are put in. 

We had a snow storm this morning for about three or four 
hours, but about mid-day the sun came out and the snow is 
already gone, though it is still pretty cold. Our men are living 
in tents, but seem to like this place better than Fort Macon. As 
it is so near warm weather I think that they will not build win- 


Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 117 


ter Quarters; for we do not know where we may be sent to as 
soon as the spring opens. I think it very likely that we will stay 
here until our time is out. 
I can very easily sell my saddle to Maj. Gilmer or Lt. Col. 
Singletary for what it cost me. 
There is nothing new. Love to all. Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. Our men were paid off yesterday. I will send you $300 of 
mine by the first chance 
Please tell Mr Parks to make me a pair of heavy shoes like 
those he made for me last August. Tell him to make them % 
inch longer than he did the others. 
I want them made as soon as possible for I am beginning 
to need them 
Your 
AiG 


Kinston March 15th 1862 
My Dear MotTHer 

I wrote to you this morning to let you know that I was safe. 
I have since heard that Willie is also safe, but have not seen him. 
A gentleman told me just now that he knew him to be safe. 
Time will determine. I hope he is safe but have my doubts about 
it. I do not think he is killed, but he may be a prisoner. He was 
on the right where the hardest fighting was but I understand he 
was not engaged in it at all. 

The enemy, 24,000 strong, came upon us about half past 7 
o'clock yesterday morning. We numbered about 6,000 and were 
behind our entrenchments about 5 miles below Newbern. The 
strongest part of the attack was made upon our right. Our 
Regiment was upon the extreme left and was not much engaged 
but the shell fell thick and fast around us, bursting above us 
and all around us. It was terrible, but our men stood it nobly. 
There was but one man killed and three or four wounded in our 
regiment. About 10 o’clock the enemy turned our right flank 
and we were ordered to retreat and such a mess I never saw. I 


118 James SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


endeavored to get our men together, but every man was looking 
out for himself; we retreated to Newberne, but the enemy got 
there in their gun boats almost as soon as we did on land. We 
saw that we could not hold it and therefore set the town on fire 
and retreated to this place. I retreated with the regiment for 
four or five miles when the alarm was given that the enemy 
were upon us. We then scattered through the woods and every 
man took care of himself. I waded through several creeks and 
ditches about waist deep and at last came up with some of our 
cavalry and rode behind them to this place. We afterwards 
found out that this was a false alarm. All of the men in our 
company have come in except four or five. I suppose they will 
come in during the day unless they are prisoners, for none of 
our men were killed when I left them. Capt. Brem’s Artillery 
was cut almost all to pieces, I understand, and their guns taken. 
We had 16 pieces of artillery and lost nearly everyone of them. 
We lost under 50 men killed, among them Lt. Col. Hoke 33rd 
Reg’t and between 50 and 100 wounded. The loss of the enemy 
was 500 or 600. We took one or two prisoners. I do not know 
how many prisoners they took. I lost every thing I had except 
my uniform that I have got on and my overcoat. I do not know 
whether Aleck escaped or not as I left him at our camp when 
we went to the entrenchments and I have not seen or heard of 
him since except that he came over to Newberne soon yesterday 
morning. I got here about 12 o’clock last night and went up to 
Uncle John’s and got a pretty good night’s rest. I did not sleep 
more than one hour and a half in the 48 hours before that and 
was wet to the skin nearly all the time. I have got along pretty 
well but am so tired and broken down now that I can hardly 
stand. I wish you would send me two shirts (check) two pair of 
drawers and two or three pair of socks for I have not had on 
any clean clothes in a week and am as dirty as a hog and have 
no clothes to change. I would write more but am so tired and 
broken down that I can hardly stand. I will write again perhaps 
tomorrow. Love to all. I hope to see you again some of these 
days. 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 119 


Kinston March 19th 1862 
My Dear MotTHErR 


I received the box of provisions you sent me by Aleck Kirk- 
land to day and am very much obliged, for we were without 
anything to eat and I was living around promiscously. The 
blankets and comforter also were very acceptable, for I have 
been sleeping on the floor with a carpet bag for a pillow and 
instead of undressing to go to bed I put on my overcoat which 
was all the bedclothes I had, but I have become accustomed to 
rough living during the last week. I have not had my clothes 
off since last Wednesday night except last Friday night when I 
stayed at Uncle John’s. I could have gotten a very good bed at 
Uncle John’s all the time, but thought it best to be near our 
Regiment so as to be ready at any time if we were called on. 
We will get into our tents in a few more days and then we will 
be better fixed. The fight we had the other day has taught 
me one thing and that is never to carry anything more with me 
than I absolutely need and can carry on my back in case of 
necessity. 

It will not do to try to play soldier and gentleman at the 
same time. In order to be a soldier you must take it rough. Our 
men are pretty well rested and ready and I might even say, 
anxious to be at the enemy again in order to wipe out the re- 
membrance of the run we made. 

They all say they would rather die than run from the 
Yankees again. It is a wonder the Yankees did not take us all 
for they had 27,000 and we only about 4,000. 

Anything sent to our company would be acceptable, but Capt. 
Webb requested me to say to you that the Quarter Master had 
supplied our men or would supply them with clothing in a day 
or two. 

I saw brother Joe & Willie today. They are both very well. 
Willie did not reach here till Sunday morning. Just before the 
battle one of his men remarked “that it was a right big fight 
when three or four men got to fighting, but he did not know 
how it would be when three or four thousand got at it.” 


120 JAMES SPRUNT HIsTorRIcAL STUDIES 


We do not know what was the loss in killed or wounded on 
either side yet. Col. C. M. Avery (33rd Regt) was taken pris- 
oner and Major Carmichael (26th Regt) killed. We lost only 
one man in our company. He was taken prisoner. His name was 
Weinand a dutch man who joined us just before we left Hills- 
boro. I do not know how long we will stay here or what we will 
do. There is nothing new. As it is past Bed time I must close. 
Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp SOUTHWEST 
March 31st 1862 
Dear MoTHER 

As Mr. Dickson is going up in the morning I will write by 
him, though there is nothing to write about here. We are 
camped about four miles below Kinston on the bank of South- 
west Creek and near Southwest meeting house, an ironside bap- 
tist church. 

We had two sermons there yesterday by Mr Faucett a pres- 
byterian preacher from Oxford. We left Camp Blackjack on 
Friday morning and came to Kinston where we stayed until 
Saturday evening when we came to this place. 

I received your letter and bundle on Saturday and sent 
brother Joe’s and Willie’s things to them yesterday. 

Willie is about two miles from us, but brother Joe is still 
above Kinston. He is in the second Brigade and Willie and I 
are in the first. 

If you send me anything to eat please send very little for 
we are allowed to carry only a small amount of baggage and I 
have already nearly as much as I am allowed. 

I will send my white shirts home as I do not want them here 
and two will be as much as I want with the brown one and the 
linsey one you sent me. 

Our company will be out on the 20th of April I understand 
and I hope to be at home at that time, but I want to see the 
Yankees once more before that time and run them and see if it 


——————ee 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 121 


won't feel better to run after them than to have them running 
after us. I heard a day or two ago that we killed and wounded 
4700 of them at the battle of Newbern, but I think it must be 
somewhat exaggerated. Our loss as far as I can hear is 45 
killed 70 wounded and 202 prisoners. I have not time to write 
more. Love to all. Direct your letters to me at Kinston (care 
of Capt. Webb Co G 27th Regt) Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


KINSTON 
May 14th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

I intended to have written to you before this, but I was away 
from Camp all last week about 16 miles below here and since I 
have been back I have hardly had time to write and besides I 
have been so lazy that I could hardly do anything at all. 

We had a fine time last week working all day and sleeping 
on the ground at night without any tent. We are camped near 
Kinston in a large old field without a single tree for shade and 
have to take the sun in all its force and indeed it is very hot in 
the middle of the day. 

I hope that we will be moved somewhere in the woods where 
we can get some shade, for it will be too hot to stay in this old 
field all the summer. 

I think that Willie has returned from Picket, but I have not 
seen him since you were here. 

Brother Joe has been moved up near Goldsboro. 

His company is now attached to the 4th Brigade. I heard a 
day or two ago that Capt. Brem had offered his resignation and 
recommended brother Joe for Capt. of his company. I am glad 
to hear that Johnny has succeeded in raising his company. There 
is nothing new about here. Everything is as dull as can be. 
Please send me a hat number 6 7/8 or 7—about the color of the 
one brother Joe has—a sort of a grey or brownish. As it is 
after bed time I will close Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


122 JAMES SpRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


Near RicHMonD Va 
June 3d 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

We reached Richmond about 12 o’clock on Sunday having 
travelled all the day and night before. We have been walking 
nearly all the time since, sleeping on the ground at night, and 
reached our present camp about dark last night. We have not 
been in the fight at all yet, though we thought that we would 
certainly be in it yesterday. 

Our forces have got a great deal the advantage of the enemy 
so far driving them back in every encounter. Gen. Pettigrew is 
reported killed also Col. Lightfoot, Col. Pender and Lt. Col. J. 
O. Long. 

The loss on both sides is heavy, but ours is not so heavy as 
the enemy’s. Several North Carolina Reg’ts have been engaged 
and in every case did honor to the Old North State. As far as 
I can learn the North Carolinians have done the hardest of the 
fighting. 

I have been suffering with a pretty bad headache for the last 
day or two, but hope to get rid of it in a short while. There is 
no news that I can tell. I will write as often as I can, but doubt 
very much whether I can send my letters off; for I heard yes- 
terday that no mail would leave here soon but I suppose that 
must be a mistake and that letters will be allowed to go. 

I think that Brother Joe’s battery is here, but have not seen 
him. Love to all. I remain 

Your affectionate son 
James A. GRAHAM 


RICHMOND VA 
June Sth 1862 
My Dear MotTHER 
It has been raining almost ever since we have been here and 
looks as though it would continue. 
It does not rain very much in the day, but I don’t think has 
missed a single night since we have been in Virginia. I have 


THE JAMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 123 


been a little unwell and suffering with cold ever since we left 
Kinston, and as our tents afforded so little real protection I have 
been staying in Richmond for the last three days, but expect to 
be able to go to camp again in a very few days or as soon as it 
gets somewhat dry, for I cannot stand sleeping on the wet 
ground. I am staying at the Richmond house—a very good and 
quiet place near the Capitol Square. 

There are some few of our men sick, but not very many. 

J heard yesterday that Gen. Pettigrew, Col. Lightfoot and Lt. 
Col. Long were not killed, as at first reported, but wounded and 
taken prisoners. We also heard yesterday that Gen. Stonewall 
Jackson had attacked and whipped Gen. Shields of the Yankee 
army taking at one time 705 prisoners and at another 400 
prisoners. 

There is nothing more to write. I hardly know where to tell 
you to direct your letters for we stay in one place so short a 
time. I can tell better when I write next time. Love to all 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


PRINCE GEORGE CouNTy VA 
July 11th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 
I have just received your very welcome letter dated June 
30th. Somehow or other letters coming from Hillsboro are al- 
most always delayed some eight or ten days. We are now about 
twenty or twenty five miles below Petersburg having left camp 
at Drury’s Bluff last Sunday. We will go back to camp in about 
a week or a little more I expect, as we left all our tents and 
baggage at camp. I would write a great deal oftener, while 
there is so much excitement in the country, were it not that we 
are on the march nearly all the time and we have little or no 
chance to write for we very seldom stop within reaching dis- 
tance of a town or Post office. I will write as often as I can, but 
you need not be uneasy about me; for I will certainly write if 
Iam wounded or have it arranged so that you can hear if any- 


124 JAMES SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


thing worse befalls me. We have only been in one little brush 
and got one pretty good shelling from the Yankee gun boats, 
but none of our men were hurt at all. If you hear anybody in- 
quiring about the members of our company tell them that they 
are all well and none of them hurt. I will try to comply with 
your request about the use of tobacco. I have quite chewing and 
will try to quit smoking also. I do not use near as much tobacco 
as I used to. Last Monday was my birthday—July 7th—I was 
then 21 and on that day I made a resolve to quite chewing to- 
bacco if possible and I have stuck to it since then and hope that 
I may continue to do so. It has been raining almost ever since 
yesterday morning, but our men have fixed up shelters to keep 
off the rain and are quite comfortably fixed. I have been very 
well except the diarrhoea. I have been suffering with that for a 
short time but not enough to make me any ways sick. If you see 
Mrs Woods tell her that her son is well and not hurt. He has 
written home since your letter was written. You need not be- 
lieve any reports you hear about our company, for if all the 
reports that have been started about us in Richmond were so 
we would have all been dead long ago although we have been in 
none of the real fighting. There is no news. Love to all. When 
you write direct your letters as heretofore. 
Your Affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp LEE NEAR PETERSBURG 
July 16th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 
We arrived at this place on Monday having been on the 
march for eight days, or rather we were not on the march more 
than four or five days; but we were out of camp for eight days. 
We were in one little brush and got shelled by the gunboats, 
but nobody was hurt on our side. It was our company together 
with three other companies of our Reg’t & one Georgia com- 
pany and Brem’s battery and one Virginia battery that fired into 
the Yankee transport “Daniel Webster” about a week ago and 


THE JAmMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 125 


of which I expect you have seen accounts in the newspapers 
before this. It was reported that we almost ruined the vessel 
putting a hole through her boiler and killing several on board 
of her. 

I think that we will stay at this camp for some time, but we 
cannot tell for we don’t know now that we will stay in any one 
place any length of time. I received the box you sent by Lt. 
Whitted and it came very opportunely for we had been living 
on fat meat and crackers for about a week before. 

My shoes are full large in fact rather too large. I want to 
have another pair made, but as I understand Mr Parks will be 
on here in a few days I will wait until he comes and let him take 
my measure to foot a pair of boots for me, for I like boots 
better than shoes for marching especially if it is muddy and we 
have had some pretty tough marching to do in the mud. 

I wish you would have me another pair of grey pants made 
if you can get any cloth that is fit for it. Let Carmichael cut 
them by the same measure as the last pair he cut for me; in 
February I think it was; the uniform that was given to us. 

I wish you would ask Father if I am entitled to vote this 
year as I have not paid any tax and there is no chance for me 
to pay it here or if I am to pay my tax and vote I would be glad 
if he would pay it for me as there is nobody here for me to pay 
it to. One of the members of our company named Piland, from 
about Chapel Hill, died at the hospital in Petersburg last Sun- 
day of brain fever. We left him there when we passed through 
Petersburg the Monday before and when we returned last Mon- 
day we found that he was dead and buried. He was one of our 
recruits, a splendid soldier, and a consistent Christian. He was 
buried in the Cemetary and I have had his grave marked so that 
his friends can find it if they should desire to carry his remains 
home. 

I have not time to write more. Direct your letters to me at 
Camp Lee 

Near Petersburg Va 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


126 James Sprunt Historicat STuDIES 


Camp LEE Va 
July 21st 1862 

My Dear MotTHER 

I received your very welcome letter four or five days ago, 
also the other things sent by Capt. Webb 

I have not used the flannel bandage as I was nearly well 
when I received it. It is too large but I can sew it up and make 
it smaller. I will keep it and use it whenever I have need of it. 

You said in your letter that you wished I could get a fur- 
lough and come home for a while. 

There will be no chance to get a furlough before the winter. 
I hope to be able to get home about Christmas or the Ist of 
January but not before. Cousin Julia Smith is in Petersburg. I 
saw her and Capt. Smith today. Capt. Smith is in the 45th N.C. 
Reg’t I believe 

I heard today that brother Joe’s battery had moved to Drury’s 
Bluff. They have been camped on the other side of Petersburg 
about three miles from us for about a week. 

I have not seen brother Joe since he came from home. 

There is no news about here. As it is bed time I will close. 
I will send this by Walter Thompson who leaves on the early 
train in the morning. Love to all 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp LEE 
July 25th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 
I send you by Mr H. Whitted, who leaves in the morning, 
one of my coats and the blue pr of pants you brought to me at 
Kinston. I will not need them as I have got a new uniform. 
My old one was beginning to look so shabby after these 
marches that I thought I had better get a new one and keep my 
old one to wear on the marches. It costs me $105 rather a high 
price, but every thing is very high. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 127 


Perhaps these clothes I send home will fit Robert. I would 
like to keep the blue pants as we can’t get any cloth near as good 
here, but they are too short for me and I expect will fit Robert 
very well. 

I received the pants sent by Mr. Carmichael. They fit very 
well. I wish you would send me some potatoes and other vege- 
tables whenever you get a chance for we have to pay exorbitant 
prices for every thing here. 

There is no news. We hear little or nothing of what is going 
on elsewhere, though we get the papers every day. 

I have entirely recovered from my diarrhoea at last and am 
fattening every day. 

Love to all 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp LEE 
Aug sth 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

As Mr Webb is going home this evening I will write by him. 

I wish you would make me two flannel undershirts if you 
can get any flannel in Hillsboro, for I will need them this winter 
and I expect flannel is cheaper now than it will be then. 

The weather for the last two or three days has been very 
warm. I think yesterday was the hottest day I ever felt and it 
is not much cooler to-day. 

I directed the Petersburg Express to be sent to you last 
Monday. When you write please let me know whether it comes 
regularly or not. 

Enclosed you will find the receipt for it for one year. 

There is no news here Everything seems to be at a stand still. 
The Richmond papers yesterday gave an account of an engage- 
ment at Malvern Hills in which our troops were driven back. 

The papers this morning say that an engagement is imminent 
between Jackson and Pope somewhere about Gordonsville and 
seemed to think that they would be fighting today. Capt. Webb 


128 James Sprunt Historicat STupDIEs 


has gone to Raleigh after conscripts for our Reg’t and may pos- 
sibly visit Hillsboro before he returns. I must close. Love to all. 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Brvouac Near RICHMOND 
Aug 23d 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 
We leit our camp near Petersburg about daylight last Wed- 
nesday morning and arrived here the next day. We leit our 
tents at Petersburg as we did not know how far we were going. 
I do not know how long we will stay here, but expect that we 
will camp somewhere near here. As soon as we go into camp I 
will write to you and let you know where we are. When you write 
direct your letters to Richmond for they will be sent to us if 
Wwe move away from here. It is reported this morning that the 
Yankee Gen. Pope is retreating and that Gen. Jackson is pur- 
suing him up the valley. 
I will send this by Mr. Allen Brown who is here on a visit. 
Love to all 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Rapipan STATION 
Aug 31st 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 
I expected that we would have left this place before now but 
we have been laying here waiting orders. This is the prettiest 
country I ever saw. We are about thirty or forty miles south- 
east, of the Blue Ridge and in full view of the mountains. 
We will leave this place tomorrow morning to join the rest 
of the army. I heard yesterday that Gen. Jackson had whipped 
Pope again at Manassas or Bull Run and it is thought that they 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 129 


will have a big fight somewhere in that part of the country today 
or tomorrow. There is little or no news here. We do not see a 
newspaper oftener than about once a week. When you write 
direct your letters 

Ligut. JAMES A. GRAHAM 

Co. G 27th Regt N. C. Troops 

Walker’s Brigade 

Richmond Va 
and they will be forwarded to us from Richmond. I will write 
to you when we get to Washington City or Baltimore. 

Love to all. Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp Near MartTINsBuRG VA 
Sept 21st 1862 

My Dear MoTHER 

I would have written before this but we have been on the 
march ever since we left Rapidan Station and I have had no chance 
to send a letter. We have been marching every day this Month 
and several times we have marched all night. We were at Har- 
per’s Ferry when it was taken, but our Reg’t was not engaged. 
Our Reg’t was in the fight at Sharpsburg Md. last Wednesday 
(17th) and lost nearly 200 men killed and wounded. I escaped 
without a single scratch. Our company lost 3 killed and 20 
wounded. The killed are W. J. Hopkins, J. I. Jackson & O. A. 
Watson. The wounded are Lt. J. Y. Whitted in leg Serg’t Car- 
michael in leg severe Capt. R. Richards in hand very slight 
Private F. P. Clark in leg slight C. S. Cooley in arm slight, L. 
Dunnegan in head slight, J. N. Faucett in thigh severe L. Hall 
in shoulder very slight, J. A. Hayes in face slight, Merritt in 
stomach severe, J. Miles thigh slight A. N. Paul in arm slight. 
W. T. Patterson in leg since amputated, W. T. Shields in thigh 
severe, Sneed in foot slight, Terry in head slight, D. Thompson 
in neck slight, Walker in arm severe, J. R. Whitted in shoulder 
slight, G. W. Woods in both thighs very severe. J. L. Cooley is 


130 JaMeEs Sprunt HistToricAL STUDIES 


missing but I hope may yet come up safe. Lt. Whitted fell into 
the hands of the enemy and I was in charge of the company 
during the remainder of the fight as Lt. Dickson was sick and 
Capt. Webb in Raleigh. It was the hottest time I ever saw and I 
am very thankful that I came out unhurt for I hardly thought 
I could escape where so many were falling. Our Reg’t took a 
battery from the enemy and in fact covered themselves with 
honor. No troops could display more cool determination & 
bravery than they did. Four of our men viz Shields, W. T. 
Patterson, Merritt, & G. W. Woods were left in the hospital on 
the other side of the river when we crossed to this side and fell 
into the hands of the enemy, but they will be well cared for as 
our Surgeon stayed with them. The rest of our company are 
getting along very well. 

There is no news. I will write as often as I can and if I 
should get hurt will get somebody to write for me. Love to all. 
I remain 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
Please send the enclosed note to Mr Heartt 


Camp Near WINCHESTER 

Sept 29, 1862 
DEAR MoTHER 

Our Regiment has been on the march ever since we left 

Rapidan (Sept 1), with the exception of four or five days last 
week when we were camped near Martinsburg Va. We went 
from Rapidan via Culpepper court house, Warrenton, Manas- 
sass and Leesburg to Fredericksburg Md., then recrossed the 
Potomac and came to Harpers Ferry, were there the day after 
its capture, then we crossed the Potomac at Shepardston and 
proceeded to Sharpsburg Md. and were engaged in the battle 
there on the 17th. Our Regiment went into the fight with 299 
men and 26 officers, was engaged for 7 hours and lost 187 men 
and 16 officers killed and wounded. Our men behaved very well 
and were highly commended by every General on the field and 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 131 


Gen. Lee said that a charge our two regiments made, changed 
the fortunes of the day. During the hottest part of the fight the 
enemy brought two artillery pieces 250 or 300 yds of us. Col. 
Cooke ordered our company and three others to fire upon them 
and before their could get their pieces into action we had killed 
every horse hitched to them and half the men. Our two regi- 
ments were then ordered to charge. This we did with a yell and 
the army opposed to us (34th N. Y. and 126th Pa.) ran like 
sheep. We pursued them for about half a mile, when, seeing 
we were not supported by other forces and our ammunition was 
getting low so we retreated in good order. We feel sure that if 
we had been supported we would have carried the day because 
we made a hole in the enemys fortifications. .. . 
[UNSIGNED ] 


Camp NEAR WINCHESTER VA 
Sept 29th 1862 
My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 14th inst, two days 
ago enclosing the letter to Gen. Jackson, which I will hand to 
him if we are camped anywhere within reach of him again. We 
were within about a mile of his camp all last week near martins- 
burg, but we were moved down here two days ago and I do not 
know where his corps is camped now. Speaking of my getting a 
higher position I think that our Colonel stands a very good 
chance for promotion to a Brig. Gen’ship, as there are several 
vacancies now, and I feel pretty certain that I will be on his 
staff if he is promoted. 

Our Reg’t has been on the march ever since we leit Rapidan 
(Sept Ist) with the exception of four or five days last week 
when we were camped near Martinsburg Va. We went from 
Rapidan via Culpepper C. H. Warrenton Manassas & Lees- 
burg to Frederick City, Md. then recrossing the Potomac we 
came to Harper’s Ferry and were there when it surrendered. 
We left there the day after its capture and crossing the Potomac 
again at Shepherdstown proceeded to Sharpsburg Md and were 


hoz James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


engaged in the battle there on the 17th. Our Reg’t went into the 
fight with 299 men and 26 officers, were engaged for 7 hours 
and lost 187 men & 16 officers killed & wounded. Our men be- 
haved very well and we were very highly complimented by every 
Gen. on the field. 

Our Col. (Cooke) commanded our Right and the 3d Ark. 
Reg’t and Gen. Lee said that a charge that our two Reg’ts 
made changed the fortunes of the day. During the hottest part 
of the fight the enemy brought up two pieces of artillery to 
within 250 or 300 yards of us, Col. Cooke ordered our Company 
and three other Cos on the left to fire upon them and before 
they could get their pieces into action we had killed every horse 
hitched to them and about half the men. Our two Reg’ts were 
then ordered to charge. This we did with a yell and the enemy 
opposed to us (34th N. Y. & 125th Pa Reg’ts) ran like sheep. 
We pursued them for nearly half a mile when seeing that we 
were not supported by other forces and our ammunition giving 
out we were ordered to fall back to our original position. This 
we did in good order and maintaining our position there during 
the remainder of the day. 

If we had only been supported by the rest of our troops we 
would have carried the day before us for we broke their lines 
completely. We lay on the battle field all that night and the next 
day and the next night were ordered to fall back to this side of 
the river. The enemy no doubt will claim a great victory 
there, but they did not get it, for they were driven back both 
on the right and left and we held our own in the centre or 
rather drove them back a little. 

Lt. Jas. Y. Whitted was wounded and taken prisoner when 
we fell back from our charge and I was in command of our Co. 
during the rest of the fight as Lt. Dickson was sick and Capt. 
Webb in Raleigh, I have heard since that Lt. Whitted’s leg has 
been amputated, but do not know whether it is so or not. Our 
Co went into the fight with 29 men and lost 23, but several of 
our wounded have since returned to duty—as they were only 
slightly wounded and a good many of our sick having gotten 
well and come in we now number 45. 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 133 


Among the officers killed in our Regt was Capt. Wm Adams 
a son of Mr Peter Adams of Greensboro and Capt. who 
was formerly a cadet at Col. Tew’s school. Gen. L. O’B Branch 
and Col. Tew were also killed. The Yankee papers admit a loss 
of 13 Gens. killed & wounded. I have seen no official account of 
the loss on either side but feel certain from what I saw of the 
battle field that the enemy’s loss far exceeded ours. I escaped 
without a single scratch. The balls seemed to hit all around me 
as thick as hail, but fortunately they missed me. 

Please get a pair of my old bootlegs at home and have Parks 
to foot them for me, for I will need boots this winter if we stay 
in this part of the country. Tell him to make them ¥% size 
smaller than the last pr of shoes he made for me last June or 
July. Please send them to me as soon as he can fix them or by 
the first person coming up this way. We have had two or three 
pretty heavy frosts during the last week and the nights are quite 
cool, but it is still right warm in the middle of the day. 

Cap. Webb caught up with us about four days ago and 
brought me a letter from Mother. Tell Mother that I will write 
to her in a few days. Ask Mother please to have me some yarn 
socks knit, for they will be better than cotton socks in this part 
of the country. I will write as often as I can. Love to all. 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 





Camp NrEar WINCHESTER VA 

Oct 2d 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

As Mr. Cohen is going to Raleigh in the morning and per- 

haps to Hillsboro I will write by him. We have been here since 
Saturday night, but I do not know how long we will stay for 
we are liable to move at any time. All of our wounded men are 
getting along very well and several of them who were only 
slightly wounded have returned to duty with the company. I 
heard this evening that Serg’t Carmichael (a son of Mr Car- 
michael the tailor) had died of his wounds. He was left at the 


134 JAMES SPRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


hospital at Sharpsburg when we fell back to this side of the 
river. 

We can hear nothing at all of Lieut. Whitted who was 
wounded & taken or of Jim Cooley who was missing. 

I wish that you would send me by Mr Cohen when he re- 
turns, or by the first person you see coming direct to our Reg’t 
two or three pairs of yarn socks, two prs of drawers & two 
undershirts, for I have lost a part of my underclothing. I hardly 
know how. I have enough to get along with for a while, but » 
will need more before long for it will soon be cold up here. In 
my letter to Father last Monday I asked him to send a pair of 
my old boots to Parks to foot for me. I wish them made ¥4 size 
smaller than the last pair of shoes he made for me last June. I 
wish them made stout with broad flat heels. Please send them by 
Mr Cohen when he returns. 

There is no news. Everything seems to be at a stand about 
here. I saw Capt. Avery, who married Cousin Sue Morrison, a 
day or two ago. Also Capt. Sam Kirkland. They have both 
lately returned from home. I hope to get a furlough and come 
home once more when we get into winter quarters, but I do not 
know when that will be. Love to all. I remain 

Your affectionate Son 

James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. If you see Mrs. Woods tell her that her son George is 
getting along very well. He is the same one you wrote me about 
while we were at Petersburg. He was quite badly wounded, but 

I heard from him this evening and he is improving very fast. 

Tell Leah that Alex is getting along very well and is becom- 
ing quite a good cook. Please send me some shirts & a pr of 
pants for him 

Your &c 
J. A. GRAHAM 


THE JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 135 


Camp Near WINCHESTER VA 
Oct 19th 1862 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter of the 11th inst yester- 
day evening. 

We are still about four or five miles from Winchester, but 
I do not know how long we will stay here. The nights are be- 
coming quite cool and we have had several very heavy frosts 
lately, but it is still warm in the middle of the day. 

I suppose you have seen the accounts in the papers of Gen. 
Stuart’s trip into Pennsylvania and around the Yankee lines. 

We get the Richmond papers pretty regularly now; about 
three days after they are published; and get all our news from 
them, even about our own movements, for we know very little 
of what is going on in the army except in our own Reg’t or 
Brigade. 

We received the news yesterday evening of Bragg’s glorious 
victory in Kentucky. 

I hope that the papers tomorrow may confirm it. 

I have been suffering a little with diarrhoea lately, but am 
nearly well of it now. We are living now on fresh beef and 
bread. It isa hard matter to buy anything in this country, for it 
is nearly cleared of all eatables; as either our army or the 
Yankee army have been occupying it nearly all the time since 
the war commenced. There is no news. Love to all. 

I remain 
Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Bivouac NEAR PETERSBURG 
Jan 9th 1863 
My Dear MotTHer 
I received your very welcome letter sent by Chas. Cooley on 
the 3d inst while on the march, also received the one sent by 
Capt. Whitted last night. 
We reached this place day before yesterday evening pretty 
well tired down, having marched from Fredericksburg in four 


136." James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


days and a half. Where we will go now or what we will do I do 
not know, but it is pretty generally supposed that we will go to 
North Carolina. I hope we will go there for I would rather 
drive the Yankees away from there than anywhere else. 

The box containing my uniform has been lost. Mr. Parks 
brought it to Richmond with him and not being able to get it 
through left it with Mr. Cheek with instructions to send it 
home if he could get no chance to send it on. He sent it to 
Hillsboro and it was started again by Walter Thompson. He 
lost it in Raleigh as he came on. 

He told me that he would use every endeavor to recover it, 
but I am afraid that it is a poor chance. 

I wish you would have me a pair of pants made by the 
measure left with Carmichael when I was at home last. I will 
wait a while before I will have another coat made. Please have 
my pants made as soon as you can for I need them pretty badly. 

I have asked Aleck the questions you wrote. He says that no- 
body was up in the Red house when he left to go to the depot- 
Richard was sitting up in a chair asleep, but nobody was awake. 

He says that he saw no one come out of the House. He saw 
Rhoda out in the yard when he went to the house. 

He says that Haywood and Edmund left the lot and went 
off in the early part of the night and that he did not see them 
afterwards. They were not there when he went to the depot 
and he did not see them till next morning. I hope that if our 
house was set afire the guilty one may be found out and 
punished. 

Say to Aunt Eliza that I am very much obliged to her for the 
jar of pickles sent by Capt. Whitted. In your letter of Dec 29th 
you said that you were afraid I was using too much tobacco. L 
think that I use less tobacco now than I have done heretofore. 
My health is very good now except a little cold. We had a 
slight fall of snow last night but it is nearly all melted already. 
Tell Willie that I will write to him in a day or two. There is no 
news. I will write again as soon as I find out where we are 
going. Love to all. 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 137 


Camp Near SoutH WasHINcTON, N. C. 
Jan 30th 1863 


My Dear MorHer 

As Mr Hall is going up in the morning I will write by him. 

I received a letter from Father this evening dated Raleigh 
Jan 20th. 

The weather for the past two days has been clear and it is 
almost the only clear weather we have seen since we left Golds- 
boro. We are camped in a pine thicket and have to burn pine 
wood, as any other sort is very scarce about here, and conse- 
quently get smoked as black as can be. Sometimes it seems al- 
most impossible to tell whether some of the men are white or 
black they get smoked so. 

If you have enough of that cloth left, like that my coat was 
made of which was sent by Walter Thompson and which he lost, 
I wish you would let me have it and let Carmichael make me 
another coat by the same measure he made that. 

If you have the cloth please have it made at once, as I have 
no uniform coat at all, and send it to me by the first person com- 
ing to our Reg’t who will take care of it. Please send me also 
2 prs drawers, 2 shirts & 2 prs socks. 

Somebody stole a part of my clothing while it was coming 
on from Virginia in the wagons. I am very glad that they did 
not take either one of my knit undershirts. 

I think that I have entirely recovered my health and am as 
fleshy now as I ever was. I think I will be able to get a furlough 
about the latter part of February as Dickson’s time comes be- 
fore mine and it will be a week or so before he can get his. 
There is no news at all in this part of the world. Everything is 
as dull as can be. When you write direct your letters 

Lr. Jas. A. GRAHAM 
Co. G. 27th: Rese NGI: 
Cooke’s Brigade 
via Goldsboro 
I ai@e 


138 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


Johnny & Robert are in Gen. Ransom’s Brigade near Kenans- 
ville I believe. Love to all Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. 3lst As Mr Hall did not leave this morning I will send 
my letter by mail. Please knit me another undershirt for some- 
body stole one of mine out of the tub when I sent it out to 


wash yesterday. It seems that a soldier will steal anything— 
VYouts Jit.1G. 


CooSAWHATCHIE So. Ca. 
Mar 2d 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

We are now down in the swamps and rice lands of eastern 
“Carolina’. I believe that we are in Beaufort Districts. We left 
Charleston a week ago this morning and arrived at Pocotaligo 
that evening, stayed there till Wednesday when we started for 
this place and reached here Wednesday evening. This is the low- 
est and swampiest country I ever saw. We can hear the enemy’s 
big guns almost every day. 

George Washington is Aid-de-Camp to Gen. W. S. Walker 
who is in command down here. 

We have at last got tents enough for the men, for the first 
time since last August. I have had a tent for the last two weeks 
and it is the first time I have been in a tent since we left Rich- 
mond on the Maryland march last summer. 

There is no news at all. I must close to be in time for the 
mail. Love to all 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P.S. Direct your letters via Charleston S. C. 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 139 


CoosAWHATCHIE S, C, 
March 15th 1863 
My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of the 7th inst. two or 
three days ago. We are still down here in the swamps, but I 
hope will not have to stay here this summer, for; although it is 
very healthy now; it must certainly be very sickly during the 
summer months. 

The health of our Reg’t is better now than it has been dur- 
ing the past year. 

I have not visited Charleston yet, but, if I do go there at 
any time, will certainly call on the gentlemen you mentioned in 
your letter. 

The enemy seem to be keeping pretty still, at least about 
this part of the country, but there is no telling at what time they 
will make a movement. I think that we will be able to with- 
stand them if they come up here; for we are very well fixed up 
for a fight. I see from the papers some days ago that Gen. 
Burnsides has been assigned to the command of the Yankee 
forces in this department. It seems that our Reg’t meets him 
wherever we go, for, in every fight that we have been in yet, 
we have met him. 

There is no news at all downhere. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


CoosAWHATCHIE S. C. 
March 22d 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received a letter from Father, sent by one of our men, a 
few days ago. 

We are having a very fine time down here with the gnats 
and sandflies. Some days they bite very bad, and I expect that 
we will have mosquitoes by the bushel in a few more weeks. 
The weather for the past three or four days has been very cold 
for this season of the year and this with the rain that has fallen 


140 JaMEs SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 


for two days renders it quite disagreeable, but the sun has come 
out today and it is a good deal warmer. 

I wish you would send me a box of eatables about the mid- 
dle of next month, as there will be an opportunity of sending it 
then. Rev, T. L. Troy comes to our Brigade once a month and 
will bring boxes for any one living on the N.C. R. R. or W & 
W.R. R. He will start on the 15th of next month; so that if 
you will have a box ready and send it to the Depot on the even- 
ing of the 14th he will bring it. Have the box weighed and the 
weight marked on it. Have the box marked 

Lr. J. A. GRAHAM 
Co. G. 27th N. C. Troops 
Cooke’s Brigade 
Care of Rev. T. L. Troy: 
It would be better not to send much cooked provisions as the 
box may be four or five days on the road. 

Mr Troy has a separate car and calls at all the Depots for 
boxes that may be there. 

Please send me a big cake and a bottle or two of brandy as 
the water we have to drink down here is enough to make almost 
any body sick. 

My health has been very good so far and I am as heavy, if 
not heavier, than I ever was before. There is no news. The 
papers give us very slim accounts of Gen. Hill’s advance on 
Newberne. I wish that we could take that place from the 
Yankees. It is but little over a year ago since they made us 
leave it. 

The Yankees seem to be keeping very quiet now, but there 
is no telling how soon they may make a start some where. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 141 


CooSAWHATCHIE So. Ca. 
March 29th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received the Jacket, you sent, yesterday; but do not know 
who brought it as I was away from Camp when it came. I was at 
work all day yesterday building a bridge and the gnats and 
sandflies were so bad on the river bank that we had to build up 
fires and work in the smoke to keep them off. In front of al- 
most every house about here you see a stand built up and cov- 
ered over with dirt. I could not imagine at first what they were 
used for ; but, on inquiring, found out that the people here build 
fires of pine knots on them to draw the mosquitoes &c, &c out 
of the house. 

We have had very pretty weather for the past week, but this 
morning it commenced raining and looks now as though it had 
set in for a long wet spell; but I hope not. 

Have you heard from Willie lately? I wrote to him soon 
after we came to this place to get me some cloth, for a uniform, 
in Richmond and have not heard from him since. 

I will send one of my coats home by the first opportunity 
as I do not need two coats and a Jacket in camp and would have 
no way of carrying it if we were on the march, but I do not 
think we will have much marching to do as long as we stay in 
this country. 

There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand 
still. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. I have just father’s letter of the 26th inst sent by Mr 
Thompson, also the papers for which I am much obliged as it 
is a very hard matter for us to get either papers or news down 
here. 

I will write to Father in a day or two. 

Yours &c 
aes 


142 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


CoosAWHATCHIE, S. C. 
April 12th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I expected when I last wrote that we would have left this 
place before this time, but the fight at Charleston has come off 
and we were not there as I expected. I need not give you an 
account of the fight at Charleston; for you have no doubt seen 
as full accounts of it in the papers as we have. 

We had a little fun down here a few days ago. A Yankee 
gun boat came up the Coosaw river and our battery with one or 
two other batteries from Pocotaligo were sent down to take it. 
After firing a few rounds at it the Yankees run up the white 
flag set the boat afire and took to the swamp on the other side of 
the river. We got three prisoners off the burning boat, all of 
them badly wounded. Our Regt was not with the batteries al- 
though we were packed up and expected to go. We have been 
under marching orders and ready to move for the past four or 
five days, but I expect we will not move from here now until 
the enemy attack Charleston again. 

I had a letter from Willie a few days ago. He says that he 
will let me have enough of the cloth that he got for himself to 
make me a uniform coat, as I have not been able to get any 
cloth down here. 

I wish that you would send me a pr of pants for Aleck by 
the first opportunity. There is nothing new. Love to all. Write 
soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


P. S. Please direct your letters to Pocotaligo instead of Coosa- 
whatchie as I will get them sooner in that way. I have not had 
a letter from you or Father either since March 26th. 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 143 


Camp Near WILMINGTON, N.C. 
April 26th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

We left Coosawhatchie last Thursday and reached Wilming- 
ton yesterday evening. I am glad that we have got back to 
North Carolina again and hope that we will stay here some time. 
We are camped about three miles south of Wilmington on the 
Cape Fear river. 

I met Johnny in town yesterday. He told me that he had 
been here about a month on a Court Martial. 

Has Willie sent any cloth to you for me? If he has please 
send it to me by the first opportunity and I will have my coat 
made in Wilmington. I received my box when we got to Charles- 
ton Thursday night and am very much obliged. It came in a very 
good time, for we were nearly out of anything good to eat at 
that time. I received your letter from Einhart Place the day 
before we left Coosawhatchie. It was the first letter I have had 
from home since March 26th. 

If we stay here any length of time I will try to get a fur- 
lough and come home. There is no news. Direct your letters to 
Wilmington. Love to all. 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


WitminctTon No. Ca. 

May 3d 1863 
My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of Ap’l 23d also the one 

sent by Mr. Thompson two or three days ago. I received the 
box sent by Mr Troy as we came through Charleston on our 
way to this place. Mr Thompson brought the bag of hominy 
when he came, also the bundle containing a pair of pants for 
Alex &c. I have seen Johnny several times since we have been 
here. I was in Wilmington today and heard Bishop Atkinson 
preach, 


144 James Sprunt HistortcaL STUDIES 


I expect that we will leave here in a day or two and go to 
Magnolia on the W & W. R. R. as Clingman’s Brigade arrived 
here today and it is our luck to keep moving. Capt. Whitted’s 
resignation has been accepted and Dickson is now Capt. of our 
Co. Iam Ist Lieut. R. D. Patterson has been elected 3d Lieut. 
I will send by Capt. Whitted a coat which I have no need for 
now. 

Has Willie sent any cloth home for me? There is no news. 
Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


GotpsBoro No. Ca 
May 10th 1863 

My Dear MorTuHER 

We left Wilmington last Monday and came up to Magnolia, 
stayed there till Thursday when we took the train for this place. 
We are camped two miles from Goldsboro on the Rail Road to 
Kinston. I have no idea how long we will stay here or where 
we will go when we leave, but I suppose will either go to Kin- 
ston or Fredericksburg wherever we are most needed. Cousin 
Sue Avery is in Goldsboro. I went to see her a day or two ago. 
She sends her best love to you. I was in Goldsboro today and 
heard the Rev. Mr Mangum from Orange preach a very good 
sermon. 

We get news from the battle at Fredericksburg very slowly. 
I heard yesterday that Matt. Manly was killed in that battle. If 
you can get any good grey cloth in Hillsboro please have me a 
pair of pants made. Let Carmichael cut them by the same meas- 
ure as the last ones he cut for me. There is not a bit of news 
here. Love to all. Direct your letters to Goldsboro. I remain 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 145 


Camp Near KINSTON 
May 26th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

We have just returned from a trip after the Yankees. Last 
Friday morning we received orders to be ready to march and 
about eleven o’clock we left camp and started in the direction of 
Gum Swamp, on the road to Newbern, where it was reported 
that our forces were engaged with the Yankees. Soon after we 
started I heard that the enemy had surrounded and taken the 
whole of the 56th Reg’t and a part of the 25th Reg’t also. 

I met some of those Reg’ts soon after and found out the 
25th Reg’t had escaped and also part of the 56th, but could 
hear nothing of Robert except that he was very likely taken 
prisoner. 

About five or six miles from Kinston our Brigade formed 
line of battle and commenced advancing on the Yankees who 
had already taken the back track toward Newbern. We caught 
up with the Yanks after a short while and had a little skirmish- 
ing and artillery firing with them, but they soon skedaddled and 
we followed right on their track. 

We kept the chase up till about midnight skirmishing with 
them whenever we could catch up with them and trying our 
artillery on them when they were too far for our rifles. Their 
artillery would reply once in a while. Next morning we came 
up with them at Core Creek, drove their pickets across the creek 
and followed them till night, driving them as far as Batchelor’s 
Creek about 8 miles from Newbern, and then started on our 
return. 

We reached Camp yesterday morning pretty well tired and 
as dirty and black a set as I ever saw. I was not with the Reg’t 
on the march as I was act’g as ordnance Officer for Gen’! Cook 
and had to follow in the rear with the Ordnance train. 

Our Company lost no men at all and our Brigade very few, 
although we were in front all the time, for it was a hard matter 
to get up with the Yanks and they always ran whenever we 
fired on them. I met Robert yesterday morning as we came to 


146 James SpruntT HistToricat STUDIES 


camp. He got out all safe after laying in the swamp some time. 
Lt. Ray, the lst Lt. of his company, was wounded and taken 
prisoner I understand. Johnny told me that 19 of his men were 
taken. We are camped about 3 or 4 miles from Kinston in the 
same camp we occupied a little over a year ago. I think we will 
very likely stay here some time. I must close. Love to all. Write 
soon 

Your affectionate son 

James A. GRAHAM 


P. S. I have seen Uncle James Bryan several times since we 
have been at Kinston but have not seen Uncle John yet, as we 
started on this trip just about the time he came home. 
Your &c 
Ae 


Camp JOHNSTON NEAR KINSTON 
June 3d 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

Our Reg’t leaves for Virginia tomorrow morning. J had 
hoped that we would stay in this part of the country some time 
but we are now ordered to Petersburg. I do not know whether 
we will stay at Petersburg or go to Northern Virginia and I do 
not much care; for when we once get started I am willing to go 
most anywhere. 

I send you a measure, enclosed, for Austin Whitted to make 
me a pair of boots by. I wish that you would have them made 
as soon as possible, for these I now have are almost completely 
worn out. 

Let him make the fronts of the calfskin I got when I was 
at home and he can furnish the leather for the backs and soles. 

The shortest notch on this measure is for the toes, the next 
for the instep and the length of the foot and the longest for the 
heels. Please send my boots to me as soon as made for I need 
them very much. 


—_—er. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 147 


There is no news at all. I will write to you again as soon as 
we get to a stopping place. Love to all. 
I remain 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp BELow RICHMOND 
June 14th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

Since we left North Carolina we have been pretty much on 
the move all the time. We went first to Richmond and, from all 
we could hear, I expected we would stay there a week or two 
at least, but last Wednesday morning about daybreak we took 
the cars for South Anna bridge about 3 miles from Hanover 
Court House. 

We stayed there till Friday evening guarding bridges and 
performing picket duty. We then came back to Richmond and 
after moving about through this country settled down in this 
camp this morning. 

We are about six miles from Richmond on what is called the 
central road, leading from Richmond to Charles City C. H. 

From the way in which we have started I expect that we 
will have as much marching and moving about to do this Sum- 
mer as we had last Fall. I believe that I like moving about as 
much as I do staying in camp; for we then get a chance to see 
something of the country. 

I heard as we came through Richmond Friday night that Mr 
Robin Jones was killed in the Cavalry fight near Culpepper C. 
H. last week. He was Capt. of a Company of S. C. Cavalry I 
believe. I have heard nothing of Willie’s company, but suppose 
it was in the fight, as I saw in the papers that the Col. of his 
Reg’t was killed. 

Brother Joe’s Battery is down here near us, I understand. I 
don’t know where Johnny and Robert are. 


148 JaAMEs SpruNT HistoricAL STUDIES 


I have not heard a word from either you or Father since I 
was at home; and it is now about a month since I was there; 
though I have written five or six times. I wrote to Father from 
Richmond last Monday or Tuesday. 

Please write soon. Direct your letters to me 

Co. G, 27th Rest NyGa 
Cooke’s Brigade 
via Richmond -Va. 
There is no news at all. Love to all. I remain 
Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp Near RicHMonpD VA 
July 3d 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

We have just returned from a trip after the Yankees. Rich- 
mond for the past three or four days has been all astir with re- 
ports of the advance of the Yankees. Wednesday night it was 
ascertained that the enemy had advanced on the Williamsburg 
road to within 15 or 16 miles of the city. Some persons said 
they were 10,000 strong and some went even so far as to put 
them down at 40,000. Thursday morning our brigade, together 
with the rest of the troops around here, started to meet them. 
We advanced across the Chickahominy river; or rather creek, 
for it is a very small stream where we crossed it; and when we 
were some three or four miles beyond it the troops in advance 
came upon the Yankees who began to fall back after firing a 
few shots. After they once got started they did not stop except 
to fire a few rounds now and then. A portion of Ransom’s 
N.C. and Jenkins S. C. Brigades with some Artillery were the 
only troops engaged on our side. Our brigade was held rather 
in reserve. After following them till about 10 o’clock last night 
we started on our return to camp. We reached Camp this morn- 
ing pretty tired and sleepy as we had slept only about 7 hours 
during the past two nights. I heard this morning that our cavalry 
had driven the enemy under cover of their gunboats at the White 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 149 


house on the Pamunkey river. Instead of finding the enemy 
from 10,000 to 40,000 strong, as was reported, we found only 
two brigades who were out on a foraging expedition, at least so 
I heard this morning, and the “On to Richmond” turned out to 
be a mere nothing. Our loss as far as I have heard was only one 
killed and two or three wounded. I do not know what was the 
loss of the enemy. We took several prisoners and they seemed 
rather glad of being taken than otherwise. 

I received your very welcome letter a day or two ago, in 
which you stated that you had written to me on the 13th ult. and 
sent me $50, also that you had written to me two or three times 
since. I went to the Post office and enquired but could find no 
letter there for me. I suppose it must have gotten lost some- 
where on the way, for your last letter is the only one I have 
received from you since I was at home. 

I received a letter from Mother this morning by Mr Hall. 
Also my boots and vest. The boots are a little large, but will 
do very well, the vest fits very well. 

Johnny and Robert are still camped near us. I saw Johnny 
yesterday. I do not think their Regiment was engaged in the 
skirmish yesterday. 

Everything seems to be as quiet here now as though there 
had not been any Yankees near here lately, and but for the 
soreness of our feet we would hardly know that we had been 
marching at all. 

We have had rain almost every day for the past week or 
ten days but it seems to have cleared up again. The weather is 
very hot. 

Please send me the $50 I wrote for when you receive this as 
I am a little behind in the money line just now. Love to all. 
Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


150 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


Camp Near RicHMonD VA 
July 7th 1863 
My Dear MorTHER 

I received your very welcome letter of June 30th a few days 
ago. Also my vest and boots sent by Mr Hall. The boots are 
rather too large, but I will make them do. The vest fits pretty 
well, 

Weare having a plenty of rain now and I am afraid that it 
is rather too much for the wheat crop. We had a very heavy 
shower all yesterday evening and my tent, which is in rather a 
low place, was a perfect mudhole, almost as bad as a hogpen; 
but I kept tolerably dry as I had my bed up on some polls. The 
sun is trying to shine this morning and I hope it will soon be 
dry again. 

The news from our army everywhere is very encouraging. 
Judging from the Yankee accounts, which are all we can get 
now, I think that Gen. Lee has given the Yanks a sound thresh- 
ing at Gettysburg Pa. Our loss of officers, as usual, seems to be 
very heavy; six Generals killed or wounded, among the latter 
Gen. Pender of N. C. Three N. C. Cols. are reported killed viz 
Bennett, Parker, & Avery. I do not know which Avery this is 
whether the Col. of the 6th or 33d, but heard that it was Col. 
I. E. Avery of the 6th N.C. 

From all accounts that I can hear the old North State bore 
her part as nobly as ever. It was reported last night, but I ex- 
pect it was all a hoax, that Gen. Stuart had entered Washington 
City with his Cavalry while the rest of the army was engaged 
at Gettysburg last Friday. I wish that we were with the army 
in Maryland and Pennsylvania, for I would a great deal rather 
be there with the main army than to be here running after the 
Yankees every now and then. But somebody has to be here to 
defend Richmond and, as it has fallen to our lot, I must be con- 
tent with it. 

This is my birthday and I wish very much that I could spend 
it at home in peace and quiet as I did three years ago, but it 
cannot be. I think though that, if our arms continue to be 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 151 


crowned with victory as they have been lately; we will have 
peace long before this time next year. Our sky seems to me now 
to be brighter than it has ever been heretofore. 

I wish you would send me two pairs of yarn socks by the 
first opportunity for my socks are nearly all worn out. 

I need not write you the news, for you will no doubt get 
the papers as soon if not sooner than this letter. I send you sev- 
eral photographs of our generals which I wish you would keep 
for me. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


HANOVER JUNCTION VA 
July 11th 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 8th inst yesterday 
morning and will send to Richmond by the first one going down 
there for the money you mentioned having sent me by express. 
Our Reg’t is camped at Taylorsville about 3 miles from here on the 
Richmond Fredericksburg & Potomac Rail Road. We left Rich- 
mond last Wednesday 8th inst. Our company is up at this place 
on picket today. We received orders yesterday morning to be 
ready to move at a moments notice, but as we have heard noth- 
ing about moving since then I expect that we will stay here a 
while yet. I wish very much that we could be sent to Gen. Lee’s 
army in Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

The fall of Vicksburg is at last confirmed and a pretty se- 
' vere blow it is. Everything looked so bright before that occur- 
rence that a great many were beginning to look for peace before 
a very great while. The papers state that Gen. Lee has fallen 
back to Hagerstown Md to put his sick, wounded, and prisoners 
across the Potomac; but say that he was victorious in all the 
battles at Gettysburg Pa. Extracts, from the Yankee papers, 
published in the Richmond papers this morning, say that he was 
victorious in most of the contests and that when he was not 


152 James SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES 


conqueror they had nothing to boast of and that he fell back 
not because he was whipped, but because he could not take their 
entrenched positions. 

The loss is reported to be enormous on both sides and I see 
that North Carolina has her full share of killed and wounded. 

I have just received your letter of June 13th enclosing $50. 
I do not see what could have delayed it so long on the road and 
had given up all hope of ever getting it. 

I must close as we have received orders to join the Reg’t at 
Taylorsville. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR TAYLORSVILLE VA 
July 27th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

Although I feel very little in the humor of letter writing this 
morning yet I must try to write to you; a few lines at least ; to let 
you know what has become of me. As you will see from the 
date of my letter we have not changed our camp since I last 
wrote. It seems almost like we were to be regularly stationed 
here, for we have been here for two weeks which is longer than 
we have stayed in any camp since last April and, in fact, is a 
very long time for “cook’s Foot Cavalry”, as we are called, to 
stay in one place. 

I was in Richmond a few days ago when Gen. Pettigrew’s 
body was carried through there. 

His remains arrived on the evening train and were escorted 
to the Capitol by the military and citizens. They laid in state in 
the Capitol until next morning when they were carried to the 
train and sent to Raleigh. 

I saw Dr Hughes, who married Cousin Laura Bryan, while 
I was there. He had gone on to Martinsburg to see his brother 
who was Adj’t. Gen. to Gen. Pettigrew and who died at Martins- 
burg of wound received at Gettysburg. 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 153 


Dr Hughes was on his return home when I saw him. Mr 
Garnett, who lived in Hillsboro several years ago while he was 
surveying the N. C. R. R. lives near our camp. I went over to 
see him and Mrs Garnett a day or two since. Mrs Garnett re- 
quested me to remember her very kindly to you when I next 
wrote home. 

I went to church near here yesterday and heard a very good 
sermon from a Mr Winston a baptist preacher a refugee from 
Philadelphia ; but a native Virginian, I believe. 

There is no news about here. The papers state that our army 
is all this side of the blue-ridge and in the vicinity of Culpepper 
CH. 

I have not heard a word from home since I saw you and 
Father in Richmond about two weeks ago. I will write to Father 
in a few days. Write soon. Love to all. 

I remain 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR TAYLORSVILLE VA 
July 30th 1863 
My Dear FATHER 

A few days ago I thought that I would be able to get a fur- 
lough and come home for a few days, but I do not see any 
chance of it now. 

I think it about time I was getting a furlough and will get 
one the first chance; but I don’t know when that will be. 

The rainy season seems to have set in with us again. 

It has rained every evening for the past week and from the 
looks of the weather I think we will have a shower this evening 
too. I see by the papers this morning that another raid on the 
W.& W.R. R. is expected. If the Yankees do attempt it Johnny 


‘and Robert will have a chance at them as I understand that 


Ransom’s Brigade is somewhere about Weldon. 
We had great rumors in Camp a day or two ago about 
France and Spain recognising our Confederacy and some went 


154 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


even so far as to say that it was certainly so and that the mes- 
sengers would be in Richmond the next day, but it has turned 
out, I believe, to be, like all similar rumors, mere talk. 

I would be glad if you would send me a box of eatables by 
Walter Thompson when he comes to our Reg’t. I see, by the 
Hillsboro Recorder of last week, that he will start for our Brig- 
ade on next Thursday Aug 6th to bring boxes &c. 

All boxes &c must be at the depot on Wednesday. 

Who are the Candidates for Congress in our district, or is 
there none? I have seen none announced in the papers as yet. 

There is no news. Love to all. 

Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR FREDERICKSBURG 
Aug 3d 1863 
My Dear MorHerR 

We left our Camp near Taylorsville last Friday night and 
marched to Hanover Junction, remained there till Saturday 
evening and then took the cars for this place. We were at first 
placed in some of the unoccupied houses in the town and re- 
mained there all day yesterday ; but as it was so hot in the town 
we moved out here in the woods this morning. There is hardly 
a single house in the whole town, that I saw, that did not show 
marks of Yankee rascality. Nearly all the houses have been 
struck by their shot and shells and a great many doors are 
broken in and windows smashed. 

The churches seem to have been especial objects of their 
meanness, for every one I saw had a good many holes shot 
through it. I expected to see the town a good deal torn to pieces, 
but had no idea that it could be as bad as it is. 

The weather for the past two days has been oppressively 
hot and last night it was so hot in the town that we could hardly 
sleep at all. 

It is a little cooler tonight, but still very warm. 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 155 


We had several rumors yesterday that the Yankees were ad- 
vancing on this place, but I believe it all turned out to be a 
hoax. 

Lieut. Walker Anderson who married Miss Rebecca Cam- 
eron has been appointed Ordnance Officer of our Brigade. He 
arrived here today. 

There is no news at all. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR GoRDONSVILLE VA 
Oct 4th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I wrote to you last Wednesday while on the train between 
Raleigh & Goldsboro, but as I don’t know whether you ever 
received it or not I will write again. 

When I reached Raleigh on Tuesday morning, I had to lay 
over there as everything was crowded with Yankee Prisoners. 
As I expected to go off on the next train I left my baggage ina 
room at the Depot where I was told it would be perfectly safe 
as there was a guard about there and this room was only opened 
for a short while on the arrival of each train. 

I could not get off that night on account of another crowd 
of Yankee prisoners and when I went to the depot next morn- 
ing to leave I found that my carpet bag had been robbed of all 
its contents except a flannel shirt for D. C. Parks. All the other 

things in the carpet bag, except one small bundle for Charly 
_ Parks, and a pair of gloves for Charly Cooley, were my own as 
I had packed everybody else’s things in the trunk and it was not 
troubled. They also took John Scarlett’s blanket but I can re- 
place it. I wish you would send me by the first opportunity my 
other pair of grey pants, 2 pr drawers some socks, and hand- 
kerchiefs. I got some shirts in Raleigh at $5.00 a piece. 

I could not get on the train for Weldon Wednesday morning 
and had to take the train for Goldsboro and risk the chances of 


156 JaMEs Sprunt HistortcaL STUDIES 


making connexion with the W. & Weldon R. R. at Goldsboro 
or stay in Raleigh another day. We just did make connexion 
at Goldsboro and I therefore got to Weldon almost as soon as 
if I had gone the other route. 

I gave Royston in Petersburg my measure and cloth for a 
coat. He said he would have it done in about ten days and 
would charge $110 for making it. This is an awful price, but 
still it is cheaper than giving $300 or $350 for a coat ready 
made. 

I reached camp Friday night having had to remain in Rich- 
mond all Friday morning. 

We are camped just in the edge of the town of Gordonsville 
and have a pretty good camp. I saw General Gatlin in Raleigh. 
He told me that Willie would be there that day (Wednesday), 
that he had accepted the position of Asst. Adjt. Genl. 

The revival in our Brigade is still going on and there are a 
good many converts every day and almost everybody is becom- 
ing serious. Instead of hearing swearing all the time you seldom 
hear an oath in our Reg’t now. 

The ordinance of baptism is to be administered to several this 
afternoon. 

I heard a first rate sermon last night, by the Rev. Mr. Ewing 
Post Chaplain at this place, from Isaiah 55. 6 “Seek the Lord 
while he may be found. Call upon him while he is near.” All 
the churches are filled to overflowing every night. 

There don’t seem to be much chance of a fight up here just 
now. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


BRISTOL STATION 
Brvouac NEAR RAPPAHANNOCK STATION VA 
Oct 17th 1863 


My Dear MorTHER 
I wrote to Father day before yesterday to let you know that 
I had only received a slight wound in the fight of the day before. 


ie ee ea ee 


THE JAMEs A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 157 


We had a very severe fight. Our brigade and Gen. Kirklands 
were the only troops much engaged and we suffered very se- 
verely. It was the hottest place I ever saw. Sharpsburg was not 
near so hot. The engagement commenced about three o’clock 
and lasted till near night and in that time we lost fully two 
thirds of our Reg’t. Our Co lost 7 killed, 3 officers and 21 men 
wounded and 16 missing. The killed are Corp. H. P. Woods, 
Privates Campbell, J. Gattis, G. Merritt, W. F. Pearson, Jas. 
Shields and J. E. Woods. The wounded are Capt. Dickson se- 
verely in right side, Myself slightly in right knee, Lt. Patterson 
severely in groin. Privates Evans Brown—right arm ampu- 
tated, F. P. Clark—tright foot slight, J. K. Clark—thigh broken, 
C. S. Cooley—hand slight, Dorothy—knee slight, E. S. Faucett 
—thigh severe, A, J. Forrest hand slight, W. A. Gattis thigh 
slight, Haley hand slight, Lockhart—bruised by shell—slight, 
Mowatt bruised by shell slight, Nelson leg severe, W. H. New- 
man face & leg severe, Pickett leg amputated, Strain face se- 
vere, S. G. Strayhorn ankle slight, D. Thompson—bruised by 
shell slight, W. Thompson—arm slight, Jas Webb breast severe, 
J. H. Woods thigh severe, and W. D. Woods hip and knee 
severe. 

The missing are Sergt Ivy, Corp’! T. Hall, Privates Blay- 
lock, Browning, Copley, Dunnegan, J. N. Faucett, J. A. Forrest, 
Hanner, McCauley, W. Ray, J. Scarlett, C. Shields, Warren, 
Wilkerson & S. K. Woods. 

I send you this list so that if any body inquires concerning 
their relatives in the Co you can let them know what has become 
of them. I will send a list to the Recorder for publication. My 
leg is getting along very well and I hope to be able to return to 
duty in three or four more days. I am very thankful that it was 
no worse than it is. The ball struck my knee and glanced. If it 
had entered it would have ruined my leg, for it was just on the 
knee joint. Gen. Cooke had one bone of his leg broken below the 
knee. Col. Gilmer was shot through the thigh and Lt. Col. Whit- 
field through the leg. Maj. Webb escaped unhurt and is in com- 
mand of the Reg’t. I never saw troops fight better than our 


158 JaMEs Sprunt HistoricaL STuDIES 


Reg’t did. They charged a Rail Road bank behind which the 
enemy were posted, but were unable to carry it and had to fall 
back under the hottest kind of a fire. The enemy captured 4 
pieces of artillery and from that the report started that our 
Brigade acted badly, but it is a base slander, for we knew noth- 
ing about any artillery being placed for us to support. 

The enemy retreated that night. The fight was near Bristol 
Station on the Orange & Alexandria Rail Road. 

There is no news beyond what I have written. I have not 
seen a paper since we left Gordonsville about 10 days ago, I will 
write again in a few days. Love to all. Write soon to. 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


P.S. Gen. Kirkland was wounded in the arm but I do not know 
how severely. 


Camp oF 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
NEAR RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER * 
Oct 21st 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

We are camped about a mile or two south of the Rappahan- 
nock river near the Orange & Alexandria Rail Road. 

I think it very likely that we will stay in this section for 
some time, for the Yankees will hardly attempt a forward move- 
ment soon as the R. R. is torn up from this place to Manassas 
and the winter will soon be here. 

We have been placed in Gen. Heth’s Division, A. P. Hill’s 
Corps. 

Brother Joe’s battery is attached to our Division. He is 
camped near us and was at our Camp yesterday. 

My leg has gotten nearly well and I have returned to duty 
with the Company. 

If Lieut. Strayhorn has not left home please give him the 
money to pay for my coat ($110) and ask him to call at Roy- 
ston’s as he comes through Petersburg and get my coat and 


THe JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 159 


bring it to me. The cloth was left there Oct 1st and it was to be 
done in ten days. 

I left my sword belt and haversack hanging up in the passage 
when I left home. Please send them to me by Lt. Strayhorn or 
the first one coming to the Co. Please send, by Walter Thompson 
when he comes, a box of eatables and some lard; for we don’t 
get anything now a days but beef and flour and can buy nothing 
in this country, for it has been completely overrun by the Yan- 
kees. I understand Walter Thompson will start to the Co about 
the 27th or 28th. 

There is no news about here at all and we know nothing of 
what is going on elsewhere for we hardly ever see a paper. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR BRANDY STATION VA 
Oct 24th 1863 


My Dear MorHER 

We seem to have become somewhat settled again, for we 
have been in camp now for three or four days. The weather is 
becoming quite cold and a cold drizzling rain has been falling 
since yesterday evening which makes it quite disagreeable as we 
have nothing but flies, open at both ends, to protect us from 
the weather. 

Weare a great deal better off than most of the other Reg’ts 
in this respect ; for but very few of them have any tents or flies 
at all. I have rendered mine tolerably comfortable by stopping 
up one end with brush and building a big fire in the other end 
and can get along very well as long as the wind don’t blow the 
rain on the open end. 

Last year at this time we were like the rest of the army, 
without tents and may consider ourselves very fortunate to have 
any this year. 

Our Co which was 80 strong at the time we left Gordons- 
ville cannot now turn out more than 14 or 15 men for duty. 


160 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcaL STUDIES 


It makes me quite sad to see the old Co thinned out so and 
to think that after having fought as well as any men ever did 
and been slaughtered and cut up as we were we get no credit 
for it all, but on the contrary are blamed for losing a battery 
of which no man in the Regt and very few in the Brigade knew 
anything at all. 

I hope however that it will all be cleared up before long and 
that we will not have to bear the blame of other people. 

I received yesterday by Lt. Jones my haversack & swordbelt 
and 1 pr socks and drawers for which I am very much obliged. 

There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp NEAR Branpy STATION VA 
Oct 28th 1863 


My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 19th inst a few days 
ago. It is the first letter I have received since I left home. 

In your letter you say that you had heard that Brother Joe 
had received a scratch in the late fight. It was me instead of 
brother Joe. He was not hurt at all. I have written home four 
or five times since the fight, but suppose that you had not received 
any of them when you wrote. We left Gordonsville on the 9th 
and marched to Madison. Here we joined our division (Heth’s) 
next morning and continued our march in the direction of Sperry- 
ville, a little town on the road from Culpepper C. H. to Front 
Royal. We did not get into camp till after dark that night and as 
the roads were bad our wagons did not come up and the officers 
had to do without their bed clothes and the most of us were with- 
out anything to eat also next morning. I made my breakfast on 
an ear of hard corn roasted. We marched that day to within four 
or five miles of Culpepper C. H. Soon after we went into camp 
that evening our Reg’t was ordered out on picket and as our 
wagons were still behind, we had to go without anything to eat, 
but we left our cooks at camp and as soon as the wagons came— 


THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 161 


about 12 o’clock—we had something cooked. Next morning I 
made better provision for eating and filled my haversack so that 
I would not be bothered if the wagons were behind again that 
night and also strapped a blanket across my shoulders for a bed. 
That night we reached Annisville & the next day Warrenton and 
as soon as the wagons came up we were ordered to cook two days 
rations immediately and be prepared to march at a moments 
notice. 

Next morning as we marched through Warrenton we could 
distinctly hear the booming of cannon and thought the enemy 
could not be very far off. 

However we kept on till 12 or 1 o’clock and I thought were 
getting around the enemy for the firing which was at first nearly 
in front of us was now on our right and rather behind us. When 
we came to a little place called Greenwich we found that a large 
force of the enemy had left there not long before as their fires 
were still burning. We kept on at a very rapid pace for four or 
five miles further and every body was becoming very tired when 
I saw the head of the column turning out to the right of the road 
and thought that we were going into camp, but soon found out 
that we were forming line of battle and that the enemy were not 
far off. We had been picking up stragglers all along the road for 
the last five miles and they all told us that the enemy were not 
more than a mile ahead of us. 

After forming line of battle, our brigade on the right of the 
road and Kirkland’s on the left, we advanced about a quarter of 
a mile through the woods and just as we came out into open 
ground we saw the enemy about 1% or % a mile off ona hill a 
little to our left. About this time our artillery opened on them 
and they commenced “‘skeedaddling”’ in real Yankee fashion. We 
thought that they were gone for good, but from the way I saw 
couriers flying around I thought something else was on hand. 
After waiting about %4 of an hour we were ordered to advance 
and our skirmishers on the right of our Brigade commenced firing 
pretty rapidly. We waited a while longer and then were ordered 
forward. After advancing up a hill and through a skirt of pines 
we came into an open field and saw the enemy in our front. The 


162 JAMEs SpruNT HistToricaAL STUDIES 


firing then began and we advanced down a slope without any 
protection at all under a heavy fire. After advancing about 50 or 75 
yards we were halted. After firing here a while we were ordered 
to charge. This we did in real good style. I had not gone more 
than 40 yards further when I was struck and had to leave. Our 
Regt charged nearly down to the Rail Road which the enemy 
used as a breast-work, but were unable to carry it, as we were 
not supported, and had to fall back. In this charge we were dread- 
fully cut up. About the time we commenced to fall back one of 
our batteries came in, but nobody in our Reg’t and very few in 
the Brigade knew anything about it. This was the battery that 
was lost. I do not think it fired more than two or three times if 
that many. I heard it fire once as I passed it going to the hospital. 
Our brigade was blamed for the loss of this battery, but we 
ought not to have been and I understand that now the thing is 
becoming more clear and the blame has shifted off our shoulders. 
Our Reg’t halted and reformed at the top of the hill and ex- 
pected to be ordered in again, but were not. The whole fight did 
not last more than one hour and a half and most of it was done 
in half an hour. I never saw men fight better in my life than our 
Reg’t did while I was with them and I hear from all that they 
did just as well after I was struck. 

Gen. Cooke was shot from his horse just behind our Reg’t. 
One bone in his leg was broken. I hear that he is getting along 
very well and will not lose his leg. 

All our wounded are doing well I understand. My leg has 
gotten very nearly well, but hurts me every night. The ball struck 
me on the knee joint but did not enter, only glanced taking the 
skin and a little meat with it. My leg was so bruised, swolen and 
stiff that I was hardly able to walk for five or six days, but Capt. 
White, Or. Mr., very kindly lent me a horse and I kept along with 
the wagons till I was able to walk. A scab has formed over the 
place and I have been on duty with the Co for a week past. 

Our brigade lost 700 men our Regt about 300. I suppose you 
have seen a list of the casualties before this. Our Reg’t suffered 
most severely because we had to advance through an open field 
without any protection at all. 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 163 


A good many of our wounded fell into the enemy’s hands, but 
they left our worst wounded only carrying off those that were 
slightly wounded or not hurt at all. 

The enemy retreated that night and next morning were all 
gone. Next day we lay near the battle field and the day after 
commenced tearing up the R. R. We tore it up down to the 
Rappahannock River, then crossed to this side and have been 
camped around here ever since. It is reported that the enemy are 
advancing and re-building the R. R. but I don’t know whether it 
is so or not. 

I am the only officer with our Co now. The Co is a mere 
shadow of what it was when we left Gordonsville about 3 weeks 
ago. 
Maj. Webb is commanding the Regt, Col. Gilmer and Lt. Col. 
Whitfield both being wounded. 

I must close as it is getting late and my fire is most burnt out. 
Love to all. 

Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp Near Branpy STATION 
Nov 1st 1863 
My Dear MoTHeErR 

Although I have written six or seven letters home since I left 
there yet I have received but one and that was from Father dated 
Oct 19th. 

I have no doubt that you have written but somehow it takes 
my letters a very long time to reach me if they ever do. 

I wish that some arrangement could be made by which soldiers 
letters could reach them without taking two or three weeks and 
sometimes even a month on the road. 

We moved camp yesterday morning in a rain and are now in 
a great deal better place than our last camp. 


164 James SpruntT HistoricaAL STUDIES 


We have had orders to fix ourselves up as comfortably as 
possible and I expect from that that we will stay here sometime; 
at least till we burn up all the wood around us. 

While we were around Taylorsville and Richmond I was very 
anxious to get with the main army, but now, that we are with it, 
I would be very willing to be detached from it and sent back to 
Taylorsville or Fredericksburg again. 

We are faring pretty rough, but I think that I can have as 
good a time on beef and bread without grease as any body else; 
for I make it a point to be contented wherever I am put or at least, 
to try to be contented and I think I generally succeed. 

There is a perfect dearth of news with us up in this part of 
the world and a letter from home would break very agreeably on 
the monotony of our camp life. 

Do Write soon. Love to all. 

I remain as ever 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp oF 27TH No. Ca. InF’y 
Near BRANDY STATION VA 
Nov 3d 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

I received Mother’s letter of 28th ult. sent by Lt. Strayhorn, 
day before yesterday. Also the Handkerchiefs &c she sent. She 
mentioned in her letter that she sent me two prs drawers & 2 prs 
socks with my haversack & sword belt which I left at home. I 
received the haversack & sword belt but only one pr drawers & 
one pr socks. These however will do for the winter with what I 
have already. 

I wrote to Royston to-day to send my coat to you at Hills- 
boro. Please pay for it and send it to me by Charles Parks if 
you get it before he leaves. 

He will start back to camp about the 15th or 16th. I wrote to 
Royston to send it by express marked “Collect on Delivery.” 


a Re el 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 165 


We have fixed ourselves up very comfortably up here in the 
woods and I expect will spend the winter about here. I have got 
my fly patched up at both ends and a chimney built which makes 
it almost as comfortable as a house. We are about eight miles 
from Culpepper C. H. and five from Brandy Station in the back- 
woods and I dont know how far from where anybody lives for 
we never see anybody passing but soldiers. 

Please ask Mother to send me my pair of grey pants I wrote 
to her about; for I have only one pr of pants (blue) and I am 
afraid they will not last me through the winter. 

Brother Joe is camped somewhere near us but I do not know 
exactly where ; for I have not seen him in more than a week. 

There is no news. In the election last Thursday our Company 
voted for Turner 21 for Arrington 3. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A, GRAHAM 


Camp oF 27TH No. Ca INF’y 
NEAR OrANGE C. H. Va 
Nov 12th 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 4th inst a day or two 
ago. I am glad to hear that you have got down to the home place 
again, for it must certainly be more comfortable there than at the 
Academy. 

Our army has fallen back, since I last wrote, from Brandy 
Station to this place. Last Saturday the enemy overpowered 
Hayes’ La. and Hokes N. C. Brigades and took possession of one 
of the crossings on the Rappahannock. Saturday night about 10 
o’clock our Brigade received orders to cook one days rations and 
be ready to march at any time during the night. About half past 
12 o’clock the order was changed and we were ordered to cook up 
all the rations we had and be ready to move at a moments warning. 
We left camp at four o’clock in the morning and marched to 
within 2 miles of Culpepper C. H. I then found out that the whole 


166 JaMeEs Sprunt HistoricaAL STUDIES 


army was retreating. We were drawn up in line of battle at this 
place and laid in line all day Sunday waiting for the enemy to 
approach, 

About 2 o’clock P. M. firing commenced on the extreme left 
where Lane’s Brigade of Wilcox’s Division was posted. I thought 
then that we would all soon be into it, but we waited till night 
and no other troops were engaged. I have since heard that it was 
only a force of Cavalry and Artillery that engaged Lane’s Brigade 
and that the enemy’s infantry did not follow us up. About sun 
' down we started again and after marching nearly all night, over 
one of the roughest roads I ever saw, crossed Robertson river 
about 4 o’clock in the morning and went into camp. 

We started again about 11 o’clock next day and crossed the 
Rapidan and came to this place, where we are now camped, that 
evening. 

The weather was very cold and when we came into camp Mon- 
day evening it was snowing very hard, but it soon blew off clear 
again before the snow had time to lay. 

I don’t know much about it but it seemed to me that our army 
was surprised ; anyhow I hope that I will not soon have another 
march as rough as it was last Sunday night. The enemy got some 
of our negroes who went to sleep near where we lay in line of 
battle and did not know that we had moved off. I thought for a 
while that they had got Aleck as I could not find him, but he came 
up next evening soon after we came into camp. The Yankees 
kept the negroes one day and then finding that they were not 
willing to stay with them told them they might go for they had 
more negroes now than they could feed. 

I hope that we will stay in this camp sometime, for I have 
fixed up comfortably again and I don’t like to move as soon as I 
get fixed as I did the last time. 

Please ask Mother to send me a pair of gloves for it is pretty 
cold these mornings. 

I will write to Mother in a few days. Love to all 

Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 167 


P.S. Please ask Mother to have me half a dozen collars made of 
some colored stuff, for it does not pay to wear white collars in 
camp and my shirts are without collars. J. A. G. 


Camp oF 27TH N. C. Inr’y 
NEar ORANGE C. H. Va 
Nov 17th 1863 

My Dear MorHer 

I received your very welcome letter of the 11th inst last night 
and started to answer it then, but I was so sleepy I could not do 
it as I had only slept four hours in forty eight having been on 
picket for that length of time. We had a pretty rough time on 
picket Saturday night as it rained nearly all night and we had no 
shelter, but had to stand and take it. The Yankee cavalry came 
up within sight of us on Sunday and took a few shots at us, but 
stayed too far off to hurt any of us. I took a shot at one of them 
and made him dodge and get further. 

They did not stay.in sight more than ten or fifteen minutes. 

T have fixed up very comfortably again having built a chimney 
to my tent and made a table and some stools. You just ought to 
see how snugly I am fixed up. 

You said in your letter that I must write you what to send 
me by Walter Thompson. 

I wish you would send me a big cake and some dried apple 
pies or “slapjacks”, I believe they call them, some molasses, dried 
fruit, lard, vegetables &c any thing you choose. Please send mea 
bottle of brandy and some sugar and I will make an eggnog for 
‘Christmas if I can manage to get some eggs. Please send me a 
pound or two of butter for we very seldom get any up in these 
diggings. 

I hope we will stay here some time, but can’t tell how long, 
for we may move at any moment. 

I do hope that we will not have any more fighting to do this 
winter ; for 1am not as fond of fighting as anybody might suppose. 

It was reported in Camp yesterday that Ewell had captured a 
whole division of Yankees, but I believe it was contradicted to- 


168 James SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


day. This is all the news that I know anything about. Please 
have me half a dozen collars made of some colored stuff as my 
shirts are without collars and it dont pay to wear white collars. 
in camp. I must close. Love to all. 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 

James A. GRAHAM 
P. S. Please tell Willie to get me some of Gov. Vance’s cloth if 
it has come. I understand it came on the last vessel. J. A. G. 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va 
Nov, 24th 1863 

My Dear FATHER 

I received a letter from Willie yesterday in which he said that- 
he had procured cloth for me in Raleigh. I wish that you would: 
pay him $40 for it for me. I am afraid to risk sending the money 
from here in a letter as letters so often fail to reach their destina- 
tion now-a-days. 

I was at brother Joe’s camp day before yesterday and found. 
him in bed. He had been unwell for a week or so and was afraid 
that he was going to have Camp fever, but the doctor told me: 
that he was getting better. 

President Davis has been up with the army for the past few 
days and IJ heard that he was to review our Corps to-morrow, but’ 
it has been postponed. 

I suppose it is on account of the weather as it has been raining” 
nearly all day and looks as if it might snow before morning as it: 
is getting colder. 

I wrote to you about the 3d or 4th of this month saying that I 
had written to Royston to send my coat to you by express, but L 
suppose he has not done so as you have not mentioned anything 
of it in your letters since that time. If he has not sent it to you. 
please write to him about it. 


THE JAMEs A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 169 


I left the cloth with Royston as I came through Petersburg 
Oct 1st and wrote to him about the 2d of this month to send it to 
you. He was to make it for $110. 

There is no news in Camp at all. 

Maj. Webb has been unwell for a week past, but is getting 
better. 

I must close. Love to all 

Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
P.S. Please send me some postage stamps for I cannot get any 
about here 
Yours: &e JAG. 
{On same sheet ] 
Dear Husband, I forward the letters which came this morning. 
Bettie is very anxious for you to write to Joseph and urge him to 
apply for a surgeon’s place, that is to stand his examination, as 
soon as he is well enough. She wants him to apply before they 
have another battle as she thinks he has done his share of fighting. 
Ever yours S. W. Graham. 


In LINE oF BATTLE 

Nov 30th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I have no doubt that you have heard long before this that we 

were fighting and, as I have an opportunity to send a letter, I 
will write to let you know what is going on. We left camp before 
‘day Friday morning and marched till about 12 o’clock when we 
came to where our Cavalry had engaged the Yankees. Walker’s 
Brigade of our division was ordered to the front as skirmishers 
and our Brigade, Kirkland’s & Davis’ held as their support. We 
were shelled pretty severely that evening and had several killed 
‘and wounded in our Reg’t. Nobody hurt in my company. Wil- 
‘cox’s division relieved us that night and we have since been held 
an reserve. On Saturday and Sunday there was no fighting at all 


170 JAMES SprunT HistortcaL STUDIES 


and only a little artillery firing and skirmishing to-day. I expect 
the big battle will come. off to-morrow. We have a very good 
position about half a mile in rear of our advanced lines and I 
think there is a great probability that we will not be needed in the 
front and I certainly hope so. 

If we do have to go into it I hope that I may come out as well 
as I have done heretofore. I shall do my duty at any rate. 

I saw brother Joe yesterday evening. He has gotten well. His 
battery is on the left of Anderson’s division in the front. 

I have not time to write more. I will write again as soon as the 
fight is over or as soon as I get another chance. 

Praying that I may come out unhurt and that God will spare 
me to return home again I remain 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


P.S. All of the Company are well and in good spirits 
Your &c 
Jie. 


Camp NEAR ORANGE C, H. Va 
Dec 4th 1863 
My Dear FATHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 26th ult. last night. I 
have no doubt that you have been expecting for the last week to 
hear of a big battle up here and we certainly expected to have 
one, but the Yankees backed out. 

On Thursday 26th ult. our Reg’t was ordered on picket and 
expected to stay one day, but that night about 10 o’clock the Com- 
missary Serg’t came down to where we were on picket and issued 
us rations of hard bread and bacon and about an hour afterwards 
we received orders to return to Camp immediately. When we got 
to Camp I found there we had orders to move at 3 o’clock A. M. 
We got off at 4 o’clock and took up our line of march on the plank 
road leading from Orange C. H. to Fredericksburg. We marched 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 171 


pretty rapidly till about 12 or 1 o’clock when we came to where 
our Cavalry had engaged the Yankees, about 14 miles from 
Orange C. H. Walker’s Brigade of our division was immediately 
ordered to the front and our Brigade, Davis’, & Kirkland’s held 
as a second line. We advanced in line to within a few hundred 
yards of where our first line was engaged and were subjected to 
a pretty severe shelling losing 1 man killed and 5 or 6 wounded. 

Peemerc) utuct. About),4)... to the iront)..9!) to: the» rear) to 
rest for the night and we needed rest very much; at least I did, 
for I had not slept a bit in 36 hours. Next morning the whole of 
our troops moved back about a mile and a half to a better position. 
Our division was still in the second line and as we were in the 
woods we threw up a breast work of logs to protect us from the 
balls and shell that would come over the first line. 

After remaining in this position till the middle of the day we 
were moved forward about 34 of a mile to a still better position 
and all hands went to work and threw up a splendid breast-work 
on both lines. We remained in this position behind Lane’s N. C. 
Brigade till next morning (Sunday) when we were moved about 
a mile to the left and put behind the left of Anderson’s division. 
Here we threw up another breastwork of logs and dirt. 

We had no tools except one axe to each company and made 
spades of plank. These answered the purpose very well and it 
took us but a very short time to make a very good entrenchment, 
for every man worked hard. About dark Sunday evening we were 
moved about half a mile to the right behind the right of Ander- 
son’s division. We remained here all day Monday and Monday 
night. About 8 o’clock Monday morning the enemy opened a 
pretty brisk cannonading and I thought the battle had commenced 
in good earnest, but it ceased in about half an hour and every- 
thing was quiet during the rest of the day except a little cannon- 
ading now and then. 

A little before day Tuesday morning we were moved to the 
[worn off] and placed in the [worn off] behind an embankment 
[worn off] to run from Orange C. H. to Fredericksburg but was 
never completed. 


172 James SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


We remained here all day Tuesday and were within 300 or 
400 yards of the Yankee pickets and in full view of them. Wed- 
nesday morning about daylight I was ordered on picket with my 
company. As soon as it was light enough to see well we found 
that the Yankee pickets were not on post. The picket line was 
then deployed as skirmishers and ordered forwarded. When we 
advanced we found the Yankees gone and on advancing about a 
mile we found their breastworks but could find no Yankees except 
four whom we captured. 

We sent our scouts about 34 a mile ahead and they could find 
no Yanks, but learned from an old man that they had left during 
the night. There was a house and tanyard in front of our line 
and we found hides scattered as far as we went and the beds and 
chairs from the house all through the woods. 

The Yankees had recrossed the river and on yesterday morn- 
ing we started for our old camp where we arrived yesterday 
evening. I was very much surprised that we did not have a fight 
and think it a clear back down on the Yankee side. 

The weather was very cold during the whole trip and the 
ground was frozen nearly all the time. 

On Monday night the water froze in our canteens hanging 
around our necks. It was the coldest and roughest time I have 
had yet and I have a pretty bad cold now as the effects of it. 

I saw brother Joe on Sunday. He has gotten entirely well. 
His battery was on the front line all the time on the left of 
Anderson’s division. 

I think the Campaign for this winter is over and I certainly 
hope so, for I would not like to take such a trip again soon. 

The news from the West is better tonight than it has been for 
sometime. The papers state that the Yankee army out there is 
falling back and that they have lost 40,000 killed, wounded, and 
missing. 

The papers also state that Gen. Morgan, with some of his 
officers, has made his escape and is now safe in Canada. 

I saw day before yesterday a man named Green Dollar who 
formerly lived in Orange. 


THE James A. GraHAM Papers, 1861-1884 173 


He said that he had been pressed into the Yankee service and 
had deserted from them and wished to take the oath of allegiance 
to the Confederacy. 

I must close. Love to all 

Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca Inr’y— 
Dec 13th 1863 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 30th ult. four or five 
days ago and intended to have answered it before this, but picket 
duty and other like things have prevented my doing so. 

I received the gloves sent by Abe Hedgpeth and am very much 
obliged for them. 

I went over to see brother Joe yesterday. He has gotten en- 
tirely well 

Weare back in our old Camp and have almost recovered from 
our colds which we caught on the last march or rather “freeze 
out”. 

I am in hopes that we will remain quiet for the rest of the 
winter, for it is very rough lieing out such weather as we have 
had lately. 

It has been very cold for a week past, but is quite pleasant 
to-day having cleared off warm after a very hard rain storm last 
night. 

We are all anxiously waiting for Walter Thompson and his 
_ boxes. I hope he will bring my box through safe, for I am antici- 
pating a fine time when he comes. 

There is no news at all in Camp. 

Everything is as quiet and boring as can be and I am really 
getting so lazy that I can hardly write a letter or do anything else 
that requires any exertion. I must close. Love to all. 

Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son, James A. GRAHAM, 


174 JAMeEs SprunT HistToricaL STUDIES 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y— 


My Dear FATHER Dec 21st 1863 


I received your very welcome letter of 15th inst yesterday 
evening and as Alex starts this morning for home I will answer 
it by him. 

Thompson has not come yet, but I suppose will be here on the 
train this morning. 

He reached Richmond on Friday and has been delayed there 
since. 

You said in your letter that you would like to know what is 
the desire of the 3 years men concerning being let out or kept in. 
I can only judge by my own company and they seem to expect to 
be kept in, though they say that they would like to get out even for 
a little while and that even if they are let out they would expect to 
be called in again very soon. 

I don’t think it makes much difference with them either way, 
for nearly every one says that they will come in again. I hope 
that there will be no re-organization, for our Reg’t I know was 
injured by the reorganization in 1862, some of our best officers 
being thrown out and others not so good elected in their places. 

I do not think brother Joe will be able to get home by Christ- 
mas, for I understand that officers’ furloughs have been stopped 
for a while. 

I dont think that I will be able to get a furlough this winter 
and there won’t be much chance to get one in the summer so that 
I will hardly get one before next fall or winter. 

The weather has been pretty cold for some time past and I 
think the last three or four days as cold as I ever felt. As I have 
a good fire place to my tent I am very comfortably fixed. 

I will let Alex go home to spend Christmas. Please send him 
back by the first opportunity after he has been at home for two 
or three weeks. If no opportunity offers about that time you 
might start him back by himself. 

There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 
P. S. I received a letter from Sudie last night and will answer it 
in a day or two LAS 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 175 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
Near ORANGE C. H. Va 
Dec 31st 1863 

My Dear MotTHER 

I received the box of provisions you sent me by Walter 
Thompson the day before Christmas and am very much obliged 
for it. He was delayed in Richmond about five days and I 
expected most of the things would be spoilt, but the weather was 
cold and prevented them from spoiling. Nothing in my box was 
hurt at all and very little in any of the boxes. 

I had an eggnog Christmas Eve night and a splendid dinner 
Christmas day. 

The collars you sent me fit very well and are the very thing 
I wanted. 

I am especially obliged for the butter and lard, for it is a 
very hard matter to get anything of that sort about here. 

I would have sent brother Joe part of my box, but he moved 
camp before it came and I did not know where to find him. I 
heard that he had moved down below Gordonsville about fifteen 
or sixteen miles from here and IJ had no way to send it to him. 

I wrote to Father, by Walter Thompson, day before yesterday 
requesting him to send Alex back when Major Webb comes, 
but I expect you will get this before you get that as Thompson 
expected to stop in Richmond a day or two. Please ask father to 
send my coat by Alex if he has received it from Royston. I wish 
you would send me some sausage meat by Alex if you have killed 
hogs. The butter and lard you sent me will last some time yet as 
there are only two in my mess. 

I am in as good health as I ever was and am getting so fat 
that I hardly know what to do with myself. I am fleshier than I 
ever have been before. 

The weather has been pretty bad for some time past either 
freezing or raining all the time. It has been raining pretty steady 
ever since before day this morning and is getting almost as muddy 
as Hillsboro generally is at this time of the year. I would like 
very much to be at home to-morrow to eat Newyear’s dinner with 


176 James Sprunt Historicat STupDIEs 


you. I hope you had a pleasant Christmas and will have a pleasant 
New Year. 
There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va 
Jan 7th 1864 

My Dear MotHeEr 

I have not received a letter from home since Christmas al- 
though I have been looking for one. 

Weare still up here on the Rapidan on picket and are having 
a pretty rough and cold time of it as the ground is frozen as hard 
as a rock and covered with snow. It snowed all day last Monday 
and as the ground was frozen it lay to the depth of two or three 
inches and has melted very little as yet. For a week or two past 
we could see the snow very plainly on the Blue Ridge which is 
only a short distance off, but had no snow of any consequence 
here before Monday last. I was on picket last night with my 
company, but fared tolerably well as we were in a hollow and the 
hills kept the wind off. I understand that we will move to our 
new Camp and go into winter quarters in about two weeks and 
then I expect we will have a good time. 

I wish your Ladies Soldiers Aid Society of Hillsboro would 
make about fifty prs of gloves for our Company as very few of 
the men have gloves and they would be very acceptable such 
weather as this especially on picket. Capt. Dickson returned to 
Camp a day or two ago. He has gotten very nearly well though 
not entirely, 

I am glad that Congress has passed the Bill bringing into 
service all the substitute men. 

I guess it makes some of these men, who stand around the 
corners in almost every town with their longtailed coats and white 
shirt collars talking about what “zwe’’ did and how “we” whipped 


Tue James A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 177 


the Yankees, open their eyes and look for some other mode of 
exemption. 
There is no news at all. Love to all Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 277TH No. Ca. InF’y 
NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va 
Jan 24th /64 

My Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter sent by Alex last Satur- 
day, also the box of sausage meat, bag of Coffee and my blanket 
for which I am much obliged. We have been drawing very short 
rations of meat lately and the sausage meat came in very good 
time ; for without it I would have been without meat part of the 
time. We are however getting a plenty of meat now. 

We are still on picket and will not move back to our winter 
quarters before the 3d of next month. I will be glad when we 
move back and can get comfortably fixed up. I am having a log 
hut built and think I will fare very well when I get into it. 

One of the men in the 48th Reg’t, in our Brigade, is to be 
shot to-morrow morning for desertion and 4 more in the Brigade 
in a few days. The whole Brigade will be called out to witness it, 
but I would gladly be spared such a sight. I am glad that there 
are none of them from our Regt. Our Company has never had a 
single deserter yet and I hope we never may. 

We hear great reports here about the people in North Caro- 
lina being down-hearted and almost ready to give up the contest, 
but don’t know how much of them to believe for everything we 
hear from No. Ca. now-a-days is greatly exaggerated. I don’t 
think the people at home ought to think about giving up while the 
soldiers in the field, who have to bear all the hardships, are so 
hopeful and in such good spirits. 

I think I will get a furlough sometime during the next two or 
three weeks. Furloughs are granted to the men now at the rate 
of 12 to every 100 men present, or about 1/8 of the number pres- 


178 JAMEs SprunT HistortcaL STUDIES 


ent, and one officer is allowed a furlough when there are three 
present with the Company. I will apply for one as soon as Lt. 
Strayhorn returns from the hospital and I think that will not be 
very long. 
There is no news. Love to all. 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
NEAR OrancE C. H. Va 
Feb 1st 1864 

My Dear MoTHER 

I expected to have been at home by this time, but my appli- 
cation for leave of absence was returned two or three days ago 
disapproved. I will not be able to get off now till Lt. Strayhorn 
returns to the Co as no furloughs will be granted to officers now 
unless two be left with the Co. 

One of the 48th Regt was executed last Monday for desertion 
and 3 of the 46th Regt on Saturday. 

It was the saddest sight I ever witnessed and I hope I may 
never see the like again. I heard that they were caused to desert 
by letters from home. Many a poor soldier has met with the same 
disgraceful death from the same cause. 

I wish the people at home would keep in as good spirits as the 
soldiers in the army do. 

The 3 men that were shot Saturday said that they were pre- 
pared to die. One of them was sprinkled two or three days before 
and the other two wanted to be baptized but I don’t know whether 
they were or not. The whole army is in as good spirits and as 
good condition as I ever saw them. 

We did get short rations of meat for two or three weeks about 
the lst of January, but are getting pretty good rations now. While 
the meat rations were so short we received extra rations of lard, 
coffee, sugar, molasses and dried fruit ; so that we fared almost as 
well as we would have done with the meat. Some of the troops 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 179 


are re-enlisting for the war. Johnston’s N. C. Brigade has re- 
enlisted and I wish ours would do likewise, for it will be a great 
deal better to go in voluntarily before we are kept in by law, or, 
at least, it will sound a great deal better. I feel certain that we 
will all be kept in for the war and I think it exactly right. The 
weather has been very fine, almost like spring, for two weeks past 
until night before last when it clouded up and commenced rain- 
ing and now we have the same old mud as usual. The whole 
country around here is very much like Orange Co No. Ca. espe- 
cially the red mud. 

We have had several reports lately about the Yankees advanc- 
ing and yesterday evening the report came that they were crossing 
Robertson river in heavy force and almost every body thought 
that the chances were pretty good to have a fight with them, but 
last night we heard that our Cavalry had driven them back across 
the river. I don’t think they could have been in much force and 
expect it was only a raiding party after all. 

I met a Miss Smith, a sister of Mr Tom Smith who married 
Cousin Julia Alexander, at Mrs Willis’ near our Camp a few 
days ago. Mrs Willis is some relation of Mr Smith’s J think. I 
expect I will get a furlough some time during the next two weeks, 
but don’t know. I must close. Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
March 4th 1864 
My Dear MotHeER 

I arrived at Camp Sunday evening safe and sound. I did not 
lose Mrs. Anderson or any of her baggage on the trip. 

There is a great deal more pleasure in travelling with a lady 
now-adays than I thought and I think that hereafter I shall always 
try to find a lady to travel with as I can then get a seat all the way. 

We have had a pretty rough time since I returned, but I hope 
that we will now rest for a while. Monday night we received 
orders to cook up rations and be ready to march at a moments 


180 James SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


warning. About 3 o’clock Tuesday morning we left camp and 
started for Liberty Mills on the Rapid Ann River. It was sleet- 
ing very fast when we left camp and seemed to be but the begin- 
ning of a regular sleet and snow storm. 

About 9 o’clock we passed Liberty Mills and continued the 
march on the turnpike to Madison C. H. and pretty soon we 
heard heavy cannonading in front and on our left. About 1 or 2 
o’clock when within 4 miles of Madison C. H. a courier came 
dashing back and ordered Lt. Col. Whitfield com’d’g our Brigade 
to face his brigade about and march it back immediately. I then 
expected to see the enemy coming on our rear or flanking us by 
a road that we had passed about a mile back. Our Brigade was. 
in the rear of the whole column and therefore were in front. 
when we turned back. We were marched very rapidly back to 
the cross roads and were then stopped to wait for orders after 
having put one Reg’t on picket. We did not receive any further 
orders and remained at this place all night. The rain and sleet had 
continued all day and when night came it commenced to hail and. 
then to snow. It snowed for about an hour and then cleared off 
about 11 o’clock. 

It was terribly cold and you may be sure we slept very little 
that night. My overcoat and blankets which had got wet during 
the day froze hard and next morning I had to thaw out. 
About 8 o’clock the next morning—Wednesday—we started for 
camp and reached there that evening pretty well worn out, and 
you may be sure we took a good sleep that night. I saw men on 
that march bare footed without the least sign of a shoe and now 
and then you could see the blood in their tracks as they marched. 
along. I don’t see how they could possibly stand it, but they kept 
along pretty well. 

The object of our march, so far as I know, was to cut off a 
party of Yankee Cavalry that had started on a raid to Charlottes- 
ville and to drive their infantry support from Madison C. H. but 
they all fell back before us across Robertson river. Our Cavalry 
had several little fights with them, but I believe that there was 
but little damage done to either side. I was in hopes that we 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 181 


~would rest when that tramp was over, but yesterday evening— 
“Thursday—we received orders to report at Richmond as soon as 
possible. We took the train at 3 o’clock and started at full speed 
for Richmond, but when we reached Gordonsville we were 
-ordered back to camp as Richmond was safe. We reached camp 
about 11 o’clock last night. I dont know how long it will be 
"before they have us going somewhere else, but hope that they will 
let us rest now. We have any quantity and all sorts of rumors in 
«camp concerning the fights about Richmond, but can hear noth- 
ing reliable. I expect you know more about what is being done 
sabout Richmond than we do for I have not seen a paper since 
Saturday and we have had no mail at all since Monday. 

I wish you would send my gloves as soon as you can get them 
done for I have almost entirely worn out my others, also please 
send me 2 pr half soles for both prs of my boots need half- 
soleing and I can have them fixed in camp if I can get the leather. 
You can send these things by Tom Whitted who will be coming 
to camp about the 10th or 12th inst. Please tell brother Joe that 
I got his overcoat from the Ballard House in Richmond. I be- 
lieve that I have written all the news that I know. Love to all. 
‘Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 

James A, GRAHAM 
P.S. March 6th. I did not send my letter off when I first wrote 
it as the mail did not go regularly and I thought the best chance 
would be to send it by some of the men going on furlough. I 
will send it by Mr Woods who leaves this evening or to-morrow 
morning. We are still quiet in Camp and I hope will remain so 
for some time. 

I wish you would send me the small blank book I told you I 
wanted when I was at home. I forgot to bring it with me when I 
left. It is about 6 or 8 inches square and is with the books on the 
right hand side of the fire place in the office. 

You can send it by Tom Whitted if you get this letter in time 
or by the first opportunity. I will send my overcoat home by the 
first opportunity as I do not need it now since I got brother Joe’s 


182 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


in Richmond. Please send Lt. Strayhorn’s shirts, that I got for 
him in Raleigh to him if you have not done so. He is at home now 
I believe on sick furlough. Also please send Maj. Webb’s to Mrs. 
Thos. Webb. Capt. Dickson received his last night by Chas. 
Cooley. Maj. Webb & Capt. Dickson expect to go home about the 
last of this week on furlough. 

I heard a splendid sermon this morning from Rev. Mr Smith 
of Greensboro who is now acting temporarily as Chaplain of our 
Reg’t. We have preaching also every night. Our Brigade has 
constructed a very neat and very comfortable log house as a 
Chapel and we have preaching in it almost every day. 

I have quit chewing tobacco as you requested. I understand 
that Walter Thompson will not make another trip to our Brigade 
before the 4th of April. Must close. Tom Whitted will start 
camp on the evening of the 9th I expect. 

Love to all 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
March 19th 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received Father’s letter by Tom Whitted four or five days 
ago, also the book and half soles for my boots for which I am 
very much obliged. I was sorry to learn from Father’s letter that 
you were not very well and hope that you have entirely recovered 
your health by this time. 

The box of shirts and socks sent by the “Ladies Soldiers Aid 
Society of Hillsboro” came after Maj. Webb had started home 
and I distributed them to the most needy in the Reg’t as he re- 
quested me to attend to it if they came during his absence. 

Furloughs in this army were stopped about a week ago as the 
Government needed all the transportation to bring up rations. I 
suppose that they will start again in a few days, but do not know ; 
for the campaign may open at any time now. We have had pretty 
cold weather for a week past and there was a very slight fall of 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 183 


snow a day or two ago. It has been cloudy for a day or two and 
I expect we are going to have falling weather as it is pretty near 
time for the eqe-noctial storms. 

I am glad to see that the exchange of prisoners has com- 
menced again and hope it may continue, for if they should happen 
to catch me this summer I want to be exchanged as soon as pos- 


sible and would not like the idea of spending a year or two in 


some Northern prison. 

I suppose that Johnny or Robert has given you a pretty full 
account of the engagement of Ransom’s Brigade with the Yankee 
negroes at Suffolk which was mentioned in the papers a few days 
ago. I have never yet met any of the negro soldiers and hope I 
never may. 

Rev. Mr. Smith of Greensboro, who has been preaching for us 
for two or three weeks past, left last Monday. 

I got a pr of pants from the Q. M. a few days ago and will 
send one pr of my blue pants home by the first opportunity. 

I wish you would send mea pound or two of Candles by Maj. 


~ Webb. We have to give $1.50 to $2.00 for a single candle up here 


and very poor ones at that. 
I must close. Love to all 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 

NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va 

April 2d 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received your very welcome letter by Maj. Webb last Mon- 

day, also the candles and gloves; for which I am very much 
obliged. The gloves fit very well. You wished to know if the 
Government supplied the soldiers with bandages. They are given 
to the Surgeons for use at the hospitals and infirmaries, but never 
to the soldiers. If you will send some I will distribute them to 
the Company, though very few of them would take any care of 


184 James SpruNT HistoricaAL STUDIES 


them and the most of them would use them in cleaning their guns 
or for other such purposes. Some of them would be very glad to 
get them. 

I receive two copies of the Biblical Recorder every week and 
give one of them to some one in the Company. 

Gov. Vance delivered an address to our Brigade and Kirk- 
land’s last Wednesday. He was to have spoken on Tuesday, but 
it rained all day. Willie was with him and spend Tuesday and a 
part of Wednesday with me. Every body seemed to be perfectly 
delighted with the Govenor and a large majority of the soldiers 
will support him in the coming campaign. All of the Generals 
came to hear him. Gen. Lee has heard him twice and Gen. Stuart 
follows him around and has heard him every time he has spoken 
yet. When he spoke to our Brigade Gen. Wilcox, Heth, Stuart 
and W. H. F. Lee were present. I went over to Lane’s Brigade 
yesterday. The Gov. did not speak as it commenced to rain just as 
the crowd collected. He will speak to that Brigade the first fair 
day and then will return to No. Ca as he has spoken to all the 
other N. C. Brigades in this army. 

His campaign in the army will do a great deal of good as he 
endeavors to cheer the soldiers up and put them in good spirits. 
He does not mention Holden at all in his speeches. 

The rain which commenced yesterday turned to a snow last 
night, but as the ground was perfectly wet the snow melts almost 
as soon as it falls. It has been snowing all the morning, but seems 
to be changing to a rain again. We have had a good deal of bad 
weather during the past two days and the roads are in a horrible 
condition, but I don’t care how bad they get or how long they 
remain so; for the campaign cannot commence till they get in 
good condition. 

I saw Jimmie Bryan yesterday. He is very well. Also Exam 
Lewis who has lately been appointed Lieut. in the 33d N.C. Reg’t. 

I hope you have fixed me up a box to send by Walter 
Thompson. 

I must close. Love to all 

Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


THE JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 185 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
Near ORANGE C. H. Va 
April 8th 1864 

My Dear MoTHER 

As Lieut. Strayhorn starts home tomorrow morning and I 
can send a letter by him I will write to you to-night. Lieut. Stray- 
horn has a 30 days sick furlough. 

This is the day set apart by Congress for fasting and prayer 
and I don’t think I ever saw a day more strictly observed than 
this has been in our Brigade. All drills and duties of every sort 
have been suspended all day and camp has been more quiet than I 
ever saw it before. 

Everybody seemed to be impressed with the solemnity of the 
occasion and you could hear none of the noise about camp that 
you hear on every other day even on Sundays. The camp seemed 
almost deserted, for most of the men stayed in their tents and 
kept very quiet. I think that at least two thirds of our Reg’t 
fasted and I believe all the Regts in our Brigade did equally as 
well. 

We had preaching this morning and also to-night by Mr Dod- 
son chaplain of the 46th Reg’t. 

A different spirit seems to be prevading our troops from 
what I have ever seen and I feel that this is the last year of the 
war and hope that by this time next year we will be blessed with 
peace and will be an independent nation. 

We have had preaching in the Chapel every night, for the past 
two or three weeks, when the weather would permit and the house 
is almost always full. We have prayer meeting also every day at 
half past 12 o’clock which is very well attended. We have but 
- one Chaplain present with our Brigade now, but he is assisted 
by Capt. Larkins of our Reg’t who is a Baptist preacher. 

We have organised a “Soldiers Christian Association” in our 
Brigade which now numbers over 100 members, though it was 
only started this week. Several persons who are not members of 
the church have joined our Association, among them Capt. Dick- 
son of our Co. I hope that it may be the means of doing much 
good. 


186 JAMES SpruNT Historica STUDIES 


It will not be long before the campaign will open and active 
operations commence for the winds and sun will soon dry up the 
roads. I hope that I may escape as well in this campaign as I 
have done heretofore, but many a one will be laid low before the 
summer is over. I feel confident that our arms will be successful 
in this summer’s campaign and hope that it may convince the 
Yankees that it is useless contending any longer. 

I think our transportation will be cut down this summer and 
will therefore send my uniform coat and blue pants home by the 
first opportunity for I dont want any uniform coat for summer 
wear. 

Walter Thompson has not arrived yet with his boxes, but I 
expect will be here to-morrow or Monday. 

I must close as it is about 11 o’clock. Good night. Love to all. 
Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca Inr’y— 

April 18th 1864 
My Dear MortrHeEr 

I received your very welcome letter of 7th inst last Friday. I 

expected a box by Walter Thompson; but, when it did not come, 
I concluded that you did not know the time of his starting or you 
would have sent it and made myself contented. We get along 
pretty well now with regard to something to eat ; about as well as 
we did when we were allowed to purchase from the Commissary, 
for we draw sugar, coffee and molasses and we were not allowed 
to purchase them. We are allowed 4 cooks to each company and 
I draw rations for Alex as one of these cooks. We draw now 
meal, bacon, coffee, sugar, and molasses and get a plenty of all 
except meat. We get only %4 lb of meat per day, but I expect 
will get more ina short while. We can buy peas and other things 
of that sort from the sutler and in that way make out very well. 
You wished to know if it was true that Thompson lost a good 
many of his boxes when he came in February. I do not know as 


THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 187 


I was at home at that time. He lost none this time and only one 
when he came at Christmas. 

I understand that Mr Troy will start from Salisbury on the 
28th and you might send me a small box by him. It would not do 
to send much for we may be on the march by that time. A ham, a 
little hominy &c would suit very well. 

I wish you would send my shoes by Tom Whitted. He will 
start about the 27th or 28th also please send me 14 doz white col- 
lars as I will need some white collars when I get the position on 
Gen. Cooke’s staff as Inspector. 

I sent a coat and pr of boots home in a box by Walter 
Thompson. 

We still have preaching every night and a good many are being 
converted. Twenty two have joined the Baptist church. They 
were baptized by Mr Howerton, Chaplain of the 15 N. C. Regt 
yesterday evening. 

I must close as Webb is waiting for my letter. Love to all. 

Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


HILLSBoRO 

April 19th 1864 
My Dear JAMES 

Yours of the 15th inst by Mr. A. Norwood was received yes- 

terday evening. I am gratified to learn, that Genl Cooke has of- 
fered you the appointment of Inspector and cannot doubt, that it 
will [be] confirmed in Richmond. The situation will relieve you 
from the fatigue of long marches, and give you more general ob- 
servation and opportunities of information and improvement. 
Promotion by succession in the line comes so slowly, that the 
expectation of that should not cause you to hesitate in accepting. 
I observe, that F. Nash upon being appointed to a similar place 
was allowed a visit home to fit out, and if allowable, you might 
do the same. You can take the sorrel mare I have here unless in 
the mean time I have the other bro’t from the plantation. This 


188 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


has the best action, and is equal to any nag, for riding that I 
know. I suppose Wm can get you a saddle & briddle from the 
Quarter Master in Raleigh. I have also a decent pair of saddle 
bags, you can take, if you need them, but how shall these things 
be sent unless you come on? Your uniform also may require 
change or a new suit. I calculate on leaving home for Richmond 
on Thursday the 28th inst. Come by that time or before if you 
conclude to do so. Otherwise send me word where to send your 
Horse, and what equipment or money is necessary. We are all as 
well as usual. The weather cold & cloudy. The enrolling officers 
are here taking all from 17 to 50 years of age, kindly excepting 
the diseased. 

I hear today, that an expedition has gone down the Roanoke, 
with the new Gun boat & flotilla probably to attack Plymouth. I 
suppose Ransom’s Brigade may be in it but have not heard. I fear 
the new enlistment may take off my overseer & leave me again 
without one. Geo. & Aug. will be at home next Saturday. Wm 
will also come then. 

You have heard no doubt that Messrs Gaston & Manly were 
turned back by Butler at Fortress Monroe, for refusing to take 
the oath. They were there several days, and saw 5 or 6 negro 
Regiments in camp from their Hotel. 

Sudie is at school today. Your Mother sends love & that Mr 
Troy will go to your Regt the last of this month; if you are not 
coming home send her word, and she will send a box of pro- 
visions. 

Your Affectionate Father 
W. A. GRAHAM 
Lieut. J. A. GRAHAM 


RICHMOND 
SATURDAY EVENING 
April 30th/64 
My Dear JAMES 
I send by Maj. Everett of the 3rd N. C. Regiment, a pair of 
Military shoes your mother had made for you. I hope they will 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 189 


arrive safely by him or Capt. Thomas whom I hope he will meet 
with on the way. 
I left home yesterday at 2 A. M. arrived here this morning at 6 
am staying at the Ballard— have not taken permanent lodgings. 
We had a letter from Robt giving full ac’t of the battles at Ply- 
mouth. He & John are both safe — in list a man Holsenback 
killed, 15 wounded including Lieut. Wilson. His Regt, 6 killed 
69 wounded. He does not state our whole loss, it is believed to 
be 500. Clarke’s Regt suffered severely. Gen. Beauregard left 
Weldon yesterday evening on Southern train — and I was told 
then, NewBerne would be attacked today. 
Your mother & sister were well. Your Aunt Eliza had been with 
us a few days, but went to Kinston to see your Uncle John’s wife 
who has been quite ill. Geo. & August home last Saturday. 
Affectionately Yours 
W. A. GRAHAM 
Lieut. J. A. GRAHAM 


RICHMOND 

May 6th 1864 
My Dear JAMES 

I write a line by Lieut. Strayhorn to say, that I called on Sec. 

War last Tuesday, in relation to your case. He was quite busy 
but promised to attend to it, and inform me. I have not heard 
from him yet. Your mother, I suppose has written you from 
home. A letter from your Uncle Morrison yesterday informed 
me of the death of your Aunt Mary on the 27th ult. the day I set 
off from home. She was a great sufferer & her dissolution, it is 
to be hoped is a happy relief tho she will be long mourned by me 
to whom she was always tenderly attached. 
As soon as you determine about your horse & equipments, let 
me know, and I will order the mare to be bro’t on and shall be glad 
to see you here. Since writing the foregoing I received the in- 
closed letter from the Sec. War saying there is no vacancy in 
Genl Cooke’s staff &c. If this is a mistake inform me, at once. I 
greatly regret that you shall be disappointed in the matter. Your 


190 James SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 


service entitles you to promotion. I suppose you can hardly ob- 
tain leave of absence till after the expected engagement. If you 
meet with no accident come down as soon as you can. Hokes 
force is ordered Northward, and I suppose NewBerne will not 
be attacked. Your mother writes me that John is noticed as con- 
spicuous for gallantry in the action at Plymouth. Richmond is 
full of excitement today — troops moving & militia turning out, 
in several directions. I trust you will be spared through the ordeal 
that awaits the army. 
Your Affectionate Father 
W. A. GRAHAM 
Lieut. Jas. A. GRAHAM 


GORDONSVILLE VA 
. May 9th 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

We have met the enemy at last and so far we have whipped 
him completely and I hope will continue to do so until we kill 
them out or drive them across the Rappahannock. 

On last Wednesday (4th inst) we left camp about 12 o’clock 
and started down the Plank Road to-wards Fredericksburg. We 
reached Mine Run about 15 miles from Orange C. H. that night. 
The Yankees had thrown their whole force across the River dur- 
ing the day. On Thursday morning about daylight we started 
again our division being in front, Kirkland’s Brigade leading and 
ours next. About 7 o’clock we came upon the Yankees and Kirk- 
lands Brigade was thrown into line of battle across the plank- 
road, skirmishers thrown forward, and soon we commenced driv- 
ing the enemy. Kirkland’s Brigade drove them till 11 o’clock 
(about 6 miles). Our Brigade was then thrown to the front and 
relieved Kirkland. We drove them for about an hour (about 2 
miles) when we came upon their line of Battle. Our skirmishers 
fought their line of battle for some time, but were at last com- 
pelled to fall back to our line of battle which was now formed 
and ready for the Yanks. We were in the thickest forest of little 
trees that I ever saw. About four o’clock the enemy advanced 


THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 191 


upon us three lines deep and soon we were at it hot and heavy. 
Though greatly out numbered, our Brigade and Davis’ which 
were in line stuck to them. After a short while they flanked our 
brigade on the right, but still we stood and fought them until 
Walker’s Brigade was thrown in on our right flank and brought 
us all right again. Kirkland’s Brigade was then thrown in to 
help us. I don’t know very much about the movements after this 
as I was struck about this time and had to get to the rear. I was 
struck by a minnie ball about two or three inches above the knee. 
The ball has not been extracted yet, but I am getting along splen- 
didly and will get a first rate 60 days furlough. I expect to go 
to Richmond to-day or to-morrow. 

Our Co suffered pretty severely. The loss as far as I know 
is as follows viz killed—R. C. Davis—wounded Sergt T. B. 
Whitted in head, Serg’t O. F. Hatch in leg & taken prisoner, 
Corp’! Jas. Miles in shoulder, Private Wm H Crabtree—in hip, 
G. M. Dorothy in face, M. Delany—arm broken, A, J. Forrest— 
hand, slight, D. C. Paul—hip, slight, M. Ray hand, slight, E. H. 
Strayhorn—neck, slight, Wm Thompson—head. 

I was not with the Company during the fight, but was with 
Gen. Cooke, and don’t know whether this is a full list or not. 
Maj. Webb had his arm broken on Friday Morning by a Yankee 
sharpshooter. He is with me and is getting along splendidly. I 
don’t think our Brigade has been actively engaged since Thurs- 
day evening, but can hear very little from the battle field except 
that we whip them every time and are still driving them. 

Capt. Walker Anderson, Ord. Off. of our Brigade was mor- 
tally wounded Thursday evening and died about 9 o’clock that 
night. I must close. Do not be at all uneasy about me as I have 
only a flesh wound and am doing first-rate. Love to all. I remain 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


192 JAMES SpruNT Historica STUDIES 


THE SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY 
Forward Packages by Passenger trains and Steamers, and Dis- 
patches to all parts of the Confederate States. 
Dispatched by Telegraph from Richmond May 16th 1864 

To Mrs. W. A. Graham 
Ball extracted from James leg today. 
Doing well. 
W. A, GRAHAM 


[To Mrs. W. A. GRAHAM] 
[RicHMonpD Va] 
Wednesday Night May 18th 
I again resolve to send James with Mr Whitted, & his son, who 
expect to set off in the morning. His wound is doing well and I 
trust he will go through safely. Dr. De Rosset writes a letter to 
Dr. [Strudwick?] as to his case, and I hope, he will go through 
without injury & bear this to you. Robt Morrison arrived this 
afternoon from our camp 15 miles from here below Drewy’s 
bluff in quest of his brother Jo & I have sent him to his hospital. 
He had not seen John & Robt and I have not heard from them 
since Saturday last; I do not hear of any battle in which they 
could have suffered injury. Alvis Mcl. arrived today by Danville, 
& bro’t me your letter which I was rejoiced to receive. Great 
confidence is felt that Lee will keep back Grant and that Beaure- 
gard will prevail over Butler on the south side of James River. I 
hope the Danville road at best will now be kept open, and that I 
can communicate with you more frequently. I do not go with 
James because he will be well cared for by the way, and I do not 
wish to be absent from my seat. I will endeavor to get home im- 
mediately after the adjournment on the 31st inst. The news seems 
to be confirmed that our forces have been successful west of 
the Missi[ssippi] river. Genl Johnston has had a battle in Geor- 
gia—said to be successful in inflicting on the enemy great loss but 
has fallen back 20 miles from Dalton to Colbern. I have thought 
much of you & my dear daughter in your solitary home but hope 
soon to be with you. 
Ever Affectionately Yours 
W. A. GRAHAM, 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 193 


In THE TRENCHES NEAR PETERSBURG 
Sept. 13th 1864 


My Dear MoTHER 

I reached this place Sunday Night having been delayed 24 
hours on the road by the train running off the track between 
Greensboro & Danville. I had to stay all day at Danville and 
Sunday at Burkeville Junction. I met Cousin Sophie Alexander 
at Greensboro and brought her on as far as Danville when she 
met Mr McGeehee and went to Milton with him. I did not come 
into the trenches until yesterday (Monday) evening and have 
not yet gotten accustomed to the whistling of the bullets & shells 
and dodge a good deal, much to the amusement of all the men 
who have become accustomed to them. I think however that after 
a few days I will not dodge so much. There is nothing like get- 
ting used to a thing. 

Robert came up to our Reg’t to see me yesterday but it was 
before I came in and I did not see him. He and Johnny were 
both well. Their brigade is about 500 yards to our left, Elliotts 
S. C. Brigade being between theirs & ours. 

I expect to go down to see them ina day or two. 

I am acting Inspector for Gen. Cooke but expect to return to 
the Co in a short time, as soon as my leg gets so that I can march 
a little better than I can now; for Capt. Dickson has made appli- 
cation to be put on the “retired list” and our Company is without 
any officer now. Dickson is looking quite badly and I am afraid 
never will be fit for anything again unless he is retired and can 
rest a while. 

Gen. Cooke asked me to return his thanks to you for the 
gloves, also to Father for the bottle of brandy. 

We have sharpshooting along the lines continually but there 
is very little danger if the men will not expose themselves unnec- 
essarily. Very few men of our Brigade have been hurt lately and 
I dont think there has been more than one struck in our Regt 
since we came in the trenches this time—about two weeks—and 
he exposed himself needlessly. We have some artillery firing also 
and now while I am writing the enemy are shelling the batteries 


194 JAMES SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


to the right of our Brigade—about half a mile from me—pretty 
furiously. 

I need not tell you that I dodge pretty often when the guns 
fire, for you can see that very plainly by the blots in this letter. 
Just count each blot a dodge and add on a few, for I don’t dodge 
for every shot, and you can tell how we are getting on. I don’t 
find the trenches near as disagreeable as I anticipated, still I hope 
that we will be relieved before long and allowed to rest awhile, 
but if there is any fighting to be done outside I would prefer 
staying in the trenches. 

Love to all. Write soon 

I remain 
Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


NEAR PETERSBURG VA. 
Oct 6th 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

I have not received a single letter from either you or Father 
since I left home and it is now nearly a month. 

We have at last been relieved from the monotonous and tire- 
some duty of the trenches immediately in front of Petersburg 
and are now about four or five miles from the town. Old Grant 
has been kicking up a fuss for a few days past, but I don’t think 
he has gained anything by it ; at least on this side of the river and 
the little he did gain on the north side of the James I don’t think. 
amounts to much. 

Our Reg’t has lost very few men in this late fuss—not more 
than twenty at most and my company has lost none at all. 

My company has been very fortunate lately. We have lost no 
men since the Ream’s Station fight, Aug 25th, either in the 
trenches or out of them. I have not seen Fred Nash since my 
return, but heard from him yesterday. 

He is very well and has escaped unhurt so far. Please tell 
Mrs Roulhac that as I did not see Tom when I got to camp and 
was afraid of the pickles spoiling, as I had no vinegar to put to 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 195 


them, I eat them up and did not share them with him as she 
wished. He sent to me once to know if I had brought anything 
for him and I sent him the letter and bundle, but the pickles were 
out at the wagon that day and I could not get at them then. 

My wound is getting better and does not pain me much now 
except in damp weather, but I have done very little duty since I 
returned and don’t think I can do much in some little time, espe- 
cially if we have much moving about to do. However I hope that 
before very long I will be able to go on duty all right. 

Iam glad to see by the papers that we are getting the better of 
the Yanks at almost all points in Georgia, Missouri, Southwestern 
Virginia, the Valley and elsewhere and also that we are able to 
hold our own so well at this point. I think that Grant will make 
some desperate attempts to do something during this month and 
before the end of this campaign, but I am in hopes that “Mars 
Bob Lee” will be more than enough for him wherever he shows 
himself. 

There is little or no news here and you can find out more from 
the papers than I could tell you. 

I was quite sick with a bad cold and dysentery about ten days 
ago, but have gotten entirely well again I believe. 

Love to all. Write soon. As ever 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


NEAR PETERSBURG VA 

Nov 5th 1864 
Dear MoTHER 

I reached Petersburg last Saturday night and went out to 

Camp on Sunday. When I reached Greensboro on Wednesday 
morning and found that Cousin Laura Morrison would be there 
that evening I thought I would stay there Thursday. I stayed 
Thursday and on Thursday night was left as I was unable to get 
on the train on account of the crowd and found it impossible to 
get my boxes on. I therefore stayed there Friday and left for 
Camp Friday night. I left Robert’s valise & jug at our wagon 


196 JaMEs SprRUNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


camp on Sunday and sent him word to send up and get them. He 
sent for them on Monday. I have not seen either Robert or 
Johnny since my return. We are about five or six miles apart and 
I have been pretty busy since my return. I returned to my Com- 
pany as soon as I came back and have been in command of it since 
that time. Capt. Dickson has been retired and I am now Capt. 

I wish you would send me what is left of my herrings and 
something else to eat by Walter Thompson when he comes on 
again. I think he will start about the 20th but you can find out. 
Send some lard & butter and anything else good to eat. 

We are getting pretty good rations now and have received 
one ration of brandy this week. 

It is the second time I have seen liquor issued as rations since 
we left Ft. Macon, but I understand that they will issue it again 
to-day, but I don’t think we will get any more soon. 

I suppose that Cousin Laura Morrison & Cousin Mollie Young 
have paid you their expected visit before this time as Cousin 
Laura told me she expected to go down soon after the Synod was 
over. 

I am on picket now and have to write on this dirty sheet of 
paper and with a pencil as it is the best I can get just now. There 
is no news. Love to all. Write soon 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 
Capt &c 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y 
NEAR PETERBURG VA 
Nov 16th 1864 

DeEar MoTHER 

Weare having a very quiet time in Camp now. 

Contrary to the expectations of almost every body we have 
had no fight this month and I don’t think there is much chance of 
our fighting any more this campaign, at least about Petersburg. 
I wish things would settle down so that we could go into winter 
quarters ; for the winter seems to have set in in good earnest. 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 197 


The nights are very cold and we have a heavy frost almost 
every morning. 

This is the day set apart by President Davis as a day of public 
worship and we will have no drill or military duties of any sort 
until Parade this afternoon. 

As it is getting so near winter and our men are needing gloves, 
cannot your “Soldiers Aid Society” send me about 30 or 40 prs 
of gloves for my company. Some socks also would be very ac- 
ceptable as the socks we draw are very inferior and we seldom 
draw any. 

Please ask father to bring my cloth on with him when he re- 
turns to Richmond and I will try and get a leave of three or four 
days to come to Richmond and have it made up. The cloth I got 
this fall is what I want him to bring. 

When you send me a box I wish you would send me some 
sorghum & onions as they are about the best things for us in 
Camp, also my herrings. 

I have a good many bottles that I will send you by the first 
opportunity if we don’t move camp; and I be compelled to leave 
them ; before I get a chance to send them. 

Please send me some postage stamps if there are any in Hills- 
boro. It is impossible to get any here. 

I must close as the mail carrier is waiting for my letter. Write 
soon. Love to all 

As ever 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH N. C. Inr’y 

Nov 23d 1864 
My Dear MotuHeEr 

We are having a quiet but cold time up here now, It rained 

for nearly three days, but cleared up night before last and since 
then has been terribly cold. The ground has not thawed at all to- 
day and is freezing still harder to-night. Our men are, as a gen- 
eral thing, comfortably clad, but need blankets. 


198 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


We hope however to get a full supply of blankets to-morrow 
or next day and then we will be fixed for the winter. 

I do not look for any movement soon as the ground is so soft 
since the rain, except when it is frozen, that it will be almost im- 
possible for Grant to move in some time. 

I suppose that Father has returned to Richmond by this time. 
I want to go to Richmond and see him some time during the next 
month if everything keeps quiet and I can get off. 

I went to Petersburg to see Johnny & Robert about a week ago. 
They were both very well. Robert, I think looks fatter than I ever 
saw him before. 

I have not had a line from home since I left except a letter 
from Sister Julia received day before yesterday. Say to her that I 
will answer it in a few days. 

I do not much think that I will be able to get a furlough this 
winter, but will try to get one if possible. My wounded leg has 
gotten entirely well I believe as it has not pained me at all in 
some time. 

I hope your “Soldier’s Aid Society’ will send me the gloves 
for my company that I asked for in my last letter to you. 

I would have written this letter with pen & ink instead of 
pencil, but it is too cold to sit at the desk in the back part of the 
tent away from the fire. There is no news that I know as I have 
not read the papers in the past two or three days. 

Love to all. Write soon 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


[JouN WaSHINGTON GRAHAM, TO His MoTHER] 
56TH Rect. N. C. TRoors RANsom’s BRIGADE 
“Trenches” near Petersburg Va Nov. 27th 1864 


My Dear MotTHeErR 

My Regiment still occupies the same position as when I last 
wrote and the same state of comparative quiet prevails along our 
immediate front. I presume the enemy are well posted as to our 
strength & position of Regiments as desertions from the 24th 


Tue JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 199 


Regiment on our left have been quite frequent of late, and some 
few cases from the Regts on our right. I am glad to say that there 
have been none from my Regiment in a good while, though I cant 
say how soon they may catch the infection. The 24th has lately 
received over 150 conscripts which has caused the trouble, in 
some cases old soldiers joining them. The men who have stayed 
at home, since the beginning of the war are for the most part, 
either miserable cowards or impregnated with Holdenism—(al- 
though they were afraid to vote for him) that it is very doubtful 
whether the efficiency of the army is increased by bringing them 
into service. 
Lieut. James M. Clarke is now at home and I asked him to bring 
a box back with him for me. If you can fix one for me please send 
some biscuits—as we draw meal altogether now, and a cake would 
be acceptable. I would like to have my uniform coat and vest and 
three linen shirts and some socks that will fit. Lieut. Robert T. 
Faucett will be at home in a few [days?] on eighteen days leave 
from this date and will bring any thing you do not send by Lieut. 
Clarke. There is a book “Broom’s Commentaries on Common 
Law” that I would like to have, as it is very probable we will re- 
main in this position during the winter. Although the Northern 
papers as well as our own say that Grant is to make a grand at- 
tempt for the capture of Richmond in a short time and that he is 
to be assisted by a terrible fleet of Iron-Clads, which will be car- 
ried through the Dutch Gap Canal, which is now represented as 
nearly completed. Genl Lee is in fine spirits though very active 
and has moved his Hd Ors. out of Petersburg but I dont know 
where he is gone. Robert is as well as usual. I have not seen or 
heard of Jimmie since I last wrote. I have not heard whether 
Grant has returned from New Jersey or not, but presume he has 
as their papers say the Iron-Clads have moved up from Fortress 
Monroe. I have not received a letter from you this month, I dont 
think, and hope you will answer this one. My best love to Sisters 
Sudie, Julia and Betty. 
‘With much love, Your afft son 

Joun W. GRAHAM 


200 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 
Dec 3d 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

I have not received a letter from you since I left home more 
than a month ago and have not heard from home at all except a 
letter received from sister Julia about ten days ago and a letter 
from father after his return to Richmond. I expect to try to get 
a leave of absence for three or four days to visit Richmond about 
Monday week (12th inst) and will then have my uniform made. 
I do not think there will be any possibility of my coming home 
this winter as so many of the officers of our Regt have to go 
before my time comes. 

We have built our Winter Quarters and are very comfortably 
fixed up. Maj. Webb, Capt. Sloan from Greensboro and myself 
have a house together and expect to have a fine time this winter 
if Grant will only let us remain quiet. The weather has been so 
pleasant for the last week that I have expected the Yanks to move: 
most any day, but we have been unmolested so far and I am in 
hopes that they will not move any more this winter. 

I wish you would send me a Christmas box by Walter 
Thompson. He will start on the 16th of December as you will 
see by his advertisement in the Hillsboro Recorder. 

Please send me a turkey, some chickens, butter, vegetables, 
sorghum, apples, a big cake, some “slapjacks”, a pound or two of 
sugar, a few eggs, and two or three bottles of brandy, as I want 
to have a regular good time Christmas if ‘Old Grant” will only 
let us alone. 

Also please send me my calf skin and leather for my boot legs: 
cut out by the enclosed pattern (2 of them) and sole leather for 
the soles & heels; as I want to have a pair of boots made by a 
No 1 shoe maker in my company, Willis can cut off the leather 
for the soles of the boots & the legs. Tell him to cut the legs so. ™ 
that the bottom of them will be from the thickest part of the: 
leather. Please send me some sewing thread & buttons as I have: 
not a single button or a foot of thread and therefore could not do 
any mending on my clothes if they needed any. I am afraid that: 


Tue JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 201 


Iam asking for too many things at once, but as I have got in a 
‘begging mood I hardly know where to stop. We are getting only 
tolerable rations now meal and fat, strong bacon or Nassau 
pickled pork and anything in the shape of something to eat would 
be very acceptable. 

My company is getting along splendidly and I think I have 
one of the best companies in the Confederate Army or, if they 
are not so already, I intend to make them so before I am done 
with them. I am thinking of starting a school in my company 
this winter if we can only remain quiet, so as to teach every man 
in it at least to read and write, even if I don’t have time to teach 
them any thing more. It would be a good way of passing the long 
weary hours of these winter days and long nights and besides 
would be of quiet benefit to many in the company. I wish that we 
could have schools all over the army, for the men would be glad 
of any thing of the sort to pass off the time and, I have no doubt, 
would take great interest in them. 

Dont forget to ask the “Soldier’s Aid Society” for the gloves 
and socks I wrote for some time ago, as the winter is now upon 
us and a man without gloves fares rather badly when he has to 
handle his guns these cold days. Our men are all pretty comfort- 
ably clad now as we drew a lot of clothing a few days ago, but 
some of them are needing shoes. We hope however, to get a lot 
of shoes in a few days now. There is no news along our lines, 
though a few days ago I thought that before this time we would 
have had a fight with the Yanks. 

Be sure and send me a big box by Walter Thompson with all 
sorts of good things in it for Christmas. 

Love to all. 

Write soon and believe me ever 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


202 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y 
Dec 7th 1864 
My Dear MoTHER 

I was very glad to receive your very welcome letter of Nov 
29th a day or two ago. I did not expect a box by Walter Thomp- 
son when he came last time as I saw by his advertisement that he 
would only bring boxes for the hospitals and the prisoners and I 
had no idea that he would come to Petersburg Va. I hope how- 
ever that you will send me a big box Christmas, and dont forget 
to send the leather for my boots about which I wrote you four or 
five days ago. I don’t know what ever became of the jar & bottles 
I started to send you by David Parks. I expect they are lost. 

I will try to get a large lot of bottles and send them to you by 
Walter Thompson when he returns after his trip here this month. 
Bottles are very scarce about here now. 

I am sorry that the impressing officer took your. carriage 
horses, but suppose that he made a pretty clean sweep as he went. 
Iam very glad they did not take my horse. 

I am sorry to hear that Sudie and Sister Julia have been sick 
and hope they are entirely well again by this time. 

We have finished our Winter Quarters and are all very com- 
fortably fixed up. Everything is perfectly quiet along our lines 
and I hope may remain so. 

The news from Georgia has been a great deal better for the 
past three or four days than before and I hope they may yet give 
Sherman a lively time before he reaches the sea-coast. 

I expect to go to Richmond next Monday to spend two days. 
There is no news. 
Love to all 
Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


THe JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 203 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y 
Dec 18th 1864 
My Dear MotTHER 

Your letter of 9th inst was received a few days ago. It is the 
second letter I have received from you since I left home in Octo- 
ber. You mentioned having written three, but the third one has 
never reached me. | would not write this morning as it is Sunday 
but I have a good chance to send this by one of my men (New- 
man) who starts home this morning. 

I can hear the Yankee guns now pegging away at or near 
Petersburg very plainly. 

It sounds as though they were firing salutes, for they fire very 
regularly and I suppose they are celebrating a victory gained 
somewhere. 

Whenever they gain a victory now they fire shotted salutes 
on the lines around Petersburg. Possibly Sherman has taken 
Savannah, but I hope not. When we were in the trenches they 
shelled up pretty strong the mornings after they heard of Early’s 
defeats in September. 

We finished adding another room to our house yesterday and 
are now very comfortably fixed as we have two rooms, one for a 
sitting room and the other for sleeping. 

My feet have not yet recovered from the effects of the hard 
march we took last week and are still very sore. 

I expect to start to Richmond to-morrow morning, if my fur- 
lough comes back this evening approved. 

I see by the N. C. papers received yesterday that Mr. T. S. 
Ashe has been elected Senator from N. C. in place of Mr Dortch. 
I hope he will make a better Senator than Mr Dortch did. 

No news. Love to all. Write soon 

As ever 
Your affectionate son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


204 JaMEs SpruNT HistToricaAL STUDIES 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. Inr’y 
Dec 24th 1864 

My Dear MotTHER 

I received your very welcome letter of 16th inst yesterday 
evening when I returned from Richmond also the box; for which 
Iam very much obliged. Johnny & I went to Richmond Wednes- 
day morning and returned yesterday. I am having my uniform 
coat made in Richmond at $350, an enormous price, but every- 
thing is horribly high now. I thought that I could have my pants 
made at home better and cheaper than I could there. I wish you 
would let Amanda cut and make my pants & vest by the pattern 
of those Carmichael cut for me last summer as they fit very well. 

The things in my box were in very good condition and Maj. 
Webb, Capt Sloan & I expect to have a big dinner next Monday. 
Everything on our lines is perfectly quiet and I hope may remain 
so. 

I was at Ransom’s Brigade yesterday and took dinner with 
Robert. He and Johnny are both very well. 

I have not time to write more as I wish to send this by Alex 
and he wished to leave pretty soon. 

Love to all. Write soon to 

Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A GRAHAM 
P. S. I wish you all a happy Christmas and would be glad if I 
could spend it with you 
Your Son J.A.G. 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y 

Dec 30th 1864 
My Dear MotHER 

I wrote to you last Saturday by Alex, but he was in such a 

hurry to leave that I had time to write only a short note. We had 
a very pleasant time last Monday. Maj. Webb, Capt. Sloan and I 
had a big Christmas dinner and invited about a dozen friends so 
that our Christmas passed off very pleasantly. I wanted Johnny 
& Robert to come down that day, but they could not get off. Our 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 205 


bill of fare for dinner was bacon & cabbage, turnips, potatoes 
fried & boiled, ham, chicken, turkeys, geese, beef &c with cake 
for dessert. It was the best dinner I have ever yet seen in camp 
and I enjoyed it, especially as I had to go on picket that night in 
the rain. 

I received the gloves and gave them to my company. Please 
return my thanks to the ladies for them. I believe it is customary 
to return thanks for such things through the paper, but I am no 
hand for newspaper writing. 

I intended sending you a lot of bottles by Alex but I had no 
way to send a box to town and Alex could not carry it on his 
shoulder as it is about 8 miles. 

I will however send them as soon as I can. Our Band starts 
to North Carolina to-morrow to give concerts to raise money to 
purchase schoolbooks for this Brigade. 

We are going to establish a school in each Reg’t while we are 
in Winter Quarters and I hope much good may result from it. 
The band will be in Hillsboro on Wednesday & Thursday I 
expect. 

We have had no mail for about ten days until to-day and only 
a small one then. I dont know what is the matter with the mail 
but I hope it may come regularly now; for, if we are deprived of 
the mail, we will fare but poorly in camp as we have very little 
pleasure now except from the letters & papers we get. 

Everything is quiet on our lines and, from the state of the 
weather I think is likely to remain so for some time. 

As the mails are so irregular I will send this by one of the 
Band who will mail it some where on the road. Write soon 

Love to all. As ever 

Your Affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


206 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


Camp 27TH No, Ca. InF’y 
Jan 13th 1865 
My Dear MoTHER 

I received a letter from George, written for you a day or two 
ago. 

We are having a quiet time in camp now nothing at all to 
bother us except the mud and that dont bother us much; for we 
know that as long as the ground keeps in the condition it now is it 
will be impossible for the Yanks to make any movement. We 
have had rain about twice a week for three or four weeks past, 
mixed with a little snow now and then, and now the roads are 
worse than I ever saw them before. 

Iam sorry to hear that the late rains have broken the Danville 
Rail Road as it will interfere with our men going home on fur- 
lough, by compelling them to go around by Weldon and they then 
have to walk to the end of the Weldon R. R. which is some twenty 
five or thirty miles from here. 

George writes me that Father intends trying to get a place for 
him as midshipman in the Navy. I hope he may succeed for I 
would dislike very much for him to have to enter the army as a 
private now. 

Robert came down to see me last Monday. He expects to start 
home next Monday on furlough and I expect, if he succeeds in 
getting his furlough, he will be at home before this reaches you, 
for the mails are very irregular now. 

How did you like our Band? I miss them very much; for it 
seems quite lonely to have no music at all after hearing the Band 
twice a day for so long a time. 

I had a most delightful time last Tuesday on picket in the 
hardest rain I think I ever saw, wading about in mud and water 
knee deep nearly all day, but what fun is there in a soldier’s life 
unless he can have some such good times as that now and then. 

I think there is some chance of my getting a furlough in about 
two months if all things keep on straight, for the officers of our 
Regt are getting furloughs pretty fast now and my turn will come 
after a while. 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 207 


I must close as it is about sunrise and the mail leaves about 
that time. Love to all. Write soon. 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH N.C. INF’y 
Jan 18th 1865 


My Dear MoTHER 

As one of my men starts home on furlough to night I will 
write you a short letter by him. 

We have had little or no mail for ten days past as the Rail 
Road has been broken somewhere between Greensboro and Dan- 
ville by the rains of week or two ago. I hope you enjoyed the 
music made by our Band while they were in Hillsboro. I think 
very likely that I shall take charge of the school we intend estab- 
lishing in our Reg’t. Don’t you think I’ll make a No 1 school 
teacher especially when things don’t go to suit me? 

I intended going to Richmond about this time to pay Father a 
visit and to get my coat, but as I think there is a slight chance of 
my getting a furlough to come home about the latter part of 
March and was afraid this might interfere with it, I have con- 
cluded not to apply for leave at this time. 

Everything is perfectly quiet on our lines at present and there 
is plenty of mud everywhere about here. 

I am sorry to hear that the Yankees have taken Fort Fisher, 
but it was nothing more than I expected. I expect most of the 
people about home now are wearing long faces and looking “blue” 
as they always do whenever we meet with a little reverse. 

If some of them could only come up here and catch the good 
spirits of the soldiers I think they would feel better. 

I have not time to write more as Cooley wants to start very 
soon. 

I think I am in as good health as I ever was in my life and am 
growing fleshier every day. If I could only keep on in this way 


208 JAMES SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES ~ 


long enough I think I would be as large as a grown man after a 
while. 
Love to all. Write soon 
As ever 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. Inr’y 
Feb’y 4th 1865 
My Dear MotTHER 

Alex reached camp day before yesterday evening, bringing 
me a bag of eatables which is very acceptable about this time as 
our rations now & then will sometimes get a little short, on ac- 
count of the breaks in the Rail Roads caused by the rains of some 
two or three weeks ago. 

I was sorry to hear from brother Joe’s letter that you were 
unwell and I hope you have entirely recovered by this time. 

I would like very much to be at home now while sister’s rela- 
tives are with you. 

I think it very likely that I will get a furlough about the last 
of this month or the lst of March, but there is no certainty about 
such things now-a-days. 

The flag, made by the young ladies of Hillsboro for our Reg’t, 
was presented by me to the Regt day before yesterday evening 
and was received by Capt. Joyner of Pitt Co. Mrs Gen. Cooke 
and some other ladies were present on the occasion. 

I have got my schoolhouse built and think I shall commence the 
duties of the school on Monday. 

I feel very little in the humor for letter writing this morning 
and would not write at all, but it has been more than a week since 
I have written home and J make it a point to write once a week, at 
least. 

I am in as good health as I ever was in my life and am having 
a pretty good time generally, though it has been so cold lately 
that we could hardly drill or do anything else. 

No News. Love to all. Write soon 

Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 209 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y— 
Feb 6th 1865 
My Dear Moruer 

We met the enemy yesterday evening and had a pretty sharp 
fight, but I am glad to say that I escaped unhurt. About ten 
o’clock yesterday morning it was reported that the enemy were 
moving to our right. We soon had our Brigade in fighting trim 
and ready for them. We were moved about from one point to an- 
other till about 4 o’clock when we came up with the Yanks and 
drove them to their works. Here we fought them till after dark 
when we drew off. 

There were only two casualties in my company viz. B. F. 
Holloway mortally wounded (died this morning about daylight) 
and W. J. Dickson wounded in arm severely, but not dangerously. 

I am very sorry for Holloway’s death as he was as good a 
man as I had in my company. We returned to camp about 9 
o’clock last night and I hope it is over with for the present. 

Somehow whenever there is any flanking or dirty fighting to 
be done Cooke’s Brigade has to take the lead. I hope they will put 
some other Brigade ahead next time. 

Don’t be at all uneasy about me for I think the Yankees only 
wished to advance their lines a little and will now keep quiet. 

I am a strong peace man to-day, as I always am after a fight, 
and sincerely wish the Yankees would make peace and go home 
and let us alone. 

I still hope that I will get a furlough about the last of this 
month or the first of March. Love to all 

Write soon 
Affectionately your Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’-y— 
Feb 24th 1865 
My Dear MorHer 
I expected to have started home on furlough in two or three 
days from this time, but this morning my furlough was returned 


210 JAMES SpruNT HistoricAL STUDIES 


disapproved and I will not be able to get a furlough this spring as 
all officers furloughs are stopped. 

I was very anxious to get home this spring before the cam- 
paign opened, but I shall have to wait until next fall unless I am 
as fortunate this summer as I was last. I think it will not be very 
long now before the campaign opens with us and I sincerely hope 
and pray that our arms may be successful and that I may escape 
through it all unhurt. I wish you would have me a pair of good 
stout coarse pants made, for I expect to take it rough this summer 
and to carry very little baggage besides what I carry on my back. 
I suppose that Robert & Johnny have returned to camp by this 
time, but I have not seen them yet. I expect, however, to go up 
to their Regt in a few days. 

Their are several preachers with our Brigade now among 
them Mr Wingate & Mr Pritchard from Raleigh—and they are 
trying to start a revival, but it seems to work rather slowly. 

There has been a good many desertions from our army lately, 
but I am proud to say that I have never yet had a deserter from 
my company and I sincerely hope I never may have. 

There is no news in our camp at all. I have not time to write 
more as Mr Smith is ready to start and waiting for my letter. 
Love to all. 

Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y 
March 8th 1865 
My Dear MoTHER 
Contrary to my expectations we have had no fight on our 
lines yet, and I am beginning to think that we will not have one 
soon; for I believe that Grant will wait for Sherman & Co to 
develop their plans fully before he tries us. 
The spirits of our troops are improving every day and I hope 
they will soon be all right again. There have been a great many 
desertions lately, but my company had never had one since the 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 ZAit 


war commenced until one night last week when four of my men 
deserted to the Yankees. Their names were W. T. Cape, W. A. 
Crabtree, W. H. Crabtree and D. C. Paul. 

I had prided myself a good deal on never having had a de- 
serter and hoped that I would never have one. I can’t see how 
any man in his senses can desert if he will only think of it for a 
moment. Most of the desertions lately have been caused by let- 
ters from home. If the people at home would only write cheering 
letters to their friends in the army instead of counselling them to 
commit this base crime everything would go on so much better 
with us, 

I went to Richmond last Friday and returned to camp Sunday. 
Father was very well. I saw Johnny & Robert on Sunday. They 
were also well. I wish you would send me by the first opportunity 
two prs socks as these I have are nearly worn out. Also please 
send the pants I wrote to you about sometime ago. I received 
Sudie’s letter a day or two ago in which she stated that you would 
send me something by Walter Thompson. He has not yet arrived 
but we are looking for him every day. 

I saw yesterday a Yankee paper of the 5th inst. containing 
Lincoln’s inaugural address. It was very short little over half a 
column. He called slavery an offence in the sight of God and said 
that this war was sent upon us as a punishment for that offence 
and that perhaps “it would continue till every drop of blood drawn 
by the lash was repaid by that drawn by the sword’’. He quoted 
a good deal from the Bible and I think was really sacreligious in 
some parts of it. Day after to-morrow is the day set apart by 
President Davis as a “day of fasting, humiliation & prayer” and 
T hope it may be strictly observed both by the army and the people 
at home, for we need God’s help in this our time of trouble, and 
I believe that he will yet bring us out of all our trials and enable 
us to triumph over the Yankees. 

There is no news in our camp. Love to all. 

Write soon, 

Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM, 


212 James SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


Camp 27TH N. C. Inr’y 
March 20th 1865 
My Dear MoTHER 

As Mr Thompson of my company starts home on furlough 
this morning I will write you a short letter by him. 

I send you my coat which I wish you would have fixed up 
for me. 

If you think it will do to wear longer without turning please 
have it cleaned up or, if not, please have it turned. The sleeves. 
are too short and I wish you would put cuffs on them so as to 
make them 114 inches longer. If you have any nice grey cloth 
it would do or, if not, the blue pants I sent home by Father would 
make very nice cuffs. They are too small for me. You mentioned 
in your last letter, received two days ago, that you had received a 
package from me containing a coat, pr pants & vest. It must 
have been from Robert or Johnny for I have not sent any clothes. 
home except my new coat & boots and the blue pants. I left 
them with Father when I was in Richmond last. 

I received my box by Thompson and it came in very good 
time for rations were rather short just then. 

I have gotten a pair of pants from our Q. M. and will not 
need the coarse pants, I wrote for, just now. 

I was very glad to hear yesterday afternoon that Hoke had 
whipped the Yankees again about Kinston and I sincerely hope: 
that Sherman will be stopped before he reaches our part of the 
state. 

I was in hopes that we would remain quiet for some time 
longer, but about two hours ago we received orders to be ready to 
move. I hope, however, that we may not move and that these 
orders were given so that we might be ready to move in case of 
necessity. I will write to you again in a day or two and let you 
know if we do move. It is now 4 o’clock A. M. and I must stop 
and pack up my valise. 

Tell Sudie I will answer her letter before long. I would write 
to her this morning, but I have not time. Love to all. As ever 

Your affectionate Son 
James A. GRAHAM 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 PANS, 


P. S. Please send my coat back by Thompson. He will leave 
Hillsboro about the 5th of April as his furlough is out on the 7th— 


7 o’clock A. M. 
P. PS As we have not moved yet I don’t much think we will so 
you need not be at all uneasy about me 
Your &c 
Mite on 


ON THE Picket LINE 
March 26th 1865 
My Dear FATHER 

I telegraphed you yesterday afternoon that Johnny & Robert 
‘were wounded. 

Johnny is wounded in both legs above the knee, ball passing 
in front of the bone in right leg & behind the bone in left. 

The Surgeon who examined his wound told me that it was 
not dangerous, though quite a severe wound. Robert is wounded 
in left leg below the knee—a slight wound that will give him 
about 30 days furlough. 

They are at the house of a Mr. Johnson, in Petersburg, who 
says that his father was a friend of yours; and were both doing 
very well when I left them yesterday afternoon. 

They were wounded in a charge on the enemys works yester- 
day morning in which we were very successful at first, but I think 
we were rather worsted toward the end; still on the whole we 
got rather the better of the enemy. Our brigade was not engaged, 
though present and under a good deal of shelling. Part of our 
Brigade was engaged yesterday evening, but lost very few men. 
None of my company were hurt, but one, C. L. Dunnagan, taken 
prisoner. 

I am on picket to-day with the enemy pretty close to me, but 
everything is perfectly quiet. Col. Webb escaped unhurt also all 
the officers of Roberts company. I have not heard whether Lt. 
Roulhac was hurt or not. Among the officers captured was Col. 
Jas. T. Morehead Jr (53d N. C.) from Greensboro & Col. H. A. 
Brown (1st N. C.) from Wilkesboro. I have slept only about 6 


214 JAMES SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 


hours in the past two nights and feel a good deal used up, but I 
think I will sleep all day to-morrow, as I will be relieved in the 
morning ; and thereby make up for lost time. I cannot write more 
at present. Love to all. Write soon to 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM. 


CuHar.orTteE, N. C. 
May 20th 1865 
My Dear MoTHER 

I expect you think I have been a long time in writing to you. 
but I have been going around to the plantations and out in the 
country where I have had no chance to send any letters any where. 

I received Father’s telegram last Sunday and came down to 
Charlotte on Tuesday to meet him, but he did not come. Robert 
reached here Wednesday night and I went with him to his place 
on Thursday. He told me that Father expected to be here last 
night so I came back yesterday for him. I received his telegram 
to-day stating that he would be up on Tuesday 23d inst and will 
wait here for him. 

None of the negroes at the plantations have left yet that I 
have heard of and when I left the Eirhart place last Tuesday they 
were working better than they had done in some time past. Two 
at Robert’s place (Sam & Hilliard) spoke of leaving but had not 
done so up to Friday morning. Two of Aunt Violet’s have left, 
one of them hiring herself to a Jew and the other setting up for 
herself. 

Some of the people here have none at all remaining and the 
town was filled the first part of this week with negroes from the 
country, but the Yankees arrest them and put them to work clean- 
ing up the streets, whenever they find them idling about; so that 
most of them have returned home or at least left town. I am very 
glad to hear that so few have left you. George is up at Eirharts 
and I expect is having quite a lonely time since I came down, but 
he can amuse himself shooting squirrels for there is plenty of 
them about there. The house that brother Joe occupied here, 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 215 


nearly opposite Aunt Violet’s, is for sale. Stanhouse, a Jew, who 
owns it asks $500 in specie, but that would be rather hard to raise 
now I expect. 

Almost everybody about here is very anxious for Father to 
run for Governor and it was reported about a week ago that he 
was a candidate. 

Charlotte is filled with Yankee soldiers, one whole division 
being camped here, but they behave themselves pretty well as a 
general thing. 

All of Aunt Violet’s family are very well except Cousin Alice 
who has been suffering with a cold for a day or two past. Cousin 
Wm Morrison is a good deal better and is now able to be up and 
about. All the rest of our relations are very well. 

Love to all. Write soon. 

As ever 
Your affectionate Son 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


CHarorte, N. C. 

May 30th 1865 
My DEAR FATHER 

Jim & Ben came up here yesterday from the S. C. plantation 

on their way to Hillsboro bringing a letter from Wallace to 
you which I send enclosed. It seems that Fred had gone to 
the plantation and told them there that you and Mother said 
that all of them who had children down at home must come 
and take them away immediately and they were on their way 
after their sons John & Mike. I told them they had better go 
_ back to the plantation and go to work and if you wanted their 
children up here you would send them up. They went back 
this morning. They said that everything was getting on very 
well at the plantation, all hands working well and intending to 
remain, at least until you came up and that they would never 
have thought of leaving the plantation if Fred had not brought 
them this message about their children. They said that Fred 
left the plantation on Sunday saying that he was going back to 


216 JAMES SprunT HistoricaAL STUDIES 


Hillsboro, but there is no telling where he has gone. I saw him 
here last week when I was expecting you up and he told me 
he was on his way to Robert’s place, but I believe I wrote you 
about that last week. Some of the Yankee Cavalry paid a visit 
to the Eirhart place last Sunday week (21st) and took six or 
seven bushels of corn, 270 lbs of fodder, 28 lbs of bacon & 14 
Ibs of flour. The Lieut. in charge gave George a receipt for it 
but when I presented it to the Q. M. here for payment he said 
it was worth nothing and George went over to Concord yester- 
day to see the Lieut. and make him give a proper voucher so 
that he could collect the money. None of the negroes have left 
the Eirhart place yet, though Ephrain, Mose, Henderson & 
Johnson were somewhat in the notion of going off with the 
Yankees when they were there. Johnson started with them, 
but Phoebe made him come back. They, are all working very 
well now and say they intend to remain until you come up. 
Sam & Hilliard left Robert, but Sam has returned. Our negroes 
have done better than any others I know of, for almost every 
body I can hear of has lost some if not all. A great many 
persons in this section are anxious for you to run for Gov. 
and I have been asked by a good many if I thought you would 
consent to become a candidate. I told them I knew noth- 
ing. . 
[ UNSIGNED] 


GRAHAM 
ALAMANCE Co., N. C. 
Oct 17th 1876. 

Cuas. E, MILLER Esg 


My Dear Sir 

Your favor of 4th inst to hand a few days ago. I have been so 
engaged, both with law business and politics, (as we are now in 
the midst of a heated political contest) that I have not had the 
time, before this, to write you as fully as I would wish or as I 
think your letter deserved. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 217 


Iam comparatively a young member of the bar myself, having 
been practising only since 1866. 

I finished my college course in 1860 and then, the late war 
coming on soon after, carried me, as well as the rest of the young 
men of the South, to the tented field instead of peaceful pursuits ; 
so that I only obtained license to practice law after the end of the 
war. I am, however, always willing to extend any courtesy I 
can to any member of the bar, whether from the North or the 
South; and especially to give any information I can concerning 
my native state. 

We have, I think, one of the finest climates the sun ever shone 
upon and, to take our State from the seaboard to the mountains, 
we produce nearly everything that the other states do. In the 
East we have the pine lumber, tar pitch turpentine and other naval 
stores, cotton hemp, corn &c. In the middle, or Piedmont section, 
we have some cotton, but our principal products are tobacco and 
grain. We are also a manufacturing people in this section, hav- 
ing seven cotton factories in this county alone, besides, others in 
the surrounding counties. In the west we have the finest fruits 
of the world, besides grain and, in the southwestern counties, 
cotton. Minerals abound in the western part of the State 
viz: gold, copper, Iron &c and even in this section we are work- 
ing all three of these. In the adjoining County of Guilford there 
is one of the finest iron mines in the United States and parties 
are now mining the ore and shipping it North for the purpose of 
making steel,—it being the best they can find in the U. S. We 
have also, in the West, marbles—black, parti-colored, flesh col- 
ored, white, &c; mica, lead &c. Our eastern counties furnish 
marl in large quantities, which is a far better, and more accessible 
manure, than many, or in fact all, of the guanos and other nos- 
trumes that our farmers get. In a word, we are the only State in 
the Union that furnishes every thing that can be produced in the 
United States. This is shown by the census reports of 1870. 
Sheep husbandry and cattle raising have much attention in sev- 
eral parts of the State, especially in the west and our people are 
making money from them. 


218 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcAL STUDIES 


As to the finances of our State; it was once wealthy and, be- 
fore the late war, our bonds sold in the market of New York at a 
higher rate than those of any other State. By the war, we lost 
all of our slaves as well as much of our other property ; our banks 
were, at the end of it, almost insolvent and our people very much 
impoverished. 

Under the reconstruction acts a new constitution was adopted 
in 1868, by a Convention—very few of the members of which had 
any interest with our people or paid any taxes. They submitted it 
to the people but only gave them 27 days to consider this whole 
upturning of our fundamental law and as 20,000 of our best men 
were disfranchised and 80,000 negroes, recently freed, were al- 
lowed to vote it was adopted by about 19,000 majority. Since then 
changes have been made in it by the votes of both political parties. 
So that it is now better suited to our people and by the election 
held on Nov 7th we hope to make further changes which will 
make it nearer suited to our condition. We are a rural people and 
our country, generally, sparsely settled. Our new constitution 
was, in its principal points, a copy of the Constitution of New 
York & Ohio. Now can you make a coat that fits a fat man 
weighing 300 Ibs, fit a man that weighs 120 Ib and very lean 
at that, without some alterations ? 

But I was speaking of our finances. The Legislature of 1868-9 
and 1869-70 by appropriations for various schemes for which they 
were paid—as is shown by the confession of some of their mem- 
bers—increased our State debt $26,000,000. $13,000,000 of this 
has been declared to be unconstitutional by our Supreme Court. 
At the beginning of the war our debt was $8,000,000. Interest has 
accumulated since then. I have not the report before me and do 
not know that I can get it in time to mail with this letter, but our 
debt including Ante war debt, the debt incurred during the war— 
under acts passed before—for internal improvements and the 
$13,000,000 wild cat or special tax bonds not yet declared uncon- 
stitutional, amounts to $34,000,000 or $35,000,000. Our people 
will never pay these special tax bonds. Both parties are opposed 
to it. The tax in our county this year—including State tax & 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 219 


county tax, schools &c is on the $100 worth of property and $ 

on the poll. So much for finances ; and now as to politics. You 
say “I shall hold to my opinions, and” “if asked, shall express 
them but will not intrude them upon” “‘any one” &c. I can assure 
you that any man coming into the State of North Carolina with 
the purpose of becoming a citizen and identifying himself with 
the people, can both hold and express his political sentiments 
without interruption. Shortly after the war we had an influx of 
what we called “carpet baggers”—-men who came here only for 
their own advantage, who had, nor never intended to have, any 
interest here ; but who came simply as commorants to prey upon 
the people ; who came simply seeking offices for the pay & bribery 
that they could get from them and who, as soon as they could 
not get office or make money by unfair means from us left the 
state or dropped into insignificance and who when they did get 
office used it to upturn all our civil and social relations and for 
their own advantage alone; fleecing our people at the rate of $500 
to $25,000.00 for the privilege of having any measure passed 
through the body of which they were members &c. I speak by 
authority in this for Judicial investigations have shown such to 
have been the case. 

It was my fortune to have been a member of the Legislature 
which authorized a part of these investigations. 

Such men as these we have always denounced and do still 
denounce. A few of our own men joined with them and they 
fleeced us well. I have yet to hear of a man who came to make 
this his home and to be one of our people—as I understand you 
to wish to do—being interfered with or interrupted in any way. 
We are always glad to welcome such among us. We have sev- 
eral northerners in our county who have come here and become 
citizens since the war. They always express their sentiments 
freely. The same is the case in the adjoining counties of Guilford 
& Orange. I know several prominent republicans among them. 
There was some trouble in this county & the adjoining county of 
Caswell in 1869-70, called the Ku Klux troubles—in which our 
Governor (Holden) attempted to put the military above the civil 


220 JAMES Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


authority, because, as he said, the civil law could not be enforced ; 
but, as we believe, for the purpose of compassing his political ends 
in that election—but they have long since died out and I think I 
can safely say there is no more quiet people upon the face of 
God’s universe than the people of this section. 

And now leaving politics, I will say for law that by the change of 
our constitution in 1868 the law, in this section at least, was nearly 
killed. We had the Old English Common law practice here before 
that, but now we have the New York system. It doubles the 
trouble for half the pay. We have 3 attornies in this county, but 
the business is so dull at present (owing partly to the panic) that 
we hardly make a living. In the cities it is better. Our village 
only numbers 502 and our county 11,871. I could hardly advise 
you to come to this section to practice law. I will give you the 
names of some attornies in other sections of the State, (with 
their politics) that you may write to them, if you desire, to get 
further information, viz: Hon W. N. H. Smith (dem) Raleigh 
N C; Hon A. S. Merriman (dem) Raleigh N C; Hon W. T. 
Dortch (dem) Goldsboro N. C.; W. T. Faircloth (Republican ) 
Goldsboro N. C.; H. R. Bryan Esq (dem) Newbern N. C. 
A. G. Hubbard (Rep) Newbern N. C.; Col Robt Strange (dem) 
Wilmington N. C.; Hon D. L. Russell (Rep) Wilmington N. C.; 
J. H. Wilson Esq (dem) Charlotte N.C. W. H. Bailey (rep) 
Charlotte N. C.; J. M. McCorkle (Rep) Salisbury N. C. J. S. 
Henderson (dem) Salisbury N. C.; W. S. Ball Esq (Rep & a 
northern man) Greensboro N. C.; Thos. B. Keogh (Rep & a 
northern man) Greensboro N. C., S. M Scott Esq (dem) 
Greensboro N. C. Jas. H. Merriman (dem) Asheville N. C. 
A.C. Avery (dem) Morganton N.C. C.S. Winstead Esq (Rep) 
Roxboro N.C. 

I will be glad to answer any other inquiries you desire to make, 
and I can assure you we desire new settlers, whether from the 
North or from foreign countries and are always glad to welcome 
them. I would refer you also to my brother & partner Maj. Jno. 
W. Graham of Hillsboro, Orange Co. N. C. He can give you a 


THE JAMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 221 


far better statement of the financial condition of N. C. than I 
can, as he has made it a special study. 
Very Respectfully Yours 
Jas. A. GRAHAM 


RICHMOND VA 
Aug 4, 83 
Dear Capt. 

Yours from Fort Hamilton rec’s. Your understanding of 
the battle of Reams Station Aug. 25, ’64, as expressed in your 
letter, agrees exactly with my knowledge, so far as I saw. 
McCrae’s, Cooke’s & Lane’s Brigades certainly took the works 
and I never heard that there was any later charge made by 
infantry that evening. Capt Evans’ letter mentions no date 
whatever, tho I take it he refers to the 25 Aug. fight. I hardly 
think reply necessary in this case but if you do, would suggest 
that you use Genl Lee’s telegram to the War Dept, which ought 
to settle the matter. Tis probable the Fayetteville Observer 
writer will set the matter straight. 

I will see Mr. Jones and may be able to get Heth’s and Hill’s 
reports of this battle. You may have heard Mahone claimed 
that he captured the guns taken that day; when Hill replied 
to him, that he had nine guns captured by so & so, and he 
would be glad if he would send those he, Mahone, had captured 
to his Hd Ors. 
I am always glad to hear from you and hope you will write 
whenever you have the inclination and can find the time. I 
_ think it likely John Sloan’s book will prove a very good one—& 
hope he will make something by it. I understand he gives the 
name, command, &c of every man from N. C, 
Your friend 

Jno. R. CooKE 

Capt. James A Graham, Graham N. C. 


Pade JAMES SPpRUNT HistToricAL STUDIES 


RICHMOND VA 
Sept 8, 83 
DEAR CaPT: 

I found no inaccuracies in your article & for’ded as recd. 
After my letter to you in reference to Reams Station fight, I 
found a report of Genl Wilcox in whose Division was Scales 
Brigade—& he says. “Lane’s & Cooke’s Brigades “were the 
first to cross the “enemy’s works’”—that “his loss on that day 
was less than “150” and of these Lane’s Brigade “lost 115, 
McGowan (not in “the charge) 22”, & therefore Scales who 
made such a gallant charge before the main charge &c &c must 
have necessarily lost less than 13—all told—big work at small 
cost. Capt. E’s account and Genl Wilcox differ throughout. 
Genl Lee in his Dispatch to the War Dept. written the next day 
after the battle states, “Cooke’s, Lane’s & McCrae’s Brigades 
composed the assualting column”, this ought to settle the fact as 
to what Brigade took the works. I would tell you a good deal 
about that fight, but this covers the question in dispute—if 
there is any further dispute, more can be said—I will write 
to John Sloan about this matter—calling his attention to it. 
I have found a letter from Col. Palmer, Genl Hill’s Adj. Genl 
and will send you some of these days a copy of what he said 
about our Brigade. Am always glad to hear from you. 

Your friend 
Jno. R. Cooke 
Capt. James A Graham 
Graham N. C. 


RicHMOND VA 
June 7, 84 
DEAR CaPT: 

I for’d your letter to Scales with some remarks. I hardly 
think we can be cheated out of the credit due us, as the battle 
of Friday, tho it is strange how men will write and state facts 
by guess. I enclose you an article from Phil. Times which states 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 223 


the fact that Cobb & Cooke defended the Stone wall. I had a 
statement by one of a party of visiting officers to the battle 
fields of Virginia corrected to the “Dispatch” a week or so 
since—When you meet any of the old Brigade tell them I still 
recall the memories of them, with the greatest pleasure. 
Your friend 
Jno R Cooke 





II 


THE ORANGE County Guarps, 1861-1865 
Company G. 27th Regiment, North Carolina Infantry, C. S. A. 


Copy of 
Descriptive Book 
of 
“Orange Guards” 
of 
Hillsboro N.C. 
Co:'G.27th'N: CG: Inky: 
commencing 
April 22d, 1862. 
In the Confederate Army 





A True Copy 


Jas. A. GRAHAM 
late Capt. Co. G. 


II 
THE ORANGE COUNTY GUARDS 


1 ENLISTED 
NAME RANK 


BY WHOM 


PERIOD 


1861 


NEC 














Capt 
Pride Jones 


Jos. C. Webb | Captain | Apl. 20 Hillsboro 3 years 
OccupaTION DeEscRIPTION 
AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION| HEIGHT 
Druggist 1835 
Dec. 4 Grey Light Fair 5 ft. 844in. 











Born in the County of Green, State of Alabama. 


REMARKS 

Entered service as lst Lt —Elected Capt. Aug. 17th 1861. On 
detached service at Raleigh N. C. from Aug. 3d 1862 to Sept. 
27 1862 to procure conscripts—Promoted to major Dec. 4th 
1862. Furlough May 26th 1863—20 days.—Sent to Hospital 
Nov. 27, 1863. Furlough from Gen. Hospital No. 4, Richmond 
Va. Dec. 16, 1863 for 30 days.—Furlough Feb. 11th 1864 for 
18 days.—Wounded severely in arm in battle of Wilderness Va. 
May 6th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough from Gen. Hos- 
pital No. 4 Richmond Va. June 4th 1864 for 60 days. Fur- 
lough extended Aug. 5th 1864—30 days—Sept. 5th for 30 days 
Oct. 5th for 15 days—Promoted to Lt. Col. Jan. 11th 1865— 
Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomat- 
tox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 





2 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
ia STATE OR| CO. OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE |BY WHOM| PERIOD | KINGDOM] TOWN 
Naswx. ||) lst 1861 N. C. Capt Nein Orange 
Whitted | Lieut. | Ap! 20th| Hillsboro | P. Jones| 3 yrs. | Carolina | Co. 
| ee OO oo 
BATTLES EN- 
DEscrRIPTION GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION| FT.| IN | OCCUPATION 
——<_ ——_ |—_——__|—__|—__|___—_——_ Harpers 
May 15 d Tobacco Ferry 
1836 Blue | Black | Fair 6 Manu- Sharpsburg 
facturer 


228 JAMES Sprunt Historical STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Entered service as 2d Lt. Jr.—Elected 1st Lt. Aug. 17 1861 
—Wounded in leg at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862 and taken 
prisoner—Exchanged and sent to Richmond Va, Nov 8, 1862— 
Furlough on account of wounds Nov 11 1862 for 60 days— 
Promoted to Capt Dec. 5 1862. Furlough extended to April 25 
1863. Resigned on account of wounds Apr. 25, 1863. 


















3 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN BY WHOM | PERIOD | KINGDOM 


Stephen} 2d 1861 Capt P. 
Dickson! Lieut | April 20} Hillsboro | Jones 






3 yrs. INGIG: 


DEscRIPTION 
TOWN OR COM- oc- BATTLES EN- 
COUNTY AGE EYES | HAIR | PLEXION | FT | CUPATION | GAGED IN 
April 9 Newhern— 


Orange Co | 1838 Grey | Dark | Florid 6 | Clerk Wilderness— 
Harpers Fer- 
ry—Spottsy]- 
vania C. H.— 
Bristol Sta- 
tion—Graves 
Farm 





REMARKS 


Entered service as Private—Elected 2d Lieut. Sr. July 5th 
1861—Detached on recruiting service 10 days from Apl. 25 1862 
—Promoted to Ist Lieut. Dec 5th 1862—Sick furlough Feb. 14 
1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 8th 1863—Promoted 
to Captain Apr. 25, 1863—-Wounded severely in right Lung at 
battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Furlough on ac- 
count of wounds from Gen. Hosp. No. 4 Richmond Va. Nov. 3d 
1863 for 60 days—Returned to duty Jan. 4 1864 Furlough March 
11th 1864 for 18 days. 

Sent to Hospital June 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. July 6th 1864 for 50 days Sick Furlough Oct 16th 
1864 for 20 days Placed on “retired List” on account of disability 


Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 229 


from wounds and ordered to report to Gen. Howell Cobb, comd. 
“Reserves of Georgia” as member of a military Court, Nov 2d 
1864. 


4 ENLISTED 









STATE OR 
KINGDOM 













NAME RANK WHEN BY WHOM | PERIOD 


James A.| 2d 1861 NAGY Capes 
Graham | Lt. Apl. 20th | Hillsboro | P. Jones 













3 yrs. No. Ca. 





DeEscriPTION 







TOWN OR 





COUNTY AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION 
July 7 ‘ i 
Hillsboro | 1841 Dark | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Student 








Batrites EncaAGep In 


Newberne—Sharpsburg—Wilderness—Fort Euliss—Harpers Ferry—Bristol 
Station—Hatcher’s Run—Mine Run—Southerland Tavern—April 9 1865. 


REMARKS 

Entered service as 4th Corpr’l. Appointed 4th Serg’t May 
8th 1861—Appointed orderly Sergt. July 19th 1861—appointed 
orderly Sergt July 19th 1861—Elected 2d Lieut Jr Aug 17th 
1861—Adjutant 27th No. Ca. Infy from Jany 13 1862 to June 
1st 1862: on attached service 10 days from Nov 10th to procure 
clothing for Regiment—Promoted to 2d Lieut Sr. Dec 5 1862— 
Actg Ordinance officer Cooke’s Brigade from Nov. 29th 1862 to 
Decr. 12, 1862—Sent to Richmond Va. sick Dec. 12 1862—Re- 
turned to duty Dec 19, 1862—-Promoted to Ist Lieut Apl 25 1863 
—Actg ord. off. Cooke’s Brigade from May Ist to May 25 1863— 
Furlough on account of sickness Sept. 3d 1863 for 18 days— 
Furlough extended 14 days. Returned to duty Oct 2d 1863— 
Wounded slightly in knee in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 
1863—Actg. Inspector Genl. of Cook’s Brigade from Jan 10th 
to Jany 29th 1864 Furlough Feby 10 1864 for 18 days—Actg 
Asst. Adj’t Genl. of Cooke’s Brigade Feby 28th 1864 to March 
11th 1864—Act’g Inspts. Genl. Cooke’s Brigade Apl. 23 to May 
25 1864—Wounded severely in thigh in battle of Wilderness Va. 


230 JAMES SpruNT HistToricAL STUDIES 


May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough from Gen. Hos- 
pital No 4 Richmand Va. May 11th 1864 for 60 days—Furlough 
extended July 12th 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended Aug 5 
1864 for 30 days—Actg A. D.C. to Brig. Genl Cooke Sept 12th 
to Oct 15th 1864—Sent to Raleigh N. C. Oct 17th/64 for 12 days 
to procure cloth for Cooke’s Brigade—Promoted to Captain Nov 
2d 1864 vice Capt Dickson retired. Surrendered with the “Army 
of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 








5 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
James E.| Ist. | 1861 |N.C. Capt. 
Williams | Sergt | Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones 

DEscRIPTION 
AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. | OCCUPATION 
June 24 : j 
1839 Grey Light | Fair 6 1 Grocer 




















BattLes ENGAGED IN 


Newberne—Pale Green Church—Bristol Station—Cold Harbor 2d—Wilderness 
Parl Farm—Graves Farm—Weldon R R—Spottsylvania C. H.—Reame’s 
tation. 


REMARKS 


Entered service as private—Appointed 2d July 19th 1861 
Appointed orderly Sergt. Aug 17, 1861.—Sick furlough from 
June 12, 1862 to July 1st 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond 
Va. Nov 18th 1862—Returned to duty Jany lst 1863—Sent to 
Hospital at Goldsboro, N. C. Feb. 18th 1863.—Sick furlough 
from Hospital March 6th 1863 Furlough extended 20 days from 
May 6th 1863—Returned to duty June 4th 1863. Sent to Hos- 
pital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Oct. 24, 1863—Returned to duty 
Dec. 8th 1863—Reduced to Ranks Aug 2d 1864—Wounded 
severely in battle near Reame’s Station Va. Aug. 25, 1864—Died 
in Hospital at Petersburg Va. Sept. 3, 1864 of wounds rec'd. 
Aug 25th Inventory of final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor 
of Treasury Noy. 23d/1864 wages due him $92.60 due C. S $3.50 
for clothes were drawn. 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 231 


6 ENLISTED 

STATE OR |TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
SidneyM.} 3d 1861 |N.C. Capt. Chatham 


Ivey Serg’t | Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones |3 yrs | No. Ca. | Co. 





BATTLES IN 





DEscrIPTIVE ENGAGED 
AGE EYES | HAIR | coMPLExION | Fr. | IN. | occupation | Newberne 
—_ .._ | |__|] |---| Bristol Sta- 
Apl 29 Harness tion— 
1840 Hazel | Black] Fair 5 | 10 | Maker Hatcher’s 
REMARKS 


Entered service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 19, 1861 
—Appointed 3d Serg’t July 24th 1861—Left sick at Richmond 
Va. Aug 26th 1862—Sick furlough from Hospital at Richmond 
Va. Oct. 4th 1862 for 40 days—Furlough extended to Jan. 12th 
1863—Returned to duty Jan 13th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bris- 
tol Station Va. Oct 14 1863.—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. 
Oct. 14, 1864—Exchanged Dec Ist 1864—Returned to duty Dec 
25th 1864 having been on furlough from Parole Camp—Sent to 
hospital March 29th 1865—was appointed O. S. Aug. 6th 1864. 











7 ENLISTED 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM] PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Thomas B.} 3d 1861 |N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
Whitted | Serg’t| Apl. 20] Hillsboro] P. Jones | yrs. No. Ca. | Co. 

DEscrIPTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION 
Apl. 5 
1838 Grey | Light | Dark 5 11 | Clerk 





Battries Encacep In 





Newberne — Wilderness — Fredericksburg — Mine Run — Bristol Station — 
Harpers Ferry. 





232 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Entered service as 3d Corporal—Appointed 4th Serg’t July 
19th 1861—3d Serg’t Aug 17th 1861—Detached on Recruiting 
Service Jan 28th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough Feb. 23 1864 for 
18 days—Furlough March 30 1864 for 30 days having furnished 
a remit agreeably with the requirements of Gen Order No 1 Hd 
Ors. army of No. Va.—Wounded severely in face in battle of 
Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed 
from Hospital at Richmond Va. May 19th 1864 for 60 days— 
Furlough extended July 12th 1864 for 30 days—Detailed on 
Light duty in Q. M. Dept. at Hillsboro N. C. by Special order 
No, 221 Adj G’s office Richmond Va. Sept 17th 1864—Detail 
extended by certificate of medical Examining Board Oct 14 30 
days Nov 14 30 days—Reduced to ranks Nov. 15th 1864 Detail 
extended Dec. 17th 1864 for 60 days—Feby 16 30 days. 


8 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME | RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM| PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Olin F.| 4th | 1861 Nic: Cap 3 No. | Orange 

Hatch | Sergt | Ap! 20th | Hillsboro} P. ee yrs Carolina | County 
DEscRIPTION 

AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN | OCCUPATION 

Sept 11 

1839 Grey Dark Dark 5 6 Carpenter 


BatrLes EnGAcepD In 


Newberne — Wilderness — Fredericksburg — Mine Run — Bristol Station 
— Weldon R. R. — Fort Euliss. 


REMARKS 


Entered service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 19th 
1861—Appointed 4th Sergt. Feb. 10th 1862—Left sick at Peters- 
burg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty—Dec 9 1862—Fur- 
lough May 3d 1863 for 16 days—Wounded in leg in battle of 
Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 255 


60 days—Returned to duty Aug. 1864—Sent to Hospital at 
Petersburg Va. Sept 26 1864—Furlough from Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. Nov. 28th 1864 for 60 days—Reported at Hospital at 
Greensboro N. C. for treatment at expiration of his furlough— 
Returned to duty March 8th 1865—Taken prisoner near Hatch- 
er’s Run Va. April 2 1865— 





9 ENLISTED Wuere Born 


STATE OR| TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM| coUNTY 
Thos. C. 5 186 N. C. Cape ess 
Carmichael | Serg’t} Apl ‘20th Hillsboro| Jones yrs.| No. Ca. | Hillsbor 


Batr_es En- 
DEscRIPTION GAGED In 




















AGE | EYEs | HaIR | comPLEXION | Fr.| 1N.| Occupation | Newberne— 

Seman P< TANI a a lt ee els erry: 

1841 | Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8%] Clerk —Sharpsburg— 
REMARKS 


Entered service as 4th Serg’t——Reduced to ranks May 8th 
1861—Appointed 5th Serg’t Feb. 1st 1862—Wounded severely 
in leg at Sharpsburg Md—Sept 17 1862—Died of his wounds 
Sept. 19th 1862—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 
Adj’t Genl. Office at Richmond Va. Jan. 31st 1863. 











10 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 

John F. Ist 1861 NAC | Capt 3 Orange 


Thompson| Corp’! | Apl 20 Hillsboro] P. Totes yrs.| No. Ca. | Co. 


Barries En- 





DESCRIPTION GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN. | occupation | Newberne— 
—_— |__| —_ | |_| April 9th 1865 
Sept 14 } Fort Euliss— 
1840 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer Southerland’s 


Tavern 





234 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Entered service as Private—Appointed Corp’l. July 24th 1861 
—Appointed 5th Serg’t Sept. 19th 1862—Sent to Hospital at 
Richmond Va. Nov. 15th 1862—Furlough from Hospital Nov. 
26th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec. 25 1862 for 48 
days—Extended again Feb. 28th 1863 for 20 days—extended 
again March 23d 1863 for 20 days—Returned to duty Apl 30 
1863—Detailed as Company Commissary May Ist 1863—Sent 
sick to Richmond Va. Sept. 26 1863 Sent to Hillsboro, N. C. Oct 
5th 1863—ordered to Hospital No. 8 Raleigh N. C. by medical 
examining Board Jany lst 1864. 

Detailed for light duty in Gen. Hosp. No. 8 Raleigh N. C. 
Apl. 14th 1864 by Special Order No. 103 Hd Or at Va. 30 days— 
Detail extended June 9th 30 days—July 13 30 days—Reduced to 
Ranks Aug Ist 1864—Aug 5th/64 30 days—Returned to duty 
Dec. 20 1864 Wounded in head in battle near Southerland’s 
Tavern Va. April 2d 1865.—Surrendered with the army of 
Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va April 9th 1865. 








11 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM|PERIOD | KINGDOM | COUNTY 


J. Sidney | 2d 1861 | N.C. CaprrPenles 
Hayes Corp’! | Ap! 20] Hillsboro} Jones yrs. |Tennessee|Knoxville 


Batries En- 























DEscrRIPTION GAGED In 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN |] occUPATION 
aa | eee Newberne 
1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 814| Printer 
REMARKS 


Entered Service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 24 
1861—Transferred to Co. “E” 3d Tenn. Regt. Aug. 8th 1862 by 
Special Order No 134—Adg’t. and Inspector Genl’s Office. 


_ AGE EYES 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 235 

















12 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Hugh P.| 3 LQGien NEC) leapt 3 Orange 
Woods | Corp’! | May | Ft. P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 
14th Macon 
BatrLes En- 
DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Newberne— 
(ae a Fredericksburg 
Jany 15} Grey f —Harpers 
1840 Light} Dark 5 | 814| Farmer Ferry—Bristol 
Station— 
Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Entered Service as private—Appointed Corporal Aug. 17 
1861 Detached on recruiting service for 10 days from Apl. 25 
1862—Detached on guard to arrest deserters from May 11th to 
May 29 1863.—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 
1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor 


_ of the Treasury Dec 10 1863. 








13 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
D. Thos. | 4th 1861 NEG. 3 ORANGE 
Gordon | Corp’l!| June | Ft. P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
18th Macon 
Battces En- 
DESCRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN 


HAIR 


Light 


COMPLEXION FT 


5 


IN 

















Dark 7 | Brick Mason! Newberne 


Grey 


REMARKS 


Entered service as private—Appointed Corporal Feb 10th 
1862—Discharged under Conscript Act. July 5th 1862 being over 
35 years of age—Discharged and Final Statement given. 


236 James SprunT Historicat STUDIES 





14 ENLISTED Wuere Born 


STATE OR TOWN OR 
NAME RANK WHEN WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM COUNTY 


Wm. W. 1861 | NC Capt 
Anderson |Private |Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones |years 



















Batrties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 


HAIR COMPLEXION FT. | IN 


Black} Florid At 


AGE EYES 


Blk 























Newberne 





Carpenter 





1839 


REMARKS 
Entered service as 3d Sergt—Reduced to ranks at his own 
request July 24 1861. Discharged for disability Apl. 30 1862— 
Discharge and Final Statement given— 


15 ENLISTED 

STATE OR| TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM . | KINGDOM| couNTY 
Jehu LSGU SINAC: Capt Orange 


Boggs Private|Apl20th} Hillsboro | P. Jones No. Ca. | Co 





DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 





Jan 3 Newberne 
1844 Grey | Dark | Drk 914| Farmer April 9th 1865 





REMARKS 

Furlough on account of sickness from Richmond Va. June 
4th 1862 for 30 days. Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec. 28 
1862—Returned to duty Jany 7 1863—Sent to Hospital at 
Petersburg Va. Jan. 11th 1863—Returned to duty June 19th 
1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor 
Richmond Va. Oct 10 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich. 
Va. Oct 22/64 30 days—Returned to duty Jany 10 1865—having 
been in Hospital at Greensboro N. C. after the expiration of his 
furlough—Detailed as Brigade Ambulance Serg’t. Jany. 24 1865 
—Surrendered with the army of northern Va. at Appomattox 
C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 


| 
| 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 Za7, 

















16 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. KINGDOM| COUNTY 
mG. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange 
Borland | Pri. Apl. 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 





Batt_es En- 




















DeEscrIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 
1834 Blk | Blk | Drk 5 |1114| Farmer Newberne 
REMARKS 


Furnished John Mowatt as Substitute July 15th 1862. 

















17 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Asa 1862 | N.C. eGo Lures Orange 
Brown Pri. |Mar. 3d} Hillsboro | rentine | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co 

















Bartrties En- 




















DEscrIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN i 
———|——__|—_______|__|—__| Brick 
1838 Hazel] Light | Drk 5 | 10 | Mason 
REMARKS 


Left Sick at Petersburg, Va. Aug 20th 1862—Returned to 
duty Oct. 5 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov 26th 
1862—Died in Hospital No. 9 Richmond Va. Nov 28 1862— 
Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adj’t Genl’s Office 
Mar. 2d 1863. 


238 JAMES SpruNT HistToricAL STUDIES 





18 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 













NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
James M.| Nic: Capt 3 Caswell 
Browning} Pri. June | Ft. P. Jones | yrs_ | No. Ca. | Co. 


18 Macon 





Batties En- 
DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne— 
| |] >| | Bristol Station 
Grey | Light | Fair 1114| Farmer 

















REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Winchester Va. Oct. 17th 1862 Returned 
to duty Dec. 22 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 
28th 1862—Returned to duty March 4th 1863—Taken prisoner 
at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Died, while in prison in 
the hand of the enemy, at Pt. Lookout, Maryland. 









19 * ENLISTED WueEreE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOMIPD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 


Will H. H. 1861 NaC: Capt 3 Orange 


Borroughs | Private|Junel8th| Ft. Macon| P. Jones lyrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 





Battes En- 







DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
Newberne— 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Fredericksburg 
| | | | —April 9, 1865 





Aug. 3d 
1841 


Bristol Station 


Hazel] Light | Fair 





REMARKS 


On detached Service at Raleigh N. C. from July 25, 1862 to 
Sept. 20th 1862 to procure conscripts for Reg’t—Appointed 
Corp’l. Sept. 19 1862—Appointed Bass Drummer for Regimental 
Board Noy. Ist 1863—Furlough Jan 30th 1864 for 18 days— 
Furloughed Jan. 1, 1865 for 18 days—Surrendered with the 
“Army of Northern Virginia” near Appomattox C. H. Va. April 
9th 1865. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 239 


20 ENLISTED WHERE BORN 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

William H. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 


Campbell | Private) Ap! | Hillsboro | P. Jones] yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
20 





DEscrIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES ] HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 
Dec 4 
1843 Hazel} Light | Dark 5 | 1134 | Farmer 


BattLes ENGAGED IN 
Newberne—Fredericksburg—Harpers—Bristol Station—Sharpsburg 


REMARKS 


Appointed Color Bearer July 1st 1862—Furlough Jan 28 
1863 for 8 days Reduced to Ranks by order of Col. Gilmer April 
17 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 
Inventory and final Statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of the 
Treasury Dec. 10 1863.— 


21 ENLISTED WueEre Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
William URS | ie (ee Capt 3 Orange 
T. Cape | Private] May 7| Fort P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
Macon 


Batrtes En- 





DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
| A] | He never Smelt 
Nov 8 Gun powder 
1839 Hazel| Light | Fair 5 | 944) Carpenter 











REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 12th 1862—Returned 
to duty Feb. 10th 1863—Detailed as Pioneer for Brigade Oct. 
8th 1863 Returned to the Co. Oct. 24 1863—Sent to Hospital 
Nov. 11th 1863—Furlough from Camp Winder Hospital Dec. 


240 JAMES SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 


18th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jan. 23d 1864—Sent 
to Hospital April 11th 1864—Returned to duty Nov. 12—1864 
having been detailed on light duty at Hugenot Springs Va. Since 
May 1864 Furlough Feb. 4th 1865 for 18 days—Deserted to the 
enemy Feb. 28, 1865— 


22 ENLISTED WuHeErE Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Robt. H. 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange 


Cheek Private] May 7 |Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 


Battes En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Nov. 8 Newberne 
1839 Blue | Light | Fair 5 |1014| Carpenter 
REMARKS 


Sick furlough for 20 days from June 20th 1862—Absent 
without leave from August lst 1862 to Jan 1st 1863 Returned 
to duty Jan 3d 1863—Sent to Hospital Oct. 12th 1863—Returned 
to duty Nov 17 1863—Furlough Feb. 3, 1863 for 18 days— 
Sent to Hospital April 22d 1864— 












23 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| P D_ | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Fred P. 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange 
Clark Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. | No. Ca. 0. 

} 18 

DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION 
AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 





Apl 3 
1843 





Grey Fair 





BattLes Encacep In 


Newberne—Wilderness—Harpers Ferry—Spottsylvania C. H.—Pale Green 
Church—Gary’s Farm—Sharpsburg—Grave’s Farm—Bristol Station—Cold 
Harbor. 





THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 241 


REMARKS 

Wounded in thigh at Sharpsburg Md.—Sept. 17 1862—Fur- 
loughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct 23d 1862 
for 30 days—Furlough extended to Jan 29th 1863 when he re- 
turned to duty—Wounded slightly in foot at Bristol Station Va. 
Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Dec 9 1863 
—Furlough Feby 19-1864 for 18 days—Wounded in arm in 
Battle at Garys Farm Va. June 15 1864—Sent to Hospital fur- 
loughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. June 17th 1864 for 60 
days— 

Detached in A. M. Dept. at Graham N. C. Sept. 28, 1864 by 
order A. and I. G.—Detail extended Oct 7 1864 30 days—Dec 
30th 30 days—Jan. 17 1865 30 days—Feb. 16th 30 days Re- 
turned to duty March 4th 1865. Detail renewed by special Order 
No. 63 A and I. G. office, March 17th 1865— 























24 . ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
John K. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange 
Clark Private|May 7 | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
Battes En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPAaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 
SS SS SS Se Newberne— 
1837 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Bristol Station 
REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20 1862—Furlough from 
Hospital at Petersburg Sept. 27th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough 
extended to Feb. 10th 1863—When he rejoined the Reg’t.— 
Wounded severely in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 
14th 1863—Died of wounds in Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 
2d 1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d Au- 
ditor of the Treasury Nov. 17th 1863— 


242 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 
25 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR| TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN |WHE RE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM| COUNTY 

Chas. S. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 

Cooley _! Private] Apl. 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
DEscrIPTION Occupation 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION .| IN. 


1839 Grey | Light | Fair 1114%4| Cabinet Maker 





Batr_Les Encacep In 


e Newberne—Mine Run—Harpers Ferry—Fort Euliss—Sharpsburg—Bristol 
tation. 





REMARKS 


Furlough from Hospital No. 7 Richmond Va. Nov 7th 1862— 
for 30 days Returned to duty Jany 3d 1863—Wounded slightly 
in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md—Sept 17th 1862—Wounded 
slightly in hand in Battle of Bristol Station Oct. 14th 1863—Fur- 
lough Feb. 13th, 1864 for 18 days—Detached on duty with 
Capt. White A. Q. M. in Charlotte C. H. Va. Oct 20th/64— 
Sent to Hospital May 4th/64 Returned to duty July /64—Taken 
prisoner near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 2d 1865. 





26 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
James L. ; 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange 
Cooley Pri. Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. |! No. Ca. | Co. 
DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION 







EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 











Blue | Light | Fair Harness Maker 


Batt.tes ENGAGED IN 


Newberne—Mine Run—Pale Green Church—Harpers Ferry—Grave’s Farm 
Cold Harbor—Sharpsburg—Spottsylvania C. H—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station 
—Fort Euliss—Weldon R. R.—Wilderness—Reame’s Station—Hatcher’s Run. 





—— 


Pt eo 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 243 


REMARKS 

Taken prisoner at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Ex- 
changed and sent to Richmond Va. Oct. Ist 1862—Furlough 
from Hospital No. 8. Richt Va. Oct 9th 1862 for 30 days: 
furlough extended to Dec. 7th 1862—Returned to duty Jan 3d 
1863—Furlough Feb. 4th 1864 for 18 days—-Appointed Cor- 
‘poral Sept. 1st 1864—Furlough Jan. 20th 1865 for 18 days— 
‘Taken prisoner near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 2d 1865. 
























PAY ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
‘NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
‘Geo. W. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 
iCopley | Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. 0. 





Ist. 





Battes En- 











DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED In 
Newberne— 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Harper’s Ferry 
—!-_I_—_$ . a _e@q  i_|——_)|—}———_| —Sharpsburg 
Mar 3 —Bristol 








Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 814] Grocer Station 





REMARKS 
Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Paroled 
and sent to Richmond Feb 1865. 





28 ENLISTED Wuere Born 


STATE OR | TOWN OR 
BY WHOM/PERIOD} KINGDOM | COUNTY 


William A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 
Crabtree | Private] Apl | Hillsboro | P. Jones |year s| No. Ca. | Hillsboro 
20 







NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE 


Batt_es En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN 
Pale Green 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Church—Cold 
S| | | Harbor— 
Jan 3 Coach Gary’s Farm— 


1836 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 844) Maker Hatchers Run 





244 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Stanton Va. Oct. 24 1862—Returned to 
duty Dec 14th 1862—Detailed as Hostler Dec. 25th 1862— 
Furlough Jan 8th 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital Aug 20th 
1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. Aug 27th 
1864 for 30 days—Deserted to the enemy February 28th, 1865. 





29 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 


NAME RANK WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 


Roderic 1861 NC Capt 3 Pitts- 
C. Davis | Private] June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones jyears | No. Ca. | boro 
18 


BatTrt_es En- 

















DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Bristol Station 
PPLE | SEIU) ALPS OT eee SR UTA ad PEE Wilderness 
Apl 20 X i Mine Run 
Grey | Light! Fair Clerk 








REMARKS 


Discharged by order of Maj. Gen’l. T. H. Holme’s June 
13th 1862 Conscribed and sent back to this Co. July 14 1863— 
Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Dec. 1st, 1863—Returned 
to duty Dec 22 1863 Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Dec 
28 1863—Returned to duty Feb. 3d 1864—Killed in battle of 
Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864—Inventory and final statement 
forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64—Wages due 
him from Oct. 31st /63 to day of his death $87.06. 


THE JAMEes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 245 


30 y ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 


Martin 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 
Delamy | Private} May | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | years | 
Ist 





Batres En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
| | A. — |  — Wilderness 
Hazel] Black | Drk 5 |1014| Hostler 




















REMARKS 


Detailed as Ambulance Driver Nov 12 1862—Furlough 
Dec 18 1863 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. 
Feby 24 1864 Returned to duty March 7 1864—Returned to 
ranks April 15 1864 Wounded severely in arm in Battle of 
Wilderness Va. May 5 1864 and sent to Hopital—Died of 
wounds in Hospital at Lynchburg Va. May 29 1864— 





31 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

_| STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Saml. A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 


Dickson | Private] Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 


Batries En- 




















DEscrIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
Jany 5 Newberne 
1839 Grey | Blk. | Dark 5 11144) Clerk April 9 1865 
REMARKS 


Appointed Corporal July 15th 1862—Appointed Musician 
July 28 1862—Furlough Feb 7 1863 for 18 days—Furlough 
Jany 30 1864 for 18 days—Furlough Jan’y. Ist 1865 for 18 
days—Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at 
Appomattox C. H. Va. Apl. 9th 1865. 


246 James SpruntT Historicat STUDIES 








32 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
George M.| 1861 | NC Le. Gol. 3 Orange 
Dorothy | Private} Aug. | Ft. Macon] John yrs No. Ga. || Co. 
31 Sloan 
Batties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne 
On Bristol Station 
Jany 15 : Wilderness 
1837 Grey | Light | Drk 6. | 4% | Farmer 
REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 18th 1862—Re- 
turned to duty Jany 14 1863—Furlough May 26 1863 for 12 
days—Wounded slightly in knee in battle of Bristol Station Va. 
Oct. 14th 1863—Wounded in face in battle of Wilderness Va- 
May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Hospital 
at Lynchburg Va. Jun 1st for 60 days Extended Aug 29 /64 
30 days—Returned to duty Dec 7th 1864— 





33 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Timothy 186 | NC Capt 3 Orange 
Cc. 


Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones} yrs | No. Ca. | Co. 
Dunnagan 12 


Batties En- 

















DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1840 Grey | Dark | Dark 6 Ee Farmer Newberne 
REMARKS 


Left sick near Manassa’s Junction Va. Sept. 4 1862—Died 
in Hospital at Winchester Va. Oct. 27th 1862—Inventory and 
Final Statement forwarded to Adj’t Gen’l’s Office Richmond Va, 
Mar 2d 1863. 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 247 






34 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

E. Strud- 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 

wick Private] July | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 

Faucette 31 

DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 





Aug 14 
1842 














Grey | Light | Fair 9 | Farmer 





BattLes EncAcepD In 


Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Gary’s Farm—Fredericksburg—Grave’s 
Farm—Yellow Tavern—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Wilderness— 
Cold Harbor 


REMARKS 

Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty 
Sept 20th 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 27 
1862—Returned to duty Jan 25 1863—Furlough Sept. 20 1863 
for 12 days—Wounded in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. 
Oct 14 1863 and taken by the enemy, but left by them in their 
flight—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va.—Furloughed on ac- 
count of wounds from Camp Windsor Hospital Richmond Va. 
Nov 14 1863 for 30 days. Furlough extended Dec 17 1863 for 
30, days—Returned to duty Jan 24 1864.—Killed in Battle of 
Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864. Inventory and final State- 
ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov 22d 1864, 
wages due him from Dec 31/63 $102.70 Due C. S. $10. for 
clothing. 


248 JaMEs SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 





35 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAMES RANK | WHEN] WHERE | BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
James N. 1861 | NC Col. 3 
Faucett | Private) Aug | Ft. Macon] Mos. J. | yrs. |Tennessee] Memphis 

4th hite 

DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 





Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 834! Clerk 


Battr.Les EncaAcep In 


Newberne—Fort Euliss—Harpers Ferry—April 9 1865—Sharpsburg—Bris- 
tol Station 





REMARKS 


Wounded in leg in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 
1862 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on account of wounds 
from Gen. Hospital No 17 Richmond Va. Oct 6 1862 for 35 
days—Furlough extended to Jan Ist /63 when he returned 
to duty—Taken Prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863— 
Paroled and sent to Richmond Feb. 14 1865—Furloughed from 
Camp Lee Richmond Va. Feb 18th for 30 days—Returned to 
duty March 23 1865 having been exchanged March 5th 1865— 
Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomat- 
tox C. H. Va. Apl. 9 1865. 


36 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Thos. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 


Faucette | Private|Apl 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 


Batres En- 
DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 


AGE EYES | HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN 





1843 Blk | Blk | D’rk. 5 | 74%l Shoe Maker | Newberne 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 249 
REMARKS 


Sent to Jordan Springs Hospital near Winchester Va. Sept. 
23d 1862 Furloughed from Stanton Va. Oct. 23d 1862 for 30 
days—Furlough extended to Jan. 3d 1863 when he returned to 
duty—Transferred to Capt. J. W. Latta’s 60—Wright’s Bat- 
talion May 29th 1863—in exchange for Albert J. Forrest. 





37 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

William A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 

Faucette | Private] June | Fort P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 

18 Macon 
DeEscriIPTION OccuPaTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr | IN 
Dec 18 Red- 





1838 Grey | dish | Florid 


Batries Encacep In 


Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Gary’s Farm—Fredericksburg—Grave’s 
Farm—Weldon R. R.—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Ream’s Station 
—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Hatchers Run—Ft. Euliss—Sutherland’s Tavern 
—April 9th 1865 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty 
Sept. 27 1862 Furlough Aug 20th 1863 for 12 days—Detailed 
on Regimental Ambulance Corps from Dec. 8th 1863 to Feb 3 
1864—Furloughed Nov. 5 1864 for 18 days—Surrendered with 
the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 
9th 1865— 


250 James SprRuNT HistToricaAL STUDIES 








38 ENLIsTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Jasper 1861 N.C Capt 3 Orange 
Haley | Private| June 18] Ft. Macon] P. Jones| yrs. '! No. Ca. | Co. 


Batties En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
Newberne— 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Bristol Station 
| | | | —Harper’s 
Jun 15 Ferry— 
1843 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 844| Carpenter | Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Furlough May 28 1863 for 12 days—Wounded in hand in 
Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—and sent to Hos- 
pital at Richmond Va.—Furloughed from Camp Winder Hos- 
pital Oct. 30th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Nov. 
30th for 30 days—Returned to duty Jan. 3d 1864—Detached on 
Provost Guard at Stanton Va. by Gen. Order No. 69 Hd. Ors 
A. N. Va. being unfit for field Service—Ordered back to the Co. 
by Special Order No. 95 in Va April 6th 1864 for assignment 
to light duty with the Brigade—Detailed as Clerk at Brigade 
Hd Ors by Special Order No.—Hd Ors Cook’s Brigade April 
30, 1864—Detailed as Forage Master for Cooke’s Brigade Oct. 
20th 1864— 















39 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Thos. J. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange 
Hall Private] May 14| Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. |! No. Ca. | Co. 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION IN 





Grey | Black] Dr’k 11144| Farmer 





Batries Encacep In 


Newberne—Bristol Station—Harper’s Ferry—Hatcher’s Run—Sharpsburg 
—Fort Euliss—Fredericksburg—Southerland’s Tavern 





THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 251 


REMARKS 

Wounded slightly in shoulder at Sharpsburg Md. Sept, 17, 
1862 Promoted to Corporal Sept. 17th 1862 for bravery and 
good conduct in Battle of Sharpsburg. Furlough Feb. 5 1863 
for 16 days—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14, 
1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. Sept. 23 1864—Ex- 
changed Dec. lst 1864—Returned to duty Dec 20th 1864 hav- 
ing been on furlough from “Parole Camp’”—Taken prisoner 
near Farmville Va. April 7th 1865 in an engagement with 
Sheridan’s Cavalry.— 


40 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 








NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE 


BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
William H. 1861 | NC et Colniii3 Orange 
Hall Private] Sept | Ft. Macon] John VeSulNos Cav |Gor 


Ist Sloan 





Barres En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTIONn | GAGED IN 








. | IN Newberne 













AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 
|| | ——] — Fredericksburg 
Oct 10 Mine Run 





Grey | Light | Fair 1144! Farmer 





REMARKS 


Detached in Guard to arrest deserters from May 11th to 
May 29 1863—Furloughed June 19 1863 for 12 days—Fur- 
loughed Feb 16th 1864 for 30 days having furnished a recruit 
in the Army of Northern Virginia—Reported at Gen. Hospital 
No. 7 Raleigh N. C. for treatment at the expiration of his fur- 
lough—Died at his home in Orange Co. N. C. July 28 1864— 
Disease Consumption—Inventory and final Statement for- 
warded to 2d auditor of Treasury—wages due him from—to 
day of his death $76.26. 


252 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 








41 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
John E. , 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange 
Hanner | Private| May 14| Ft. Macon] P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 

















Dr’k | Fair 5 


814| Farmer 


BatTLes EnGAGED IN 
Newberne—Hatcher’s Run—Bristol Station—Fort Euliss—Weldon R. R 


Ream’s Station 





REMARKS 

Furlough May 3d 1863 for 16 days Wounded and taken 
prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Paroled and sent 
to Richmond Va. May Ist 1864 Furloughed from Richmond 
Va. May 1864 for 30 days—exchanged and returned to duty 
July 3d 1864—Wounded slightly in shoulder at battle of Yel- 
low Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864—Taken prisoner near Hatchers 
Run Va. April 2d 1865.— 





42 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Jas. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange 


Alex Private] Apl. 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 





Batt_es En- 
DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
















AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 
Oct 19 Newberne 
1841 |Grey | Light |Fair 10 | Shoe Maker | Sharpsburg— 








REMARKS 
Wounded slightly in face at battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 
19 1862 Furloughed on account of wounds from Gen. Hos- 
pital No. 18. Richmond Va. Oct 5th 1862 for 20 days—Detailed 


Tue JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 253 


in Regimental Shoe Shop from Dec. 20 1862 to Feb. 1st 1863— 
Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C.—Feb. 20th 1863—Died in 
Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. March 4th 1863—Inventory and 
final Statement forwarded to Adj’t’s Gen’l’s office Richmond 
Va. March 13 1863— 





43 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
John T. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange ”° 
Hill Private} Apl 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 

DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Oct 11 
1838 Blue | Black! Dark 5 11044} Coach Maker 

















BatTLes Encacep In 


Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Mine 
Run—Gary’s Farm—Graves Farm—Hatcher’s Run—Spottsylvania C. H.— 
Fort Euliss— 


REMARKS 

Appointed Corporal July 19 1861—Appointed 4th Serg’t. 
Aug. 17 1861—Reduced to ranks at his own request Feb. 10th 
1862—Sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20, 1862—Returned to duty 
Nov. 5th 1862—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N C Feb. 16, 
1863—Returned to duty March 18th 1863—Sent to Hospital at 
Gordonsville Va. Oct 11 1863—Returned to duty Nov 5 1863— 
Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Mar 14 1864—Returned 
to duty March 20 1864—Furlough March 25 1864 for 18 days— 
Sent to Hospital 1864—Returned to duty Oct. 30/64—Fur- 
loughed Nov. 20 1864 for 12 days by Secretary of war— 
Wounded slightly in thigh near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 1st 
1865—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2, 1865. 


254 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcAL STUDIES 























44 ENLISTED WueErE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Benjamin} 1861 | NC Capt 3 Henrico 
F. Private] Ap] 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | Virginia | Co. 
Holloway 
Batries En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
1831 Hazel] Black] Dark 5 10 | Black Smith| Newberne 
REMARKS 


Entered Service as Corporal—Reduced to ranks at his own 
request July 24 1861—Detached in Government Armory Rich- 
mond Va. Mar. 26th 1862—Discharged June 30th 1862 by 
order of Col. John R. Cooke—Page 40. No. 144— 





45 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Samuel T. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Henrico 


Holloway ! Private|Ap! 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | Virginia | Co. 


Batties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 


HAIR | COMPLEXION 


Light | Dark 414] Black Smith | Newberne 






AGE EYES 


Grey 

















1835 





REMARKS 


Detached in Government Armory Richmond Va. March 
24/62 Discharged June 30th 1862 by order of Col. John R. 
Cooke— 


Tue JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 255 


























46 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
William J. : 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 
Hopkins | Private}Apl 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. Oo. 
Barres En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne 
a | | | Harper’s Ferry 
1842 Grey | Dark | Dark (Sal Farmer Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862—Inven- 
tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adg’t. Genls office Rich- 
mond Va. Janry 31st 1863— 














47 ENLISTED WueEreE Born 

¢ STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM| COUNTY 
John 1862 NC Mol(Ge 3 Orange 
Isard Private} Mar 3d | Hillsboro | Turren- | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 


tine 






Batties En- 
DeEscRIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED In 


AGE | EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 











Grey | Light | Dark Shoe Maker 





REMARKS 
Detached in Government Shoe Factory at Danville Va. Nov. 
18 1862 Returned to duty with the Co. March 5th 1864—Dis- 
charged for disability March 12th 1864—by order of Genl. R. E. 
Lee—Discharged and Final Statement given— 


256 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 














48 ENLISTED WHERE Born 


STATE OR | TOWN OR 
BY WHOM| PD. KINGDOM | COUNTY 





Orange 
0. 





Jackson. Private| June 28 | Ft. Macon| J. White yrs. | No. Ca. 


Batrt_es En- 














DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Newberne 
_—_ | | — |_| Dagnerrian eer 
1839 | Hazel| BI’k. | Dark 8141 Artist Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17 1862—Inventory 
and final Statement forwarded to Adg’t. Genl’s office Richmond 
Va. Jany. 31st 1863— 








49 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Benjamin 1861 | NC Capt 3 Chatham 
J. Johnson} Private] June | Fort P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | (Go: 

18 Macon 

DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
Oct 23 : i 
1837 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1144| Farmer 

















Barres Encacep In 
Grave’s Farm—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Wilderness—Spott- 
sylvania C. H.—Cold Harbor—Fredericksburg—Gary’s Farm—Hatchers Run 
—Weldon R. R—Ft. Euliss—Ream’s Station 





REMARKS 


Detached on Regimental Ambulance Corps Jany 15 1863— 
Furloughed May 7th 1863 for 16 days—Sent to Hospital at Cul- 
pepper C. H. Va. Nov. Ist 1863 Returned to duty Nov 25th 1863 
—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Dec 1 1863—Furloughed 
from Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 28 1863 for 30 days—Re- 
turned to duty Jany 29 1864—Furlough Dec 22 1864 for 18 days 
—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2d 1865— 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 257 





50 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
William ; 1861 | NC. Col. M. | 3 Orange 
Lipscomb] Private] Aug 4 | Ft. Macon| J. White} yrs ! No Ca. | Co. 


BatrT_Les En- 

















DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT| IN 
Dec Ist } 
1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer Newberne 
REMARKS 


Sick Furlough Oct 29 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended 
Dec 2d 1862 for 40 days—Extended again Jany 12 1863 
for 60 days—FExtended again March 10 1863 for 60 days— 
Ordered back by Capt. Dickson Apl 4 1863—Returned to duty 
Apl. 10th 1863—Furnished Wilson Brown as substitute May 
26th 1863— 





51 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Henry C. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
McCauley | Private|Apl 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 


Batt es En- 




















DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1826 Grey | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Newberne 
REMARKS 


Discharged under Conscript Act, July 16th 1862—being over 
35 years of age—Discharge and final Statement given— 


258 JAMeEs Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 








Sp) ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

William H. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange 


McCauley | Private] Apl. | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 
20 





Bates En- 














DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 
| | | Newberne 
Nov 12 f Fredericksburg 
1843 Blue | Light | Florid 5 |1014| Farmer Bristol Station 
REMARKS 


Left at Richmond Va. Aug 26 1862—Returned to duty Sept. 
27 1862 Detached as Teamster at Magnolia N. C. Jan. 27th 
1863 by order of Maj. Genl. French. Returned to the company 
May 10 1863—Furlough May 16th 1863 for 7 days—Furlough 
extended on account of sickness May 23d 1863—for 30 days— 
Returned to company June 29th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Took the “Oath of Allegeance” to the 
Yankee Government, 186—, while a prisoner at Point Lookout 
Md. Dropped from the rolls. 











53 ENLISTED WuHereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Lafayette 1861| NC Capt 3 Chatham 
Merrit Private] June | Fort Pride years | No. Ca | Co. 
1 Macon Jones 


Batr_es En- 





DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
| | | — | Newberne 
Oct. Harpers Ferry 
18th Sharpsburg 


1840 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 259 


REMARKS 


Wounded in stomach in battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 
1862—Furloughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct. 
8th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Feb. 7th 1863— 
Furloughed again Feb. 13 1863 for 30 days—Returned to the Co. 
Apl. 18th 1863—Furloughed again on account of wounds May 
12th 1863—Returned Feb. 2 1864—Detached in Q. M. Dep't. 
Hillsboro N. C. by Special order No. 93 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. 
dated April 4th 1864—extended June 1st.—Detail extended by 
medical certificate Oct. 20th 30 days— 





54 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY 
George F. May | N. C. Capt 3 Orange 
Miles Private} 15 Ft. Macon| Pride VIS. (|W NO. Cai) |Go: 


Jones 





1861 




















Barres En- 
DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 
Dec. 14 i 
1841 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 | 714! Black Smith | Newberne 
REMARKS 


Sick Furlough Feb. 16th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough ex- 
tended Mar. 16th 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Ap’l. 10th 
1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Apl. 25 1863—Sent to Hos- 
pital at Richmond Va. June 10 1863—Died in Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. June 30th 1863 Inventory and Final Statement for- 
warded to 2d auditor of the Treasury Richmond Va. Nov. 17 
1863— 


260 JAMES SpruNT Histor1cAL STUDIES 











55 ENLISTED WHeEreE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
James ; 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
Miles Private] May | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca | Co. 
15th 
DeEscRIPTION OccuPaTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
Dec 8th 
1838 Blue | Dr’k | Dark 5 5 Farmer 


BattrLes ENGAGED IN 


Newberne—Bristol Station—Harper’s Ferry—Wilderness—Fredericksburg 
—Mine Run 


REMARKS 

Wounded slightly in hip in battle at Battle of Sharpsburg 
Md. Sept. 17th 1862—Detached on Guard to arrest deserters 
from May 11th to May 29th 1863—Furlough Sept. 7, 1863 
for 12 days—Appointed Corporal Nov. 1st 1863—Wounded in 
shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to 
Hospital—Dropped from the Rolls Jan. 31 1865 not having been 
heard from since May 9th 1864 when he was sent to Charlotts- 
ville or Lynchburg Va. from Gen Hosp. Gordonsville Va. He is 
certainly dead. 

















56 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR [ TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Sanders 1861 | N.C. EtiColnuibs Orange 
H. Miller | Private] Sept. | Ft. Macon} John yrs. | No.’Garsji@o: 
17 Sloan 
Batr_es En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Ft. ] IN. 
1826 Grey | Red | Florid 5 11 | Carpenter |! Newberne 








, 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 261 


REMARKS 
Discharged under Conscript Act, July 15th 1862—being over 
35 years of age—Discharge and final Statement given— 


















57 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Saml. L. : 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange 
Nelson Private| May | Fort P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 


15th } Macon 


Barres En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
Newberne— 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Fort Euliss— 





SSS eS Bristol Station 
Sept 18 —Sutherland’s 
1842 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Tavern—Hat- 
cher’s Run— 
April 9th 1865 
REMARKS 
Discharged for disability May 8th 1862—Discharge and final 
Statement given—Re-enlisted Feb 8 1863—Wounded in leg in 
Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 1863 and sent to Hospital— 
Furloughed from Hospital at Stanton Va. Oct. 30th 1863 for 30 
days—Reported at Hospital in Raleigh, N. C. at expiration of 
his furlough—Returned to duty Dec. 20 1864 Surrendered with 
army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 
1865 











58 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Chas. M. 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange 
Parks Private|Apl. 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 





Battes En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED In 


AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 


Aug 19 Newberne 
1841 Grey } Light | Fair See ee lenk Apl. 9th 1865 





262 James SpruNnT HistToricaL STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Appointed act’g Hospital Steward to this Reg’t Aug Ist 1862 
—Left with the wounded at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 19th 1862 and 
fell into the hands of the enemy—Sent through the lines and re- 
turned to Richmd. Oct. 1st 1862—Furloughed from Richmond 
Va. Oct. 3 1862 for 30 days—Appointed Hospital Steward for 
this Regt. July 9th 1863 by Special order No. 192 Adg’t and 
Inspector Gen’l’s. office Richmond Va.—Furlough Nov. 2d 1863 
for 18 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” 
at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 


59 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Alfred 1861 Nui: Capt 3 Orange 
N. Paul | Private 





June 1st} Ft. Macon| P. Jones No. Ca. | Co. 





yrs 





Batt ies En- 




















DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. Newberne 
Harpers Ferry 
1841 Bl’k. | BI’k | Dark 5 |1014) Farmer Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 
17th 1862—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 7th 1862— 
Died at Chimborazo Hospital Richmond Va. Jan. 12 1863— 
Inventory and final Statement forwarded to Adjt’s Gen’l’s office 
Richmond Va. Jan. 31st 1863.— 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 263 








60 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Robt. D. | 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange 

Patterson| Private] June 18| Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 
DEscrIPTION Occupation 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

Dec 17 

1831 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 1 |! Farmer 

















Barres Encacep In 
Newberne—Bristol Station—Harpers Ferry—Sharpsburg—Fredericksburg. 


REMARKS 


Sick furlough from Richmond Va. Jan. 14th 1863 for 30 
days—Left sick at Goldsboro, N. C. Jan. 16 1863—Furlough 
from Hospital in Raleigh N. C. Jan 21st 1863 for 25 days—Fur- 
lough extended Feb. 14 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Mar. 
13 1863 for 25 days—Extended again Apl. 6th 1863—for 30 
days—Returned to duty Apl. 30th 1863—Elected 2d Lieut. J. 
April 30 1863—Wounded severely in groin in Battle of Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on 
account of wounds from Gen’l Hospital No. 4 Richmond Va. 
Noy. 21st 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Jan 12 1864 
for 30 days—Extended again Feb. 16 1864 for 30 days—Re- 
turned to the Reg’t. March, 17th 1864—Furloughed again on 
account of wounds March 28 1864 for 60 days—from then until 
the end of the war— 


264 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 

















61 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Willie T. ; LSGlon)| ENaC. Capt 3 Orange 
Patterson! Private|June 18] Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
Bart es En- 
DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In 
AGE EYES { HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 
SS) | Newberne 
May : ; Harpers Ferry 
1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1114} Farmer Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Wounded in leg at battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862— 
leg amputated—Left in hand of the enemy—Exchanged and 
sent to Petersburg Va. May 15 1863—Placed on Retired list 
Aug 1864— 





62 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 








Roscoe 1861 Nae: Capt 3 
Richards | Private] Apl. 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs 


Hillsboro 





DEscRIPTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 


Jan 29 
1843 











Dr’k | Fair 





Grey 


BatrLes ENGAGED IN 
Newberne—Wilderness—Mine Run—Harper’s Ferry—Grave’s Farm—Fort 
Euliss—Sharpsburg—Weldon R. R.—Sutherland’s Tavern—Fredericksburg— 
Ream’s Station— Bristol Station—Hatcher’s Run—Apl 9 1865. 





REMARKS 


Appointed Corporal July 15th 1862—Wounded slightly in 
hand at Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17th 1862—Furlough 
May 28th 1863 for 5 days—Furlough Feb. 11th 1864 for 18 days 
—Wounded slightly in hand in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 
1864— Wounded in arm in battle near Spottsylvania C. H. Va. 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 265 


May 10th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Aug 7th 
1864—Appointed Serg’t. Aug. 6th 1864—Surrendered with the 
“Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 
9th 1865—Was color bearer of the Regiment for more than a 
year; planted the first colors on the enemy’s works at Ream’s 
Station Va. Aug 25 1864— 











63 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

John S. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 

Roberts | Private| Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones| yrs | No. Ca | Co. 

DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTIoNn 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 

Jan 28 

1842 Grey | BI’k | Dark | 5 | 934) Farmer 














Batries Encacep In 


Newberne—Pale Green Church—Reams Station—Wilderness—Cold Harbor 
Bee Run—Gary’s Farm—Grave’s Farm—Weldon R. R.—Spottsylvania 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Furloughed from 
Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct 14 1862 for 45 days—Furlough 
extended to Jan 3 1863 when he returned to duty—Detailed as 
Teamster from May 12 to June 19th 1863—Sent to Hospital at 
Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8 1863—Returned to duty Nov 26 1863— 
Furlough Jan 30th 1863 for 18 days. Wounded Slightly in 
shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 Killed in 
battle near Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864—Appointed Cor- 
poral Aug 6th 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded 
to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 22 1864—wages due him from 
Ap! 30th 1864 $61.16 ; $18.00 due C. S. for clothing overdrawn— 


266 James SpruNT Histor1caAL STUDIES 





64 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

STATE OR|TOWNOR _ 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Milton B. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 


Robson | Private|June 18} Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 


Batt es En- 





DEscrRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Newberne— 
| |] —— Sharpsburg— 
1832 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 1% | Farmer Harpers Ferry- 
Fredericksburg 
REMARKS 


Killed in Battle of Fredericksburg Va. Dec. 13 1862—Inven- 
tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt. Genl’s Office Rich- 
mond Va. January 31st 1863.— 








65 ENLISTED Were Born 

| STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 
John B. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
Scarlett | Private} May 1 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs | No. Ca. | Co. 

DEscrIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 
Nov 30 : 
1836 Hazel} Dark | Dark 5 |1014| Brick Mason 


BarrLes Encacep In 
Newberne—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station—Weldon R. R.—Pale Green 


Church—Ream’s Station—Cold Harbor. 
REMARKS 

Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. 1st 1862—Returned 
to duty Nov. 10 1862—Detailed as Pioneer for Brigade Nov 25 
1862—Returned to the Co. Aug 1st 1863—Taken prisoner at 
Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 Paroled and sent to Rich- 
mond Va. Mar 10 1864—Furloughed from Richmond Va. Mar 
10 1864 for 60 days—Exchanged and returned to duty May 
10th 1864—Appointed Corporal Aug 6th 1864—Appointed 
Serg’t. Nov 15 1864—Furlough on account of sickness Feb 4 
1865 for 30 days. 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 267 





66 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Saml. J. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 

Scarlett | Private| Apl 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. O. 

DEscrIPTION OccuPpaTION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION FT. | IN 

Aug 31 

1838 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 94%| Carpenter 


Batries ENGAGED IN 


Newberne—Cold Harbor—Bristol Station—Gary’s Farm—Mine Run— 
Hatcher’s Run—Pale Green Church—Fort Euliss 





REMARKS 


Discharged for disability Ap] 30 1862—Discharge and Final 
Statement given—Re-enlisted by Capt. S. Dickson July 13 1863— 
Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Feb. 15 1864—Furlough 
from Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Feb 23 1864 for 30 days— 
Furlough extended Mar. 23d 1864 for 30 days—Returned to 
duty May 1864—Slightly wounded near Hatchers Run Va. 
March 31 1865 and taken prisoner April 2d 1865— 








67 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY 
Charles J.| 1861 INE: Capt 3 Orange 
Shields | Private| May 7 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 


Batt es En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED In 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 


Aug 29 Newberne 
1833 Grey | Black| Fair 5. | 10 | Machinist | Bristol Station 





REMARKS 
Sick furlough from Kinston N. C. June 1st 1862 for 30 days 
—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Nov. 18 1862—Furlough 
from Hospital at Hugenot Springs Dec 8 1862—Furlough ex- 


268 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


tended Feb 7 1863 for 30 days—Extended again March 13 1863 
days—Extended again Apl 10 1863 for 30 days—Returned to 
duty June lst 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 
14 1863—Paroled and returned to Richmond Sept. 23 1864— 
Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. Sept. 24 1864—Inventory 
and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 2d 
1864—wages due him $165.30 and $49.18 commutation for 
clothing 





68 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

James S. 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange 


Shields | Private] May 7 | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yrs No: Ga. || ‘Co: 


Batries En- 




















DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
ee ose hoe tee Newberne _ 
1831 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 9%! Miller Bristol Station 
REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 10 1862—Fur- 
loughed from Camp Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Dec. 17 
1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Jan 15 1863 for 60 days— 
Extended again Ap’l. 13th 1863 for 30 days—Extended again 
June 18 for 30 days—Extended again July 24 1863 for 30 days— 
Returned to duty Sept 10th, 1863—Killed in battle of Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14, 1863—Inventory and Final Statement sent 
to 2d Auditor of Treasury Dec 10th, 1863— 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 269 











69 ENLISTED WueEre Born 
STATE OR 

NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 

Thos. E. 3 Orange 


NAG: 
Sims Private] Mar 26] Hillsboro yrs No. Ca. | Co. 





DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION 
AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 





Feb 23 | Grey | Light | Fair 


Batr.Les EncaGepD IN 


Harpers Ferry—Wilderness—Pale Green Church—Sharpsburg—Mine Run— 
Cold Harbor—Fredericksburg—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station 
—Spottsylvania C. H. 


REMARKS 


Detached on guard to arrest deserters May 11 to May 29th 
1863 Furlough Jany. 18 1864 for 18 days—Mortally wounded in 
side in skirmish at Gary’s Farm June 15 1864—Died in Hospital 
at Richmond Va. June 16 1864—Inventory and Final Statement 
forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Aug 20 1864—Wages due 
him from Dec 31/63 to day of death $60.86 





70 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM] COUNTY 

James M. 1862 | NC W. J. 3 Person 


Sneed Private| Mar 7 | Hillsboro | Gray yrs. | No. Ca. || Co. 


Batr_Les En- 





DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
June 6 Harpers Ferry 
1839 Blue | Dark | Fair 6 | \% ! Farmer Sharpsburg 
ee ER ee ee ee 


Wounded in ankle at Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept 17th 
1862—Furloughed from Stanton Va. on account of wounds Oct 
7 1862—Furlough extended Feb. 9 1863 for 30 days—Extended 
March 2d 1863 for 60 days—Returned to the Reg’t. May 21 


270 JaMEs Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


1863—Sent home on indefinite furlough June 4th 1863—Dis- 
charged on account of wounds June 16th 1863—Discharge and 
final statement given.— 





71 ENLISTED WuERE Born 
NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 


William N.C. Capt 3 
H. Strain} Private Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. 


















No. Ca. | Orange 











Batries En- 
DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 
| | TH |] Newbern | 
July 14 Bristol Station 
1841 Grey | Black} Fair 5 |1134| Farmer Wilderness 
REMARKS 


Wounded in face in battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 
and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Charlotts- 
ville Va. Nov 5 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec. 29th 
1863 for 30 days—Detailed in Qrs Mr’s. Dept. at Hillsboro 
N. C. Jan 20 1864 for 30 days on surgeon’s certificate—Detail 
extended Feb. 20 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 30 
1864—Sent to Hospital Oct 24th, 1864— 





72 ENLISTED WueERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM STATE COUNTY 


Wm. H. 1861 Capt 
Newman | Private| July 31] Ft Macon| P. Jones No. Ca. | Orange 


Batt.Les En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN 


AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
| | Newberne 

Jan 15 Fredericksburg 
1845 Blk. | BI’k. | Dr’k 5 |9 | Brick Mason] Bristol Station 








REMARKS 


Wounded severely in face and leg in Battle of Bristol Station 
Va. Oct 14th, 1863 and sent to Hospital—Appointed Corporal 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 271 


Nov Ist 1863 Furloughed on account of wounds from Camp 
Winder Hospital Nov 28th, 1863 for 30 days—Furlough ex- 
tended Dec 31st 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Jan 3lst 
1864 for 30 days—March 25th 1864 for 30 days—Apl. 28th 1864 
for 30 days—Extended to Dec 10 1864 when he returned to duty 
—Retired on account of wounds Dec. 15th 1864—Furnished with 
descriptive list and ordered to report to Comd of Post at Raleigh 
N. C. agreeably with the requirements of Par—Gen’l. Order No. 
34 A. Q. O series of /64 





73 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE | COUNTY 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD 
Sidney G. 1861 | NC Capt 3 North 
Strayhorn| Private|June 18] Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. | Ca. Orange 
DESCRIPTION Occupation 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 





Feb 15 
1834 














Grey | Light | Fair 1 Farmer 





BatrLes EncaGeD IN 


Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church— 
Bristol Station—Wilderness—Grave’s Farm—April 9th 1865. 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20th 1862—Returned to duty 
Sept. 20th 1862—Furlough May 26th 1863 for 12 days— 
Wounded in ankle in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 
1863 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Camp Winder Hos- 
pital Richmond Va. Dec 11 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty 
Jan 18th 1864—Detailed as Q. M. Serg’t. May 20th 1864—Sur- 
rendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appomattox 
C. H. Va. April 9th, 1865.— 


272 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaLt STUDIES 




















74 ENLISTED WuHeErE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD STATE COUNTY 

Thos. J. ‘ 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 . 

Strayhorn| Private] Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones} yrs | No. Ca. | Orange 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 

Jany 10 

1831 Hazel] BI’k | Fair 5 1114! Merchant 

















BattLes ENGAGED IN 


Newberne—Pale Green Church—Mine Run—Cold Harbor—Ream’s Station 
—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Weldon R. R. 


REMARKS 


Detached as Clerk in Q. M. Dep’t Ransom’s Brigade Ap! 20 
1862—Discharged under Conscript Act Aug 18th 1862 being 
County Trustee—Elected 2d Lieut Jr. Dec. 9th 1862—was absent 
sick till Feb. 8th, 1863—Promoted to 2d Lt. Sr. Apl. 25th, 1863— 
Furlough May 26th, 1863 for 12 days—sent to Hospital at 
Gordonsville Va. Oct 1st 1863—Furloughed from Gen’! Hospital 
No. 4 Richmd Va. Oct 9th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty 
Nov 1st 1863 sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Jan 2d 1864 
Returned to duty Feb. 6th, 1864—Sent to Hospital at Orange 
C. H. Va. Feb. 19th 1864—Furloughed from Gen. Hospital No. 
4 Richmond Va. Feb 25th, 1864 for 30 days—Reported for treat- 
ment to Gen. Hospital No. 7 Raleigh N. C. on the expiration of 
his furlough Mar 26th 1864—Returned to Reg’t. Apl. 2, 1864 
Furlough on account of sickness April 9th 1864 for 30 days Re- 
turned to duty May 9th 1864—Wounded in shoulder in Battle 
near Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25th 1864—Died of wounds in 
Hospital at Richmond Va. Sept 8th 1864. 


Tue JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 Zi 





75 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM] PD STATE COUNTY 





































Wm. L. N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
Terry | Private| July 12 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 
Batt_es En- 

DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Newberne 

| 1 | Harpers Ferry 
1837 Dark | BI’k | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Wounded in head in battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept 17th 1862 
and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Nov 25 1862—Sent to 
Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec. 20th 1862—Died at Camp Winder 
Hospital Richmond Va. Jan 3d, 1863—Inventory and final state- 
ment forwarded to Adj’t Gen’l’s office Richmond Va. Jany 31st 
1863— 





76 ENLISTED Wuere Born 


STATE OR 
NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY 








David 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange 
Thompson | Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 
18 





DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Mar 12 ; . 
1842 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1114! Farmer 


BattLes Encacep In 


Newberne—Fredericksburg—Harpers Ferry—Wilderness—Sharpsburg— 
Hatchers Run—Bristol Station. 





REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in neck at battle of Sharpsburg Md. 
Sept. 17th 1862 Detached on guard to arrest deserters from 
May 11 to May 29th 1863 Wounded slightly by contusion in 
Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 and sent to Hos- 
pital—Returned to duty Dec. 9th 1863—Furloughed May 10th 


274 JAMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 


1863 for 60 days—Furlough Feb. 23d 1864 for 18 days Ap- 
pointed Corporal Nov. 15th 1864 Furlough March 20th 1865 
for 18 days— 





77 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM] COUNTY 
Walter A. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 


Thompson | Private] Apl. | Ft. Macon] P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Hillsboro 
oy. 





Batties En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Jan 21 jf , Retired 
1813 Grey | Light | Fair 5 10 | Merchant Newberne 
REMARKS 


Discharged under Conscript Act Aug 18th 1862 being over 
35 years of age—Discharge and final statement given.— 











78 ENLISTED WuereE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 

George 1862 | N.C. W. F. 3 Orange 

A. Walker | Private] Mar | Hillsboro | Stray- yrs. | No. Gav jiGoz 
2d horn | 
DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 

1842 Grey | Light | Dark Gules Farmer 




















BattrLes Encacep In 


Harpers Ferry—Fort Euliss—Sharpsburg—Sutherland’s Tavern—Mine Run 
—Hatchers Run 





REMARKS 


Wounded in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17th 
1862 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on account of wounds 
from Bristol Station Va. Oct 23 1862—Returned to duty March 4 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 275 


1863—Sent to Hospital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Oct 14 1863— 
Returned to duty Nov. 6 1863—Sent to Hospital at Orange 
C. H. Va. Dec. 8th 1863—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. Dec 20 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jany 31 
1864—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. April 18 1864— 
Furloughed from Hospital at Farmville Va. July 20th 1864 for 
60 days—Taken prisoner on retreat from Petersburg Va. 
April—1865. 


79 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pp. STATE COUNTY 
BedfordB 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 


Warren | Private} June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones} yrs. | No Ca. | Orange 
18 





Batt ies En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 














AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 

Feb 8 : 

1841 Grey | Light | Dark 5 |1134| Farmer Bristol Station 
REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty 
Sept. 20 1862—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feb. 18 
1863—Returned to duty Apl. 5th 1863—Taken prisoner at 
Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 Paroled and returned to Rich- 
mond Feb. 14 1865—Furloughed from Camp Lee Va. Feb. 18 
for—Returned to duty April 2d 1865—Taken prisoner near 
Hatchers Run April 2d 1865— 


























80 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 

Charles J.} 1861 | N.C. Capt 3; 

Watson |Private| May 7 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN 

Mar 9 

1844 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 614| Farmer 

















Battries EncAcep IN 
Newberne—Fort Euliss—Fredericksburg—Bristol Station—Hatchers Run 


276 James SpruntT Historicat STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty 
Sept 20 1862 Furloughed Feb 5 1863 for 16 days—Sent to 
Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. May 22d 1863 Returned to duty 
June 29th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 
1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. Oct 14 1864—Ex- 
changed Dec. Ist 1864 Returned to duty Jany 7 1865 having 
been on furlough from “Parole Camp’—Taken prisoner near 
Hatchers Run Va. April 2d 1865— 
































81 , ENLISTED WuereE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 

Orrin A. 1861 NAG: Capt 5 

Watson | Private| Ap’l. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange 

Batt_es En- 

DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Newberne 

ae Harper’s Ferry 
1842 Grey | Light | Fair Shas (Clerk Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Inven- 
tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l Office Rich- 
mond Va. Jany 30 1863.— 





82 ENLISTED Wuere Born 


STATE OR | TOWN OR 
KINGDOM | COUNTY 


SS 


Richard B. 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange 
Watson Private] June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones Co. 
Ist 









NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD. 


BatT.es En- 





DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
1834 Blue | Light | Fair 6 | 1 | Farmer Newberne 

















Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 277 


REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Nov. 2 1862—Died 
in Hospital at Charlottsville Va. Nov 17 1862—Inventory and 


final statement forwarded to Adjt. Genl’s Office Richmond Va. 










Jan 31/63 

83 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born 

; TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE co 

John F, 1861 IN: 'C: Caswell 
Wood __| Private] June 10 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs Now Gassie Go: 








DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. 
Oct 9 
1839 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 3%4| Farmer 


Batr_es ENGAGED IN 
Newberne—Mine Run—Bristol Station—Wilderness—Grave’s Farm. 





REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Hanover Junction Va. Aug 22d 1863— 
Returned to duty Sept 10 1863—Furlough Oct. 29 1863 for 18 
days—Killed in Battle at Graves Farm Va. May 10 1864—In- 
ventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treas- 
ury Nov 22 1864—wages due him $25.06—Due C. S. $20.25. 











84 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 
Geo. W. 1862 INC: W. F. 3 

Woods | Private] Feb 24 | Hillsboro | Stray- yrs No. Ca. | Orange 


horn 





Battes En- 





DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN. 
[| —__me_j—|— Harpers Ferry 
1842 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 844l Farmer Sharpsburg 

















278 JAMES SprunT HistoricAL STUDIES 


REMARKS 

Wounded in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862 and 
left in hands of the enemy—Died at Sharpsburg Sept. 27 1862— 
Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt Genl’s Office 
Richmond Va. Jan. 30 1862. 


85 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 
Joseph 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 


E. Woods! Private|July 12 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange 


BatrLes En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 











Oct 29 Newberne 


Grey | Light | Fair Farmer Bristol Station 





REMARKS 


Furlough Feb. 12th 1863 for 6 days—Killed in Battle of 
Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Inventory and Final State- 
ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Dec 10 1863. 


86 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| DP | STATE COUNTY 


Joseph 1861 | N.C. Capt 
H. Woods} Private] July | Ft. Macon] P. Jones 
4th 











3 
yrs | No. Ca. | Orange 


Batt.es En- 
DeEscrIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 








AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 
Nov 7 Harness Newberne 
1833 Blue | Dark | Dark 5 8 Maker. Bristol Station 


REMARKS 

Wounded in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 
1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Gen’l Hospital 
No. 1 Richmond Va. Dec. 22d 1863 for 60 days—Furlough ex- 


THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 279 


tended Feb 24th 1864 for 30 days—March 24 1864 for 30 
days—Ap’l 23/64—May 25/64 30 days—June 27/64 for 30 
days—Detached in Q. M. Dept. Hillsboro N. C. by special 
order No 274 Hdars. A. N. Va. Nov. 24 1864— 


87 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 


W. Duke N.C. Capt 3 
Woods | Private] June | Ft. Macon] P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
Ist 














Battes En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne 
| | | Fredericksburg 
Nov.16 Bristol Station 
1835 Blue | BI’k | Fair 914| Farmer April 9th 1865 

















REMARKS 


Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. 1st 1862—Fur- 
loughed from Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct. 9 1862 for 45 
days—Returned to duty Dec. 6 1862—Wounded in hip and 
knee in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863, and sent to 
Hospital—F urloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov 17 
1863 for 60 days—Furlough extended Jan 13 1864 for 30 
days—Returned to duty Feby 27 1864—Furloughed Mar 7 
1864 for 30 days having furnished a recruit agreeably with the 
requirements of Gen. Order No. 1 Hd Qrs. army of No. Va. 
Detailed as ambulance Driver April 15 1864 being unfit for 
active service—Returned to duty with, the Co. Oct. 20 1864— 
Detailed with A. G. M. Cookes Brigade to procure forage in 
N. C. Jany 24th 1865—Surrendered with the “Army of North- 
ern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 


280 JAMES SpruntT HistToricaAL STUDIES 






































88 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY 
Sanders L.| 1862 | NC Jones 3 
Markham | Private|Ap’128| Hillsboro | Watson | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange 
Barrties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
1843 Hazel] Dark | Fair 5 8 Farmer 
REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Nov 16 1862—Fur- 
loughed from Hospital Nov 26th 1862 for 30 days—Died at 
home in Orange Co. N. C. Dec 15 1862—Inventory and Final 
Statement forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l’s office Jan 31st 1863 







































89 ENLISTED WueEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| Pp | STATE COUNTY 
William H.| 1862 | N.C. Jones 3 
Rogers Private| Ap] 28 | Hillsboro | Watson | yr’s } No. Ca. | Orange 
Batt es En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Spo ee ee Mine Run 
Apl 11 Hatcher’s Run 
1844 Blue | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Fort Euliss 
REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Noy 15 1862—Fur- 
loughed from Hospital Nov 26 1862 for 30 days—Furlough 
extended Dec. 24th 1862 for 30 days—Extended again Jan 23 
1863 for 15 days—Extended again Feb. 4th for 30 days— 
Extended again March 2d 1863 for 20 days—Returned to duty 
March 25 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8th 
1863—Returned to duty Dec 1st 1863—Furlough March 11 
1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital May 4th 1864—Returned 
to duty Sept 24 1864—Taken prisoner on Picket Line near 
Hatcher’s Run Va. Mar. 31 1865. 


Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 281 





90 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD | KINGDOM] COUNTY 
Samuel P. 1862 | N.C. Lieut. Jas.| 3 
Lockhart | Private] May 4! Hillsboro | Y. yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
Whitted 
Barres En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED In 
Fredericksburg 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN —Gary’s Farm 
| | | — —Bristol Sta- 
May 29 tion—Weldon 
1843 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 814) Farmer R. R.—Pale 
Green Church 
—Cold Harbor 
REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20th 1862—Furloughed 
from Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct 14 1862 for 30 days— 
Detached on guard to arrest deserters from May 11 to May 
29th 1863—Wounded slightly by contusion Battle of Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed 
from Camp Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Nov 27 1863 for 
30 days—Returned to duty Jany 31 1864—Furloughed April 
16th 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able-bodied recruit 
to the army of No. Va.—Killed in battle of Yellow Tavern 
Va. Aug 21 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded 
to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 22d 1864—wages due him Apl. 
30 1864 $57.50 and $8 commutation for clothing— 





91 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | STATE COUNTY 

Jehu R. 1862 | N.C. Lieut. 3 

Whitted | Private} May 4} Hillsboro | Jas. Y. | yr’s| No. Ca. | Orange 
Wh itted 


Batties En- 
DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 


AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION FT. | IN 





Nov 17 Harper’s Ferry 
1841 Grey | BI’k | Dark 5 | 101 Farmer Sharpsburg 


282 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Wounded in side in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 
1862—Furloughed from Stanton Va. on account of wounds, 
Oct. 7th 1862 for 40 days—Furlough extended Nov 19th for 
40 days—Extended again Dec 18th for 30 days—Extended 
again Jan 23 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Feb. 21 for 
30 days—extended again March 22d 1863 for 30 days—Ex- 
tended again Ap’! 22d 30 days—Returned to the Co. May 29th 
1863—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. June 9th 1863 Re- 
turned to the Co June 29th 1863—Detached for Hospital Duty 
at Richmond Va. Aug 7th 1863 by order of Gen’l Elzey being 
unfit for field duty—Detail extended Nov 1st 1863 for 30 days— 
July 27th 30 days—Aug. 20—30 days—Sept 27, 30 days— 
Retired on account of Disability from wounds—Placed on 
“Invalid Corps” and ordered to Report to Surg’t W. H. Moore, 
Gen. Hosp. No 12 Greensboro N. C. by Par VII Special orders 
no 294 A. and I. G. office Dec 12, 1864— 


92 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | STATE COUNTY 







Lorenzo L. 1862 | N.C. W. F. 3 
Bennett | Private} May 12} Hillsboro | Stray- yrs | No. Ca. | Orange 
horn 


Batr_es En- 




















DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 
1834 Grey | Light | Dark 6 | —- | Farmer 
REMARKS 


Sick Furlough June 22d 1862 for 20 days—Sent to Hos- 
pital at Winchester Va. Oct 15 1862—Died in Hospital at 
Winchester Va. Oct 21 1862—Inventory and final statement 
forwarded to adjt. Gen’l’s Office Richmond Va. March 2 1863— 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 283 


93 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | STATE COUNTY 

William T. 1862 | NC W. F. 3 

Shields Private] May 12] Hillsboro Seats yrs | No. Ca. | Orange 
orn 


Batt Les En- 




















DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.]| IN 
Ap! 15 Harpers Ferry 
1840 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1144! Farmer Sharpsburg 
REMARKS 


Wounded in hip in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept 17 1862— 
Furloughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct 8 
1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended till Ap’l. 5 1863 when he 
returned to the Regt. Sent to Hospital at Wilmington N. C. 
Ap’! 28th 1863—Furloughed from Hospital May 8 1863 for 
30 days—Furlough extended to Sept 10 when he returned to 
the Reg’t Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8th 1863— 
Detailed in commissary Dep’t. at Greensboro N. C. Nov 23d 
1863 for 30 days on Surgeons Certificate of disability—Re- 
turned to duty Jan 14 1864—Detailed as Teamster in Q Mr. 
Dept Heth’s Division—Returned to the Co April 27 1864— 
Sent to Hospital May 4th 1864—Detailed on light duty at 
Liberty Va. May 15 1864—Detailed on Conscript Duty at Camp 
Lee, Richmond Va. by Special Order No 308 A and I. G. O 
Dec. 29 1864— 


284 James SprunT Historica STUDIES 


94 ENLISTED WHeEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | couNTY 


Alvis 1862 ING. 








es Jassven is 
Norwood | Private} May 14} Hillsboro | Whitted yrs | No. Ca.| Orange 
DEscRIPTION Occupation 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN 
July 19 
1843 Grey | Dark | Fair 5 | 6%! Student 














BatrLes ENGAGED IN 


Fredericksburg—Cold Harbor—Bristol Station—Gary’s Farm—Mine Run— 
Pale Green Church. 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. lst 1862—Returned 
to duty Nov 10 1862—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 
20 1862—Furloughed from Hospital Jan 23d 1863 for 50 
days—Furlough extended Mar 9/63 for 30 days—Returned to 
duty Apl. 19 1863—Furlough March 11th 1864 for 18 days— 
Furloughed April 16 1864 for 30 days having furnished an 
able-bodied recruit to the Army of No. Va.—Killed in Battle 
at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Inventory and final state- 
ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64. Wages 
due him from Ap’! 30/64 to day of death $16.50. 





95 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
James 1862 | N.C. LEE TSH 6 i! 


Webb Private] May 14] Hillsboro | Whitted yrs |No. Ca.| Hillsboro 









BattT_es En- 
GAGED IN 


Bristol Station 


DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 






















AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN —Gary’s Farm 
ee ee —Pale Green 
Feb 2 Church—Cold 
Grey | Light | Fair 5 {1014} Clerk Harbor 





Tue James A. Grauam Papers, 1861-1884 285 


REMARKS 


Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20 1862—Detailed in J. 
and J. H. Webb’s Factory Orange Co. N. C. Sept 29th 1862 
for 90 days—Detail extended Dec 29 1862 for 60 days by 
Special Order No 199 Hd. Qr’s. Richmond Va.—Returned to 
duty March 8 1863—Wounded severely through left breast in 
Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hos- 
pital—Furloughed from Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Nov 10 
1863 for 60 days—Furlough extended Jan. 6 1864 for 30 
days—Returned to duty Feby 10 1864—Furlough April 18 
1864 for 30 days having furnished an able-bodied recruit to 
the army of No. Va.—Transferred to Co. K 4th N. C. Cavalry 
Oct 25 1864 in exchange for Lemual K Woodward by Special 
Order No 256 A. and I. G O. 


























96 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 
Lorenzo i 1862 | N.C. Lt. Jas. 3 
Dunnigan | Private] May 16} Hillsboro | Y. Whitted| yrs | No.Ca.| Orange 
Batt_es En- 
DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

a es | Harpers Ferry 
Aug Ist Sharpsburg 
1835 Grey | BI’k | Dark 6 | 1 | Farmer Bristol Station 

REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in head at Battle of Sharpsburg Md. 
Sept 17 1862 sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. July 8th 1863— 
Returned to duty July 29 1863 Taken prisoner at Bristol Sta- 
tion Va. Oct. 14 1863—Died Nov 4 1863 at Washington D. C. 
while a prisoner in hands of the enemy Aug /63. 


286 JAMES SPRUNT HisToricaL STUDIES 





97 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
A Apu [EN ee EMER eM Ee Mme ENE 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM TOWN 


1863, INC: Lt. Jas 3 
Feb 8 | Hillsboro | Y. Whitted| yrs !No. Ca. 








Frederick 
Nash 









Private 








Hillsboro 





Batt es En- 
DEscripTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
HAIR 


COMPLEXION 







AGE 





ee Bristol Station 
Law Mine Run 
Y | Student 


July 29 





Red | Florid 


REMARKS 


Appointed musician June 15th 1863—Returned to Ranks 
Aug 15 15 1863—Ac’tg Inspector Gen’l of Kirkland’s Brigade 
from Oct. 11 1863 to Feb. 3 1864—Furlough on account of 
sickness Feb 3 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty with the 
regiment March 6 1864—Detailed as clerk in Brigade Ord. Dept. 
March 7 1864—Appointed Inspector Gen’! of Kirklands Brigade 
to rank from Feb 24 1864— 








































98 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Albert J. 1862 | N.C. Capt J. 3 
Forrest Private|May Ist| Hillsboro | W. Latta | yrs. |No. Ca. 

Batt_es En- 

DEscrRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN : } 
| J | | — Bristol Station 
Sept Wilderness 
1841 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 6 | Farmer Mine Run 
REMARKS 


Transferred from Capt. Latta’s Co. Wright’s Battalion 
N. C. 7. May 29 1863 in exchange for Thos. Faucett— 
Wounded slightly in hand in Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863— 
Wounded slightly in hand in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 
1864—Furloughed on acc’t of wounds from Hospital at Lynch- 
burg Va. May 30 1864 for 30 days—Taken prisoner near 
Hatcher’s Run Va. Apl 2d 1865.— 


Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 287 


























99 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY 
Phillip A. 1862 | N.C. Tet raeuyea|iers North- 
Philand Private] May 16| Hillsboro | Whitted | yrs No. Ca.} ampton 
Batries En- 

DEscrIPTION OccuPaTIoN | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 
1835 Blue | Light | Fair 5 |1014! Shoe Maker 

REMARKS 


Died in N. C. Hospital Petersburg Va. July 13th 1863— 


100 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pp| sTATE | couNTY 
Edgert H. US62 NEG: Capt Jos.| 3 


Strayhorn | Private ay Hillsboro | C. Webb] yrs} No. Ca.| Orange 
St 


DESCRIPTION OccupPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 





Sept 18 
1832 Grey | Dark | Dr’k 








6 | 4%! Farmer 


Batties Encacep In 
Harper’s Ferry—Wilderness—Fredericksburg—Bristol Station. 


REMARKS 


Detailed in Regimental Ambulance Corps Jan 15 1863— 
Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Dec. 6 1863—Returned 
to duty Feby 3 1864—Furlough Feby 21 1864 for 18 days—Re- 
ported at Hospital in Raleigh N. C. at the expiration of his 
furlough March 10 1864—Returned to duty May 2d 1864— 
Wounded in neck in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864— 
Died in Hospital at Danville Va. July 1st 1864—Inventory and 
final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug 
20/64—Wages due from to day of his death $88.00. 


288 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 








101 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
STATE OR | TOWN OR 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | KINGDOM | COUNTY 
John 1862 | N.C. Capt Jos. 
Mowatt Private] July | Hillsboro | C. Webb | Scotland | Kenderden- 
15 shire 
Batt.es En- 
DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
a | Bristol Station 
Jany 11 ) Weldon Rail 
1827 Hazel] Light | Dark 6 | 314| Shoe Maker | Road 
REMARKS 


Substitute for Wm. G. Borland July 15 1862—Left sick at 
Upperville London Co. Va. Oct 27 1862—Returned to duty 
Jany 6 1863—Wounded in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 
1863 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Dec 8 1863—Fur- 
lough Jan 15 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. 
H. Va. March 15 1864—Sick furlough March 28 1864 for 30 
days—Returned to duty 1864 having been in hospital since the 
expiration of his furlough—Detailed as Shoe Maker for Reg’t. 
Sept. 25 1864—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. Apl. 
7th 1865.— 








102 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY 

William 1862 N.C, Capt Jos. 

H. Nunn} Private| Sept 15 | Hillsboro | C. Webb No. Ca. Orange 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 


Fair 

















Light 


Grey 5 10 | Farmer 


BatrLes EncaGeD In 


Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church—Sutherland’s Tavern—Hatcher’s Rum 
—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania 
C. H.—Fort Euliss—April 9 1865 





THE JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 289 


REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feby 7 1863—Re- 
turned to duty May 28 1863—Sent to Hospital at Lynchburg 
Va. Oct 13 1863—Returned to duty Jan. 18/64—Wounded in 
neck in Battle at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Furloughed 
from Hospital at Richmond Va. July 20 1864 for 40 days— 
Furlough extended 30 days—Reported at Hospital at Richmond 
Va. for treatment at expiration of his Furlough—Returnd to 
duty Nov 8 1864—Surrendered with the Army of Northern 
Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9 1865. 


103 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY 


William P. 1862 N.C. Capt Jos. 
Hanner Nov 24 | Hillsboro | C. Webb ! No. Ca. 













Private Orange 


























Bartrt_es En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1844 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 914%] Farmer Fredericksburg 


REMARKS 
Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec 27 1862—Died in 
Hospital in Danville Va. Feb 9 1863—Inventory and final state- 
ment forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l’s office Mar 9/63. 














104 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY 

S. Knox t 1862 N.C. Capt Jos. 

Woods Private] Nov 24 | Hillsboro | C. Webb | No. Ca. Orange 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

Oct 26 

1845 Hazel| Black] Fair Farmer 

















Batries EncAcep IN 


: lp Station—Sutherland’s Tavern—Fredericksburg—Fort Euliss—April 
1865. 


290 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863— 
Paroled and sent to Savannah Ga. Nov 1864—Exchanged Dec. 
lst 1864—Returned to duty Feby 12 1865 having been absent 
without leave since Jan 1st 1865—Surrendered with “Army 
of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 
1865.— 


105 ENLISTED WHERE Born 




















NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 

Meredith 1862.0) NAG; Capt Jas 

Adams Private| Dec 11] Hillsboro /Y. Whitted os No. Ca. | Orange 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 

July 16 

1833 Hazel| BI’k | Fair 6 Shoe Maker 

















BattrLes Encacep In 


Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Hatcher’s Run—Wilderness—Cold 
Harbor—Ream’s Station—Spottsylvania—Gary’s Farm—Fort Euliss—Grave’s 
Farm—Weldon R. R.—Sutherlands Tavern—April 9 1865. 


REMARKS 


Detailed at Regimental Shoe Shop from Dec 20 1862 to 
Feb 1st 1863—Furlough Jan 25 1864 for 18 days—Wounded 
slightly in foot in battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864— 
Furlough Jan 13th 1865 for 18 days—Appointed Corporal Jan 
31 1865 to rank from Jan 1st 1865—Surrendered with the 
“Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomatttox C. H. Va. April 
9th 1865— 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 291 














106 ENLISTED WueEre Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY wHOM | pp | sTATE | couNTY 
William 1862 | N.C. Captiasaals 
A. Hayes | Private| Dec 11| Hillsboro] Y. Whitted| yrs | No. Ca.| Orange 
Batt es En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 

















Hazel Fair 


Light 


Clerk April 9th 1865 


REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feb 20 1863—Re- 
turned to duty May 15 1863—Detailed as Orderly for Col. 
Gilmer June 1st 1863—Appointed Musician for Nov 1st 1864— 
Furlough Jan lst 1865 for 18 days—Surrendered with the 
“Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appomattox C. H. Va. Apl. 
9 1865—Crossed Hatchers Run below Burgess Mill April 1st 
1865 under a heavy fire, and brought us the news of the break of 
the Confederate lines and the orders for retreat— 





107 ENLISTED WueErE Born 
TOWN OR 
WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 


Abram 1862 Capt Jas. | 3 
Hedgpeth | Private] Dec 11 Y. Whitted } yrs. 









NAME RANK WHEN 






NEG 
Hillsboro No. Ca. | Hillsboro 























DEscrRIPTION OccupATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
Aug 15 ‘ : 
1844 Grey | Light} Fair 5 | 74! Harness Maker 


BattLes Encacep In 
Grave’s Farm—Fort Euliss—Spottsylvania C. H.—Sutherland’s Tavern— 
Pale Green Church—Cold Harbor—Gary’s Farm—Hatcher’s Run—April 9 
1865 





REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Jan 19 1863—Fur- 
loughed from Hospital Feb 9 1863 for 30 days—Returned to 


292 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


duty Ap’l. 19th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. 
Oct 8th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Dec 3d 1863—Fur- 
loughed April 4 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able- 
bodied recruit to the army of No. Va.—Wounded in arm and 
abdomen in skirmish at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15th 1864 and 
sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. 
July 23d 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended Aug. 22d 
1864 for 30 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern 
Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 







108 ENLISTED WueErE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | TOWN 
David C, 1862 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 

Parks Private] Dec 11] Hillsboro| Y. Whittedlyr’s. | No. Ca. | Hillsboro 




















BatrtLes En- 





DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | COMPLEXION ] HAIR | FT | IN. 
Aug 14 
1834 BI’k | Fair Light | 5 | 614! Merchant April 9 1865 

















REMARKS 
Appointed Regimental Commissary Sergeant July 14 1863— 
Furlough Jan 15 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Orange Co N. C. 
Aug 30th/64 to procure vegetables for Cooke’s Brigade (de- 
tail for 10 day) Surrendered with the “Army of Northern 
Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9 1865. 


























109 ENLISTED WuereE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 

William A 1863 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 Orange 

Gattis Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted | yr’s.| No. Ca. 
DEscrIPTION OccupaTION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

Oct 28 

1835 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 11 ! Farmer 




















Batt_Les Encacep In 
Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Ream’s Station—Wilderness—Cold 
Harbor—Mine Run—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.— 
Weldon R. R. 





THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 299 


REMARKS 

Sent to Hospital at Charleston S. C. Apl 16 1863—Re- 
turned to duty Jun 9th 1863—Wounded slightly in thigh in 
Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Detailed on Ambu- 
lance Corps Nov 8 1863 to Jan 29 1864—Wounded slightly in 
hip in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864—Wounded se- 
verely in hip in Battle at Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864— 
Furloughed from Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Sept 16 
1864 for 60 days— 























110 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 
William G. 1863 | NC Capt Jas. | 3 

Latta Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro} Y. Whitted| yrs | No. Ca.| Orange 








Batt_es En- 




















DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 
July 8 
1837 Blue | Light |. Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Bristol Station 
bs REMARKS 


Furlough Mar 6th 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at 
Orange C. H. Va. Apl 18 1864—Died in hospital at Richmond 
Va. May 15 1864—Inventory and final Statement forwarded to 
2d Auditor of Treasury Aug 20 1864—Wages due him from 
Dec 31/63 to day of his death $49.50 























111 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY 
Murphy 1863 | N.C. Jones 3 
Ray Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro! Watson yrs. | No. Ca.| Chatham 
Batries En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Bristol Station 
SS ) | —Wilderness 
1827 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 6 | Farmer —Gary’s Farm 
—Pale Green 


Church—Cold 
Harbor 


294 JAMES SPRUNT HistTorIcaL STUDIES 


REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in hand in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 
5th 1864—Sent to Hospital Jan. 15 1865—Sick furlough Feb 
11 1865 30 days—Died at home in Orange Co. N. C. Mar. 5: 
1865. 


112 ENLISTED Wuere Born 



















NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Q. Green 1863 9) NIC Capt Jas.) 3 
Strayhorn | Private] Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted | yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 








Batries En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 

















AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
Sept 27 
1837 BI’k | Light | Florid 5 | 8%| Farmer Gary’s Farm 














REMARKS 


Detailed as Teamster for Ordnance Train July 15th 1863— 
Sent to Hospital Nov 8 1863—Returned to duty Dec. 9 1863— 
Furlough Feb 13, 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange 
C. H. Va. Apl 18th 1864—Wounded severely in shoulder in 
skirmish at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864 and sent to Hos- 
pital—Died in Hospital in Richmond Va. July 20 1864 of 
wounds recd June 15—Inventory and final statement forwarded 
to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64—wages due him from 
De 31/63 to date of his death $44.73— 




















113 ENLISTED WuerE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Uriah 1863 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 

Wilkerson | Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted| yrs |! No. Ca.| Orange 


Batt.es En- 
DEscrRIPTION GAGED IN 





















AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION 
Nov 19 : ; 
1825 Blue | Red | Florid 5 8 | Farmer Bristol Station 








THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 295 
REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Hanover Junction Va. Sept 8th 1863— 
Returned to duty Sept 30 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol 
Station Va. Oct 14th 1863—Died at Pt. Lookout Hospital Jan. 
10 1864 while in the hands of the enemy—lInventory and final 
statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov. 22d 
1864. Wages due him from Aug. 31/63 $47.66 






114 ENLISTED WueEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTaTE | COUNTY 
David C. SOS alWNeC, Capt Jas. | 3 

Paul Private| Ap’! 2 Hillsboro] Y. Whitted yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 


























Batttes En- 








DEscRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. Bristol Station 
| | | —_ —Ream’s Sta- 

Mar 8 tion—Wilder- 
1842 Grey | Light | Florid 5 | 10 | Wagon ness—Hatchers 
Maker Run—Weldon 

TREE 
REMARKS 


Detailed as Teamster for Ordnance Wagon from Nov. 6 
to Dec 9 1863—Detailed as Ambulance Driver from Dec. 18th 
1863 to Jan. 8 1864—Wounded in hip in Battle Wilderness Va. 
May 5 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital 
at Richmond Va. May 24th 1864 for 60 days—Returned to 
duty July 28 1864—Wounded slightly in hip in Battle near 
Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864—Sent to Hospital Nov 20/64 
Returned to duty Jan. 10 1865—Deserted to the enemy Feb. 
28 1865. 


296 James SprunT Historica STUDIES 


115 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY 
Chesley A.|_ 1862 | N.C. Capt P. 3 
Blalock Private] July 17} Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 
Holmes 
Barres En- 

DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 














1830 Blue 


Light | Fair 


Farmer Bristol Station 





REMARKS 


Sent to this Co..from Malletts Conscript Battalion Apl. 7th 
1863—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. July 18 1863—Re- 
turned to duty Sept. 30th 1863 Taken prisoner at Bristol Sta- 
tion Va. Oct. 14 1863—Died August 5 1864 while a prisoner at 
Pt. Lookout Md. in the enemy’s hands—Inventory and final 
statement forwarded—Wages due him from June 1863 





116 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 


James A. 1862 | N.C. Capt P. 
Forrest Private| July 20) Camp Mallett 
Holmes 














3 
yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 


Batt.es En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 


HAIR | COMPLEXION 


Dr’k | Fair 


AGE 


EYES 


Blue 

















1835 


Farmer Bristol Station 


REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N.C. Ap’l. 7th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 
14 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. May Ist 1864— 
Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. May 2d 1864—Inventory and 
final statement forwarded to 2d auditors of Treasury—wages 
due him $140.00. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 297 

















117 ENLISTED WueEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
James A. 1862 | N.C. Col P. 3 
Gattis Private] July Camp Mallett yrs | No. Ca.} Orange 
16th Holmes 
Battes En- 

DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION |] FT. | IN 
1844 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 6%! Farmer Bristol Station 

REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Mallett’s Conscript Raleigh N. C. Ap’l 
7 1863 Sent to Hospital at Charleston S. C. Ap’l 23 1863—Re- 
turned to duty May 2d 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station 
Va. Oct. 14, 1863—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 
2d Auditor of Treasury Richmond Va. Dec. 10th 1863 


118 ENLISTED WuHere Born 
NAME RANK WHERE | BY WHOM | PD. | STATE | COUNTY 
















James H. NC Coles 3 
Hughes Private] July | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
18 Holmes 
DEscrIPTION OccupPaTION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN. 
1843 Hazel| Dr’k | Florid 5 |1114| Farmer 

















BatrLes EncAceD In 


Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Grave’s Farm—Garys Farm—Spottsylvania 
C. H.—Pale Green Church 


REMARKS 


Sent to this Co from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N.C. Apl. 7 1863 Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Aug 1st 
1863—Returned to duty Aug. 12 1863 Sent to Hospital at Han- 
over Junction Va. Aug. 30 1863—Furloughed from Hospital 
Sept. 17th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Oct. 15 for 15 


298 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


days Returned to duty March 2d 1864—Mortally wounded in 
battle at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Died in Hospital at 
Richmond Va. June 16th 1864—lInventory and final statement 
forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury—wages due him $155.00. 




































119 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTaTE | COUNTY 
George W.| ING, Col. 5 
Merritt Private] July Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.] Orange 
17 Holmes 
Batties En- 

DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1840 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 8%| Farmer Bristol Station 

REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N. C. Ap’! 7 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 
14 1863 Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor 
of the Treasury Richmond Va. Dec. 10th 1863— 


120 ENLISTED Were Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 


James 1862 || N-C: Col P. 3 
Mitchell | Private] July | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
LS Winder 








Batrties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Bristol Station 
a Hatchers Run 
1829 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 814} Shoe Maker | Wilderness 
Mine Run 


Grave’s Farm 


REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N.C. Ap’! 7 1863—Furloughed March 10th 1864 for 18 days— 
Wounded in breast in Battle near Spottsylvania C. H. May 10 


THE JAmMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 299 


1864 and sent to Hospital Returned to duty Oct. 12 1864—De- 
serted March 17 1865—Supposed to have gone to the enemy— 
carried off Cartridge Box $6.00, waist Belt 1.50, cap. pouch 2.25, 
40 cart. 10.00, 52 caps 1.30, $21.05 























121 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 
W. Frank 1862 | NC Cole: 3 
Pearson | Private] July Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 
17 Holmes 
BattLes En- 

DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 
1838 Blue | Dr’k | Florid 5 | 944| Farmer Bristol! Station 

REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N C Ap’! 7 1863—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. July 18th 
1863—Returned to duty Sept 30 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Inventory and final statement for- 
warded to 2d Auditor of the Treasury Dec. 10th 1863— 













122 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK 


WHEN WHERE BY WHOM PD STATE COUNTY 


Henry 1862 | NC Col. P. 3 
Pickett Private] July Camp Mallett yrs 


No. Ca.| Orange 
17 Holmes 


Battries En- 
DESCRIPTION GAGED IN 












AGE EYES 








pc 
HAIR | COMPLEXION IN | OCCUPATION 


Hazel] Dr’k | Florid 8 











1827 Bristol Station 


REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N. C. Apl 7 1863—Lost a leg in battle of Bristol Station Va. 
Oct. 14 1863—Furloughed on account of wounds from Hospital 
in Richmond Va. Nov 18 1863 for 60 days—Placed on retired 
List Aug 24 1864— 


300 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 







123 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE| BY WHOM COUNTY 

John 1862 | N.C. Col. P. 

Thomas _ | Private] July | Camp Mallett Orange 
15 Holmes 





Bartties En- 
DeEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 
Miasticbedebateitnees sh OSA LIN 









AGE 








EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT. 
Florid 


Blue | Light 








REMARKS 

Sent to this Co. from Mallett’s Conscript Battalion Raleigh 
N.C. Ap’! 7th 1863—Sent to Hospital from Warrenten Va. Oct. 
14th 1863—Furloughed from Gen. Hospital No. 3 Lynchburg 
Va. Oct. 29th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 2d 1864 
Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. March 22d 1864—Died in 
Hospital at Richmond Va. April 26th 1864—Inventory and final 
statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury, wages due him 
$124.00. 

















124 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY 
William 1863 | NC Capt S. 3 
Brown Private| May 26| Hillsboro| Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Duplin 
Batt es En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

















BI’k | Black! Dr’k 


Blacksmith 


REMARKS 

Substitute for Wm. Lipscomb May 26th 1863—Detached as 
Regimental Blacksmith Aug. 1st 1863 Furloughed March 2d 
1864 for 18 days Detached as Blacksmith at Div. Hd. Ors. June 
21 1864—Sick furlough Nov 19 1864 for 20 days—Surrendered 
with the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. 
April 9th 1865— 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 301 











125 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD. | STATE | COUNTY 

William J. 1862 | N.C. Capt. S. 3 

Sykes Private| Aug 15] Hillsboro] Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Alamance 
DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

July 31 

1845 BI’k | Dark! Dr’k 6 2 Farmer 

















Batr.Les Encacep In 


Bristol Station—Grave’s Farm—Wilderness—Spottsylvania C. H.—Mine 
Run—Cold Harbor. 





REMARKS 


Sent to Hospital at Petersburg Va. June 20th 1864—and 
never afterwards heard from— 




















126 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE ] BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 

William TS63)aNeG: Capt S. 3 

Thompson | Private| Aug 15} Hillsboro} Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Alamance 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

Mar 15 

1822 BI’k | Dark | Dark 5 | 914 Farmer 








BattrLes Encacep In 


Bristol Station—Hatchers Run—Wilderness—Fort Euliss—Mine Run— 
Sutherlands Tavern—April 9th 1865 





REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in arm and shoulder in Battle of Bristol 
Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Wounded in head in battle of Wild- 
erness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty 
Sept. 24 1864 having been absent without leave 45 days—Sur- 
rendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox 
C. H. Va. April 9. 1865— 


302 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 



































127 ENLISTED WuereE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 

Evans ; L863 iN Ee Capt. S. 3 

Brown Private| Aug 19] Hillsboro| Dickson yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 

Batttes En- 

DEscrIPTION OccupaTIoN | GAGED In 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT 

Mar 18 

1821 Grey | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Bristol Station 

REMARKS 


Lost an arm in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863— 
Furloughed on account of wounds from Hospital in Richmond 
Va. Oct. 30th/63 for 60 days—Furlough extended Dec. 30th 
1863 for 60 days—Feby 24 1864 for 30 days—March 24th 1864 
for 30 days Ap’l. 27 30 days—May 25 30 days June 23d 30 days 
Aug 24th 30 days Retired on acct. of wounds Aug 24th 1864— 






































128 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 

William R. 1863) NOG, Capt S. 3 

Ray Private| Aug 19] Hillsboro] Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
Battes En- 

DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | Fr. | IN 

June 12 y 

1819 B’k | BI’k | Dr’k 5 |9 | Farmer Bristol Station 

REMARKS 


Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 Paroled 
returned to Richmond Sept. 23d 1864—Died in Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. Sept 24 1864—Inventory and final statement for- 
warded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov. 22/64 wages due him 
$169.33 and $69.18 commutation for clothing 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 303 





129 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM ] PD | STATE |] COUNTY 
Chas. L. W863) N.C: Capt. 3 

Dunnigan | Private| Sept 4 | Hillsboro] Landis yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 











DEscrIPTION OccuPATION 
EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. 


Grey | Dr’k | Fair 5 |1014| Farmer 


Batries EnGaAGeED In 


Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Ream’s Station—Mine Run—Gary’s Farm— 
Pale Green Church—Weldon R. R. 












AGE 














REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 24 
1863 Wounded slightly in shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. 
May 5th 1864 Wounded in leg at Battle of Ream’s Station Va. 
Aug 25th 1864—Furloughed from Winder Hospital Richmond 
Va. Sept 15 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Nov 16th 
when he returned to duty—Taken prisoner on picket line near 
Hatcher’s Run Va. Mar. 25 1865— 



































130 | ENLISTED WueEreE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WNERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Willie 1863") |eNeC: Col. 3 
Weaver Private| Sept 4 | Hillsboro] Landis yrs. | No. Ca. | Granville 
Barres En- 

DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION } GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1821 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 614| Farmer 

REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
24th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Jan 20 1864— 
Died in Hospital at Gordonsville Va. March 3 1864—Inventory 
and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of the Treasury at 
Richmond Va. May 2 1864— 


304 JAMEs Sprunt Historica STUDIES 


131 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | coUNTY 
Samuel H. 1864 | N.C. Col. P. 3 
Crabtree | Private] Jan 21 | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 
Holmes 
. DEscRIPTION OccuPATION 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 





1833 Grey | Dark | Fair 5 914! Overseer 


Batr_Les EncAGceEpD In 


Wilderness—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Pale Green 
Church—Weldon R. R. 








REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Jan. 28 
1864—Wounded in leg in battle of Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 
1864 and sent to hospital Died in hospital at Richmond Va. Oct 
25 1864— 


























132 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK ] WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY 

Joseph 1864 | N.C. Captisy 

A. Smith | Private] Feb 24| Hillsboro| Dickson | war | No. Ca. | Orange 
DESCRIPTION OccuPATION 

AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 

June 29 \ , 

1821 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 2 | Farmer 




















BatrLes Encacep In 
Wilderness—Hatcher’s Run—April 9/65—Fort Euliss—Sutherlands Tavern 





REMARKS 


Wounded slightly in shoulder in battle of Wilderness Va. May 
5 1864—Detailed in Ord. Dept Charlottsville Va. 1864—Re- 
turned to duty Feb 4 1865—Furlough Feb 24 1865 for 18 days— 
Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appo- 
mattox C. H. Va. Ap’19 1865. 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 305 



































133 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Wm. H. ( 1864 | N.C. Capt S. 
Crabtree | Private| Mar.25| Hillsboro] Dickson war.| No. Ca.| Orange 
Bart.es En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 

AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 

Sass sas) een RE se Wilderness 
1846 Grey | Light | Dr’k 5 | 9 | Farmer Hatcher’s Run 

REMARKS 


Wounded severely in hip in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 
1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Charlottsville Va. Jun 7 
1864 for 60 days—Furlough extended Aug 6 1864 for 30 days 
Deserted to the enemy Feb 28 1865— 


134 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY 

Thos. H. 1864 | N.C. Col. P. 3 

Mebane | Private] June | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 
30 Holmes 


Batries En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 


EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 

















Weldon RR 


REMARKS 


Wounded in hand in battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 
1864 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- 
mond Va. Aug 29 1864 for 60 days—Furlough extended Sept 29 
1864 for 30 days—Detailed at C. S. Arsenal Salisbury N. C. by 
Special Order No 276 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. dated Nov 14 1864— 
Detail extended by medical certificate Dec. 13 1864 for 30 days— 
Jan 17 65 for 30 days— 


306 JAMEs SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES 





135 ENLISTED WHERE Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 

Jas. B. 1864 | N.C. Maj. 3 

Anderson | Private] Sept 3 | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Caswell 
Holmes 


Battes En- 





DESCRIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
18 Hazel] Light | Fair 5 | 644| Farmer 

















REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Sept. 
4th 1864 Sent to Hospital Sept 16th 1864—Died in hospital at 
Richmond Va. Sept. 27 1864— 








136 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Thos. F. 1864 | N.C. Maj. 
Ward. Private| Sept 3 | Camp Mallett war. | No. Ca.| Caswell 
Holmes 
Bartties En- 
DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatchers Run 
a 8 —April 9/65— 
1846 Blue | dark | fair 5 | 7 | Farmer Fort Euliss— 
Sutherland’s 
Tavern 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Sept 4th 
1864—Sent to Hospital Oct. 1st 1864—Returned to duty Dec 2d 
1864—Surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia at 
Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 307 





137 ENLISTED WuereE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
William 1864 | Camp Col 

J. Dickson| Private[May 26| Holmes | Mallett war | No. Ca.| Orange 


Batt_es En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 


HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN 






AGE EYES 





Dark | Fair Hatcher’s Run 





1846 
Aug 23] Blue 10 | Farmer 





REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Co. D. Anderson’s Battalion Junior 
Reserves of N. C. Wounded severely in arm in battle of Hatch- 
er’s Run Va. Feb 5 1865 and sent to hospital— 













138 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN ] WHERE | BY WHOM COUNTY 
Guion 1864 | N.C. Maj. 

Waddell | Private] Aug 10) Camp Mallett War | No. Ca. | Orange 


Holmes 


Batt_es En- 










DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run 
SS SS Se Fort Euliss 
1840 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Sutherlands 
Tavern—April 


9th 1865 


REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
18th 1864—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” 
at Appomattox C. H. Va. Ap’1 9/65. 


308 JAMEs SpruNT HisToricaL STUDIES 





139 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK |WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | couNTY 
Elisha 1864 | Camp Maj. 
Durham | Private| Oct. 19] Holmes | Mallett War | No. Ca.| Orange 
pea Atl etch WS a A Ee 
Batties En- 
DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run 
Craeuyui bi Sear Nin (etale ANGE el Fort Euliss 
1826 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 {11144} Blacksmith | Sutherlands 
Tavern 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
29/64 Sent to hospital Nov 17th 1864—Returned to duty Jan. 
7th 1865—Taken prisoner on retreat from Petersburg Va. April 
7 1865— 





140 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTaTE | COUNTY 
John F. 1864 | Camp Maj. ; 
Holloway | Private| Oct. 19} Holmes | Mallett War.| Va. Henrico 


Batr_es En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run 
|_| | Fort Euliss 
1826 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 7 | Blacksmith | Sutherland’s 
Tavern 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
29th 1864—Severely wounded in breast in an engagement with 
Sheridan’s Cavalry near Farmville Va. April 7 1865 and left in 
the hand of the enemy— 


THE JAmes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 309 























141 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY wHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
J. Wesley } 1864 | Camp Maj 
Newton Private] Oct 19 | Holmes | Mallett war | Va. 
: Batties En- 
DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1835 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 6 | Shoe Maker 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct 
29th 1864—Detailed in Regimental Shoe Shop Dec 4th 1864— 
Furlough Dec. 28 1864 for 10 days—Taken prisoner near Hatch- 
ers Run Va. April 2d 1865 





142 ENLISTED WueEre Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | couNTY 


Camp Maj. 
Holmes | Mallett war. | No. Ca.| Orange 


Jos. J. 1864 
Merritt Private] Oct 19 





Batt es En- . 

















DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE = HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
1832 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 7 | Miller Fort Euliss 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
29th 1864—Wounded in hand in an attack on the enemy’s line 
near Hatchers Run in the night of Mar. 31 1865— 


310 JAMEs SpruNT Historica STupIEs 





143 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | CoUNTY 

Eli P 1864 | N.C. Maj. 

Sharp Private] Oct 19 | Camp Mallett War | No. Ca.| Orange 
Holmes 


Batrties En- 





DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Fort Euliss— 
— ._—— | | | Sutherlands 
1824 Blue | Dark | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Tavern—Ap’! 
9 1865 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct 29 
1864—Sent to hospital Novy 17 1864—Returned to duty Jany 9 
1865—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at 
Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 





144 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK |] WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE 








Alex A. 1864 | Camp Maj. 
Smith Private| Oct 19} Holmes | Mallett 








Bartties En- 























DEscrIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED In 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 
1833 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 7 Farmer Hatchers Run 
REMARKS 


Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 
29th 1864—Sent to Hospital March 29th 1865— 





145 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN ] WHERE | BY WHOM |] PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Lemuel K. 1863 3} IN2C. Capt. North- 


Woodward! Private! Jan Ist] Potecasi | Haggard war | No. Ca. | ampton 





Barres En- 
DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 


HAIR COMPLEXION 


Dark | Light 


AGE EYES 


Blue 


FT. 


IN 


9 Farmer 




















1827 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 ont 


REMARKS 

Transferred to this Co. from Co. K 4th N. C. Cav. in ex- 
change for Jos. Webb by Special Order No. 256 Hd. Ors. A. N. 
Va. Oct. 25th 1864—Transferred to Co. H 24th N. C. Infy in 


exchange for Jos. G. B. Cooley by special order No 4 Hd. Ors. 
A.N. Va. Jany 5 1865— 








146 ENLISTED WHERE Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY 
Joseph G. 1864 | Camp Col 

B. Cooley | Private|Sept 23 | Holmes | Mallett war | No. Ca. | Orange 


Batr_es En- 





DEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Hatchers Run 
eee Fort Euliss 
1846 Blue | Light} Fair 6 |—- | Shoe Maker} Sutherland’s 
Tavern 











REMARKS 


Transferred to this Co. from Co. H. 24 N. C. Infy in ex- 
change for L. K. Woodward by Special Order No. 4 Hd. Ors. 
A. N. Va. Jany 5 1865—Taken prisoner near Sutherlands Tavern 
Va. April 7th 1865 on retreat from Petersburg. 








147 ENLISTED Wuere Born 
NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD STATE | COUNTY 
San. F. 1865 | NC Capt. J. 

Hanner Private] Feb 12] Hillsboro] A. Graham] war | No. Ca.|{ Orange 













Barties En- 
DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN 


AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION 
Mar 12 


1848 











blue | dark | fair Farmer Hatcher’s Run 





REMARKS 


Killed in skirmish line near Hatcher’s Run Va. March 30th 
1865 


SZ JAmeEs SprunT Historicat STUDIES 





148 ENLISTED Wuere Born 

TOWN OR 
NAME RANK |WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY 
Saml 


, 1865 Capt 
S. Nash Private] Feb 28] Hillsboro} Graham war | No. Ca. Hillsboro 


Bates En- 
DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN 
AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 
1845 Hazel] Red | Florid 5 11 | Student Fort Euliss 

















REMARKS 
Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. Mar 31 1865 


313 


Tue JAmes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 


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314 James SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES 


List of all the members of Co. G. 27 N. C. Infy since its entrance: 
into service 


Date oF JoIN- 





No NaME RANK _ ING THIS CO REMARKS 
1861 
fexPrideones tunes hac Capt. Apl 20 Resigned Aug 15th 1861 
2 Joseph C. Webb...... Ist Lieut 7.20 
3 xJohn W. Graham..... Qaleivne: ” 20 A. D.C. to Gen. Gatlin 
4 Jas. Y. Whitted....... 2 4 7590) 
5 xWilliam Strudwick.... Surgeon ” 20 Surgeon P. A. C. S— 
6lxThos: | Cooly8: 2 1s Sergt ” 20 = Lieut 6th N. C. 
7 xL. George Lynch..... DXoi Wit ” 20 Capt of Militia 
8 Wm. N. Anderson..... 3 ie on 20) 
9 Thos. C. Carmicheal.. 4th ” 20 
10 Benjamin F. Holloway ist Corpl ~” 20 
11 xThos. J. Scarlett..... Dincdinis ” 20 Discharged 
12a plhos sb. wvinitted en mocale PO 
13. James A.Graham.... 4th ” 220 
fay Bopess seh y «cue. Private yin 
15 Borland, Wm. G...... es Bian 
G6) x Cains DhospRerss ee. fe 7”. A, Caswistheee 
17 Campbell, Wm. H.... rt Pie 
18 xCheek, Adolph W..... "i 7” Discharged 
19 Cooley, Chas S........ ay sh tat 
20) Coolevaihasslvt sen. i ee 
21 xCrabtree, Porter...... 3 ” Discharged 
22 ‘Crabtree, Wm. A..... ie petileny 
23) Dickson, sam. Ay. +5. iN canines 
24 Dickson, Stephen..... * Pakties 
24 xDuskin, G. M........ di ”» » — Discharged 
26 Faucette, Thos....... ‘% ons 
27 xForbis, H. Rufus..... 2 pats Maas to Co B 27 
23uxtlamiletyohins seis a 4 ”» ” ~ Discharged 
2 Omeatch yt Olinvh) oe cer 4 ats 
30 Hayes, Jas. Alex..... a enone 
31 Hayes, John. Sid..... + rgehe! 
S2 adil Johniisiys: see is oe et 
33 Holloway, Sam F..... ti Pele iat 
34 Hopkins, Wm. J...... hie ea i 
35 Joy, Sidney M....... a sata 
36 xJones, James E....... u ” » Discharged 
37 xKirkland, Alex M..... ch 2? Tjeut Othineues 
Seixliock, ohne nee eee aa Ade Rt ‘S)) IStalein 
39 McCauley, Henry C.. ab ulate 
40 McCauley, Wm. H.... 4 Ribas 
41 xNash, Frederick...... 2 ” ”? Discharged June 6 
42 xNichols, Stephen..... " » ” Discharged 
A3\)) Parks, Chas: Mise o1 <i a ie é 
44 xReese, Joseph........ 6 ”” » ~ Discharged 
45 xRichards, Hiram..... e ages 
46 Richards, Roscoe..... 4g rie 


Those marked thus X were discharged or left the company prior 
to the reorganization Ap’! 22 1862 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 = 315 


List of all the members of Co. G. 27 N. C. Infy since its entrance 
into service Apl 20 1861 continued 


DATE OF JOIN- 





No Name RANK ING THIs Co. REMARKS 
47 Roberts, John S...... Private Ap! 20 

48 xRuffin, Thomas...... t, 72> Capt dsth NY 
49 Scarlett, Sam. J...... a ” »” Discharged 

50) Scott, James:e.-..--\. H Shalpies 7 

51 Strayhorn, Thos. J.... % eee: 

52 Thompson, John F.... a Ks 

$3 xTurner, Julian S...... Hi ” ” Discharged 

54 Watson, OrrinA..... iy Ee he 

55 Weinand, Joseph..... dd ” Dropped Apl. 20 1862 
BG) \Walliamss Ye Bo... 2 fi Sah hee 

57 xCollins, Samuel. ..... Musician ” ” Discharged 

58 xWolf, John F........ a Penis is 

SOP xEIOltpMleK eo cieiesios «a Private vie ol 

60) Holt, Minn Bs... ..\.- y 2 21 MieutssthiN, 2 
61 xKirkland, John....... i, 2 20 ALO MSANEiC 
62 xMebane, Cornelius.... 3s" ” 21 Discharged adjt 6th N. C. 
63 xMebane, David...... a EA ie 

64 xMebane, William..... a Lc as fe 

65 xSimms, Hubbard H.. . 3 dase 3 

66 Thompson, Walter A.. 2 ee eY/ 

67 Delamy, Martin...... i May Ist 

68 Scarlett, John B...:.. a Pals 

69 Cape, William T...... on ” 7th 

70 Cheek, Robert H..... 4 eh 

ae * ClarksJohnvker fs ‘ cates 

72 Shields,Chas. J....... x ar tee 

73 Shield, James S....... ie etree 

74 Watson, Chas J....... Ke ne 

fom elallyDhoss [ese ceca G Syic: 

76 Hanner, John E...... re ” 14 

77 xHaughton, John L.... ia ” 14 Lieut Evans Cavalry 
78 xForrest, Albert Ji..... i ” » Discharged 

79 Woods, Hugh P...... cp eee 

80 Miles, George F...... fe AS 

81 Miles, James......... ue cae 

82 Nelson, Sam. L....... Ke Sanit 

83 Coply, George W..... fe June Ist 

84 Watson, Richard B... i eolist 

85 Woods, W. Duke..... a ee 

86 Woods, John F....... 4 dee AKG) 

87 Browning, Jas. M..... Ks ee 

88 Burroughs, Wm. H.H. a ates 

89 Clark, Fred P........ e cane 

90 Davis, Rod.C........ se arte 

91 Dunnigan, Tim C..... < tae 

92 Faucett, William A... a ae eS 

93 Gordon, D Thos...... ie yen het 

94 Haley, Jasper J....... KS tise 


Those marked thus X were discharged or left the company prior 
to the reorganization Ap’! 22 1862 


316 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 


List of all the members of Co. G. 27 No. Ca. Inf’y since its en- 
trance into service Apl 20 1861 continued— 


DATE OF JOIN- 
No NAME RANK ING THIS co REMARKS 





95 Merritt, Layfayette... Private June 18 1861 
96 Patterson, Robt. D.. a » 


97 Patterson, Willie T.... ie fe ph 

98 Paul, Alfred N........ A ave: 

99 Robson, Milton B..... if aN 
100 Strain, Win ‘i eins 
101 Strayhorn, SidiGueee fi aay 
102 Thompson, David.... uy Haat 
103. Warren, Bedford B.... oie aay KG 
104 Johnson, Benj J....... 44 enti 
105 Jackson, Jacob L..... ng He 
106 Woods, Joseph H..... % July 4 
107 Woods, Joseph E..... ti eee 
108) Tersys Wim Lites ce ii art 
109 Faucette, E.Strudwick ‘i Feel! 
110 Newman, Wm. H..... if EON 
111 Faucett, James N..... i Aug 4th 
112 Lipscomb, William. . . it Rian 
113 xFaucett, Albert...... me ” ” — Discharged 
114 Dorothy, George M... a games}! 
115 Hall, William H...... iy Sept 10 
116 Miller, Sanders H..... at Hind) 

1862 

117 Woods, George W..... i Mar 3 
AS Browns vAsa oe cui iney ag ia 
PTO Msardu jong teas vice 4 et hd 
120 Walker, George A..... vf raha 
121 Sneed, James W...... a Than 
122 Sims, Thomas E...... ry Tao 
123. Markham, Sanders L.. fe Apl 28 
124 Rogers, Wm. H..... GJ TAT 
125 Lockhart, Sam H.. is May 4 
126 Whitted, Jehu 1S i eis 
127 Bennett, Lorenzo..... ai nay 
128 Shields, Wm T.. i sat 
129 Norwood, Alvis... ... VEL: 
130 Webb James, Wray eae g nts 
131 Dunagan, Lorenzo... . i Wo 
132 Piland, Phillip A...... 4 ua 
133 Strayhorn, Elbert H... Hit July 15 
134 Mowatt, John........ ‘9 MCLs 
135-0 Niamn® Winds sees i Sept 5 
1:36) i tdaninery VWs knees ict <a Nov 24 
137 Woods, S. Knox...... zi ” 24 
138 Adams, Meredith..... bh Dec 11 
139 Hayes, William A..... ch Berita 
140 Hedgpeth, Abram.... 4 aa 


Those marked X were discharged or left the company prior 
to its reorganization Ap] 22/62 


THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 317 


List of all the members of Co. G. 27 No. Ca. Inf’y since its en- 
trance into service Apl 20 1861 continued— 


DATE OF JOIN- 





No NaMeE RANK ING THIS CO REMARKS 
1862 
141 Parks, David C....... Private Decil 
1863 
142 Gattis, William A..... i Feb 8 
143 Latta, William G..... Hy 78 
144 Ray, Murphy BA it Ailes 
145 Strayhorn, Q. Green. . a Wie 
146 Wilkerson, Uriah..... a (48 
147 SRauleDavid Coy...) 4. # April 2 
148 Blaylock, Ches H..... te Tied 
149 Forrest, James A..... a a 
150) Gattiswyi|ias=) A sisi s ei sg aia 
151 Hughes, James H..... si seat 
152 Merritt, Geo. W...... a Head 
153 Mitchell, James...... id TESOL 
154 Pearson, W. Frank. . its chivas 
155 Pickett, Henry....... a renner 
156 Thomas, John........ re CA 
157 Brown, Wilson....... x May 26 
158 Sykes, Wm. J........ ‘i Aug 15 
159 Thompson, William... % Silay 
160 Brown, Evans........ ni (2 S) 
161 Ray, William R...... Ne AMT 
162 Dunnagan, Chas L.... “e Oct 24 
163 Weaver, Willie....... i Ut iad 
1864 
164 Crabtree, Saml. H.... K Jan 28 
165 Smith, Joseph A...... i Feb 24 
166 Crabtree, Wm......... ih Mar 25 
167 Mebane, Thos H...... i July 20 
168 Anderson, Jas. B...... tt Sept 4 
169 Ward, Thomas....... o Bigs 
170 Dickson, William J. cf pL 
171 Waddell, Guion...... its Oct 18 
172 Durham, Elisha...... a fie Rods) 
173 Holloway, J. T.. .... a any aa 
174 Newton, J. Wesley... ei garni 
7S) Merrittyosure s+ e/a i ENA! 
Ole Sbatpa blige ei scl id Nt 
ITE Sheathid A le acs if ent 29 
178 Woodward, Lemual K. * ae) 
1865 
179 Cooley, Jos. G. B..... a Jany 5 
180 Hanner, Saml. F...... x Feb 12 


Sty MNash Sams Sasi cve : i 28 


318 James SpruntT Historicat STUDIES 


Members of Co. ‘“G.”’ who have become officers of other 
Commands 


No NAME Rank REMARKS 


1 John W. Graham... 2 Lieut. A. D.C. to Gen. Gatlin—Capt. Co. D. 56 
N. C.—May 56 ec 

2 Thomas L. Cooley.. 1 Sergt. Lieut 6th N. C 

3) Sdhos, RatGaine sy: Private ey arGusmls Ne C.—Resigned 

4 William Strudwick.. Surgeon Surgeon P. A. C. S.—Resigned 

5 Alex M. Kirkland.. Private Lieut 6th N. C.—Lieut Dickson’s Bat- 

: tery—Resigned 

7 


JohniPeacksce. 5 a Lieut Ist N. C.—Killed in battle 
Thos. Ruffin....... 3 Capt 13th N. C.—Lieut Col. 13th N. C. 
—Judge Mil Court 
8) Linn BSHole,. 2.2% Y Lieut 8th N. C. 
9 John Kirkland..... 4 A.Q. M. 5th N. C. P.Q. M. 
10 Cornelius Mebane. . 3 Adjt 6th N. C. 
11 John L. Haughton.. if Lieut Evan’s Cavalry 
12 Albert Faucett..... i Lieut 66th N. C.—Capt 66th N. C. 
18 Bred: (Nasheesacc ad A. A. and I. G. Kirklands Brigade 
14 A. W. Cheek....... ig Lieut Ist N. C 


—qqIlSS_—_h_h___S_=anDnRnanan29»77~~~~»~7~D~7~2~D~9RuH9HRNNHINH= 


Commissioned officers of Co. “G.” 27th N. C. Inf’y after 
April 22 1862 








No NAME Rank REMARKS 
1 Joseph C. Webb.... Capt. Elected Capt. Aug 17th 1861 
2 Jas. Y. Whitted.... Ist Lieut. e ve i 2 
3 Stephen Dickson... 2d Lieut f July 5th 1861 
4 Jas. A. Graham.... 2d Lieut Aug 17/61 
5 Thos. J. Strayhorn . Lieut a Dec 9/62 
6 Robt. D. Patterson. Lieut s Ap’! 30/63- 
Non-commissioned officers— 
No NaME Rank REMARKS 
1 Jas. E. Williams.... 1st. Sergt. Appointed Aug 17th 1861 
2 Sidney M. Ivy..... Dumas 3 Was, ie 
3 Thos B. Whitted.... 3d ” 4 a ieee ‘s 
4 Olin F. Hatch...... 4th ” id Feb 10 1862 
5 Thos C. Carmichael. 5th ” < Mist ae 
6 John F, Thompson. ist Corpl dt July 24 1861 
7 We/Sidney Wdayes:.cs 2d. i LS eae 
8 Hugh P. Woods.... 3d ” ey Aug17 ” 
9 D. Thos. Gordon... 4th ” ty Feb 10 1862 
10 Roscoe Richards. a x July 15 1862 
11 hee Jtdalle 4; A Sept 17 1862 for gallantry 
2. FA. EL: Burroughs i ‘i Sept 19 1862 
13 James Miless eee. e v Novy Ist 1863 
14 W.H.Newman.... i i ae es 
15 John B. Scarlett.... im i Aug 6th 1864 
16 John S. Roberts.... s * alison 
17 James L. Cooley... a é Sept 1st 1864 
18 David Thompson... e cs Nov 15 1864 


19 Meredith Adams... o " Jany 1st 1865 


No. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


Tue James A. GraHAM Papers, 1861-1884 


og 


List of men transferred from Co. “G.” N. C. Infantry— 


NAME Rank 


J. Sidney Hayes...... 


Thomas Faucett...... Private 
James Webb......... 3g 


Lemuel K. Woodward 4 


Date 
1862 


2 Corp’! Aug8 Petersburg 
Va. 


1863 
May 29 


1864 
Oct 30 


Dec 29 


PLace REMARKS 


Transferred to 
Co. E. 3 Tenn 
Regt 


Kinston Exchanged for 
N. C. A, J. Forrest 
Petersburg 
Vv 


Exchanged for 
a. L. 


K. Wood- 
ward 
Petersburg Exchanged for 
Va. Jos. G. 
Cooley— 





List of men discharged from Co. “G.” 27th N. C. Infantry. 


No, NaME Rank 
1 Anderson, Wm. N.... Private 
Dmscariettasaminn|sseei ay 
3) Nelson, Sam: L...... i 
4 Davis, Rod. C....:.. 2 
5 Gordon, Thos D...... Corpl. 
6 Borland, Wm. G...... Private 
7 McCauley, Ho C2e 2 Fi 
Sim MMiller SEL a nem aster % 

9 Thompson, W. A..... a4 
10 Strayhorn eye se 
11 Holloway, B. F....... a 
dQ) Hlollowayaondler caer re 
13 Lipscomb, Wm....... 4 
14 Sneed, James M....... ty 
1Smesards john. ay 


DaTE 


1862 
Ap’! 30 


Ap’! 30 
May 8 

June 13 
July 15 
July 15 


Pace REMARKS 
Kinston for disability 
N.C. 

Kinston ? 4 
N.C, 
Kinston r i 
INVC: 
Camp Lee __ By order of 
Genl. Holmes 
Petersburg Under Con- 
Va. script Act. 
Petersburg Furnished as 
Va. Substitute 
Petersburg By Conscript 
Var Act. 
Petersburg By Conscript 
Va. Act. 
Petersburg By Conscript 
Va. Act. 
Petersburg By Conscript 
Va. Act. 
Petersburg By order of 
Va, Col. Cooke 
Petersburg By order of 
Va. Col, Cooke 
Kinston Furnished as 
INSC: Substitute 
Bichmond For Disability 
as 


Orange C.H. ” a 
Va. 


320 


James SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 


List of men discharged from Co. “G.” 27th N. C. Infantry 





—Continued— 
No NAME Rank DATE PLAcE REMARKS 
16 Dickson, Stephen..... Capt No 2d heen Retired for dis- 
ability on ac- 
count of wounds 
17 Newman, Will H..... Corpl De15 Petersburg Retired for dis- 
Va. ability on ac- 
; count of wounds 
18 Whitted, Jehu R...... Private De12 Richmond Retired for dis- 
Va. ability on ac- 
count of wounds 
List of men of Co. “G.” 27 Reg’t. N. C. Infantry who died 
in service 
No NaMeE RANK DATE PLace REMARKS 
1862 
1 Piland, Phillip A...... Private July 13 hak Det of Brain 
ever 
2 Hopkins, Will J....... % Sept 17 Sharpsburg Killed in battle 
3 Jackson, Jacob I...... ii ares tene A 6 22. ts A wt 
4 Watson, Orrin A.. ” ” ” ” ”» ” ” ” 
5 Carmicheal, Thos C... " Serg’t. Sept 19 ait Died of wounds 
d ? 
6 Woods, George W.. . Private sibel re td vi if Hy 
7 Bennett, Lorenzo Ti Oct 21 Winchester Died of Typhoid 
Va. Pneumonia 
8 Dunnagan, Tim C.... ik G27 ”» —” Died of Typhoid 
Fever 
9 Watson, Richard B... be Nov 17 Charlottsville Died of Typhoid 
Fi Va. Pneumonia 
LOVBrownwAsale eeu: i ” 28 Richmond Died of Pneu- 
monia 
TA MiarkhamiS sai nr Dec 15 Orange Co Died of Typhoid 
IN; C3 Fever 
1863 
PO erry. NVA eae ane 3% Jan 3 Richmond Died of Typhoid 
Va. Fever 4 
13) (Paul; AltrediNa aoa te sas WP? i ” Died of Typhoid 
Fever 
1862 
14 Robson, Milton B..... i Dec 13 Fredericks- Killed in battle 
burg Va. 
1863 
15 Hanner, Wm. P...... a Feb.9 Danville Va. Diet of Small 
‘Ox 
16 Hayes, Jas. Alex..... Hf Mar4 Goldsboro Died of 
INUIG; Eresypolls 
17 Miles, Geo. F... 4 June 30 


Richmond Died of Fever 
Va. 


Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 


Grail 


List of men of Co. “G.” 27 Reg’t. N. C. Infantry who died in 
service—Continued— 


No. Name Rank 
18 Woods, Hugh P...... Corpl. 
19 Campbell, Wm. H.... Private 
20) Gattissamess Aly 2). a 
21 Merritt, Geo. W...... 4 
22 Pearson, W. Frank... i 
230 Siielassash See ss «es ix 
DAN Woodsaiiosn Bei ci4: By 
25) (lark JohniKe...'. ./.,. iY 
26 Dunnagan, Lorenzo... Private 
Weaver, Wiley....... mt 
28 Wilkerson, Uriah..... He 
29 Forrest, Jas A. M 
60) Davisw modi Ces .els ik 
Si Wood ohn Heenan... fs 
32 Delamy, Martin...... zi 
33 Norwood, Alves...... a 
34 Hughes, Jas. H....... tig 
SS yliishoone. IB ore, Loe abies ad 
36 Strayhorn, Q. Green. . i 
37 Strayhorn, Edgbert H. ik 
Soh wleattany Viren Grameen a ii 
Bo aibomaswe Olneen es % 
AO Vial Wille esvace. ” 
41 Faucett, E. Strud..... rn 
42 Lockhart, Sam P.. hi 
43 Roberts, John S...... . Corp’ ] 
44 Williams, Jas. E...... Private 
45 Strayhorn, Thos J.... 2d Lieut 
46 Shields, Chas J....... Private 
47 Ray, William R...... 
48 Anderson, Jas B...... Private 
49 Blaylock. Clon wee nh 
50 Browning, Jas. M,.... 4 


Date 
Oct 14 


”» ” 


Nov 2 


1863 
Nov 4 


1864 
Mar 3 


Jan 10 
May 2 
”? 5 


a. 
” 10th Spottsylvania 
Bil sade) 


June 15 
ne 
July 2d 
July Ist 
May 15 
Apl 26 
July 28 


Aug 21 


AR Mealt 
Aug 25 
Sept 3 


8 
” 24 


”» 


1864 
Sept 27 


Aug 5 


PLace REMARKS 
Bristol Sta- Killedin battle 
tion Va. 

” »” ” ” 

” ” »”> ”> ” 

” »” ” ” ” 

” > »”» ” ” 

” ” »”»> ” ”? 

”> ” ” »”» ”»> 
Richmond Died of wounds 
Washington 
DING: 


Gordonsville Died of Typhoid 
Va. Fever 

Ft. Lookout Pied icatyehend 
Md. 

Richmond Died aaah 
Va. Fever 
Wilcerses Killed in battle 


»” »” ” 


Lynchburg Died of wounds 
a. 
Killed in battle 

RichmondVa. Died of wounds 
Danville Va. Died of Asth- 
Richmond Va ma 
Orange Co Died of con- 
NG; sumtion 
Davis Farm Killed in Battle 

a. 
Ream’s Sta- Cea AUN 
tion Va. 
Petersburg Died of wounds 
Va. 
Richmond Ya. "7 
Richmond Died of 
Va. Phneumonia 
Pt. Lookout 5 
Md. 


” ”? 


522, James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 


List of men of Co. G. 27 Reg’t N. C. Inf’y who died 
in service Continued 


No NAME Rank Date PLace REMARKS 
51 Crabtree, Sam. H..... 7 Oct 25 Richmond Died of wounds 
Va. and fever 
1865 
52 Holloway, Benj F..... Private Feb 5 Killed in battle 
1864 
53. Miles; James). .......... Corpl Died of wounds 
1865 
54 Ray, T. Murphy..... Private Mar 5 Ones Co Fever 
55) sHanner: SamitBan 5. ii Mar 30 Hatchers Run 
Va Killed in Battle 
56. Wm: Ji Sykes... 352, a 1864 — — Died from 
Disease 








List of men deserted from Co. “G.” N. C. Infantry 


No NAME Rank DATE PLAcE REMARKS 
1 McCauley, W. H..... Private ae Lookout Took oath of 
alliance to 
Yankees 
1865 
2 rGapes Winks Wiscakiner-. i Feb 28 Petersburg Deserted to the 
Va. enemy 
3 Crabtree, Will A...... rs coat if Dasa to the 
enemy 
4 Crabtree, Will H.,.... x Pa 7 Deserted to the 
enemy 
5S )PanlDavyidiCouy. 221). A: 72428 - Deserted to the 
enemy 
6 Mitchell, James M.... ” Mar 17 on Deserta to the 


enemy 


THE JAmEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 


328 


List of officers and men of the 27th Reg’t No. Carolina 


Infantry surrendered by Gen. R. E. Lee at Appomattox 
C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 


Rank Name 
At. Col. Joseph C. Webb 
Major Calvin Herring 
Adg’t Thaddeus E. Pittman 
Surgeon E. Lloyd Howard 
‘Serg’t Maj William E. Ward 
‘2d Sergt. Andrew D. Lindsey 


‘Hosp. Steward Chas. M. Parks-— 


Company “A” 








list Gt: John G. Parker 
Pvict. N. Lafayette Whitley 
Ist Serg’t Richard B. Parker 
‘Corp’! Simon B. Kilpatrick 
Private Larry Aycock 

Ki Joseph Peacock 

a Geo. W. Stegall 

i Richard Ward 

i John T. Roberts 

Company “B” 

‘Capt John A. Sloan 
Sergt Thos J. Rhodes 
Serg’t Joel J. Thom 
Private Lewis A. Isely 

i Jas. H. Hardin 

a Walter Green 

4 E. “Tonkie” Sharp 

a W. A. McBride 

se George Lemons 

i Silas C. Dodson 
Musician Samuel M. Lipscomb 

Company “‘C” 

Musician John H. Suggs 
Private L. H. Fields 


Jesse Grant 
Henry Grant 

ae Thomas Perdee 
Richards Sutton 


Company “‘D”’ 





Ist Lt. George W. Jones 
2Lt Cornelius Harper 
Ist Sergt Henry S. Nunn 
Sergt J. R. Howard 
Corpl J. R. Gray 


S. H. Kornigay 


Name 
A. B. Blizzard 


James Davis 
Jesse Hardy 
James Quimm 
Samuel Stroud 

ic James H. Thomas 
Curtis Worley 


Rank 


Private 
” 


Company “E” 





Capt Robert W. Joyner 
istlete M. G. Ernul 
Ist Sergt John R. Dixon 
Ist Sergt John Etgear 
» Albert S. Carr 
Robt J. Long 
Frank M. Kilpatrick 
ts John Watson 
Private Saml. R. Cason 
Ze William Corbett 
4 Wm. Bryant Edwards 
Rufus A. Guimmer 
William Geavner 
a Richard Harris 
“id E. Isely 
Matthew Jones 
James Jones 
Peter H. Summers 


Corp’! 


Company “‘F” 


Robert Lanning 
xThis company in No. 

Ca and surrendered 

with Gen J. E. John- 


ston’s army 


Private 


Company “G” 


Jas. A. Graham 
Roscoe Richards 
Meredith Adams 
Sam. A. Dickson 
W. H. H Burroughs 
Wm. A. Hayes 
Jehu Boggs 

Wilson Brown 
James N. Faucett 
He William A. Faucett 
Me Abram Hedgpeth 

ie Samuel L Nelson 

i William H. Nunn 


Capt 
Sergt 
Corp’! 
Musician 


Private 
”» 


324 


James SprunT HistoricAL STUDIES 


Company “G”—Continued 


Rank Name 
Private David C: Parks 
iff Eli Sharp 


Company “H” 


Capt 


Ist Sergt 
Sergt 


Corp 


Private 
” 


Private 
” 





Joseph A. Smith 
Sidney G. Strayhorn 
John F. Thompson 
Guion W. Waddell 
Thos. F. Ward 

S. Knox Woods 

W. Duke Woods 


Henry F. Price 
John R. Rollins 
J. H. Little 


I Wm. C, Burney 


Robert Feming 
A. Forks 

Wm. H. Humber 
Matthew James 
R. James 

Peter Lawrence 
T. Ed. Randolph 
Erasted Rountree 
A. Bevil 

Wm. H. Stancill 
Gustavius H. Evans 


Company I 


George Roberson 
Wm. Lovitt 

J. R. Miller 
John Dees 
Julius Mills 

V. Civils 


Company “K” 





Rank Name 

Capt Benj Parks 
Corp’! Benj S. Best 
Private William Bardin 

ay E, M. Sauls 

an Stephen W. Pate 

ai Willie Thompson 
Sutler Jas. I. Burgess 

Recapitulation 
Lieutenant ‘Colonel. ............. T 
Major. .. 2\.ssths seer ele Reo IT 
Adjutant... 3.0./)) sienna I 
Surgeon, .): 0.200 eee ene I 
Captains... 25). Jute eee Si 
ist Lieutenants), .).\..> soe pL INS G 
2d SMD TERA hci 2 
Sutler. Js) cele a eeieiee deen 1 
Sergeant Majors Geen. eee ee 1 
Ordnance Sergeant. scien: » re 1 
Hospital Steward)... sae ueaees I 
Sergeants. .)....3'. ) (erie eto eee 1f 
Corporals!):\; ) ). a tees een 10: 
Musicians. : ccf )otn eyesore Bee 
Privates: «2/21. . neta ae V2. 
Total. .ic::scbaeetn ieee 116 


Co “A” 9—Co. “B” 12—Co “C” 6— 
Co *D” 13—Co “E” 18—Co “F” 1— 
Co. “G” 22—Co “H” 15—Co“T”’ 6— 
Coie 





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